洪氾區洪水高程確定制度法制化之研究

Abstract

摘要 我國近年頗為重視洪氾區管理之議題，但相關研究仍以科學技術面與經濟面為主，法制面之研究則十分欠缺。本文結合法制面與技術面之研究方法，探討美國洪災保險制度中重要之一環—洪水高程確定制度之建立與運作。本文由探討美國洪災保險法律制度為始，首先討論洪水高程確定制度之定位；並就洪水高程確定制度之基準—基準洪水高程之各項相關名詞定義解釋，與重要之配套制度逐項分析。而後對於洪水高程確定制度於我國法制化之過程進行介紹，並以東港溪流域為例，以美國洪災保險實務之相關技術，探討欲於東港溪流域實施洪水高程確定制度之情形。由以上之探討，可知我國未來劃設洪氾區時，洪水高程確定制度應屬不可或缺，應修改相關法律制度以資因應；本文研究同時顯示，我國目前亟應研究如何訂定全國一致之「基準洪水頻率」，以作為防洪保護標準、洪氾區劃設及未來實施洪災保險制度之統一標準，否則洪氾區劃設與洪災保險制度均將失其基礎。

ABSTRACT In Taiwan, floodplain management is an important issue in the recent years. But the study may still focus on the scientific, technical and economic issues, the formal rulemaking process remains insufficient. This paper combines the study about the formal rulemaking process and the technology of floodplain delination, and focuses on the very important part of the “National Flood Insurance Program” (NFIP) in the U.S.—the establishment and operation of “Flood Elevation Determination”. (FED, 42 U.S.C. §4104) This paper starts from the discussion of positioning the FED in the National Flood Insurance Act in the U.S., then tries to explain some important terms relating to the “Base Flood Elevation” (BFE), the basis of the FED. Since the flood insurance law is not enacted in Taiwan, this paper tries to establish the formal rulemaking process of the FED in Taiwan, and utilized some technology for carrying out the NFIP in the U.S., in order to delinate the “Numbered Zone A” (without delinating the Zone AH and Zone AO) in the Tung Kang Creek basin. After such discussion, one can conclude that the laws and regulations related to the floodplain delination shall be revised for establishing the FED. This paper also shows that we have to find a unified standard of the frequency year of the “Base Flood”. If it’s necessary to establish our own NFIP in Taiwan, this standard will unify the protecting basis of the flood protection system, the future flood delination, and the future NFIP in Taiwan.