建立無所不在學習之框架式互動學習模型

Abstract

隨著無線網路技術以及嵌入式系統的發展，線上學習已從E-Learning發展到Mobile Learning以及最近的Ubiquitous Learning (U-Learning)。無所不在學習(U-Learning)的特性主要是提供學習的普遍性、不被中斷性，服務的互通性以及以嵌入式裝置為主的服務，除此之外並強調情境感知(Context-Awareness)的特性，依使用者身處地點、情境、時間等之不同來提供更適切的學習服務。而目前絕大部分建立無所不在學習應用程式的方法皆是以技術與功能導向的，導致難以導入老師與專家的知識，因此不能保證學習效果，對教學活動也缺乏了靈活性以及有不容易維護的問題。為了解決這些問題，本研究利用了知識工程的方法，提出一個知識整合架構的模型，稱為框架式互動學習模型(Frame-based Interaction and Learning Model, FILM)來描述U-Learning課程(U-Lesson)。本研究亦針對FILM模型提出一套參考設計流程(FILM Design Process)供工程師與老師有系統化地設計U-Learning課程。FILM包括U-Lesson Behavior Petri Net Model (ULBPN)以及U-Lesson Material Frame Model (ULMF)兩個子模型。ULBPN子模型為階層式高階派翠網，提供老師描述教學設計知識。ULMF子模型為框架知識表示法，提供工程師描述底層的情境資訊推論與系統服務。最後我們提出了一個U-Learning的課程並以FILM模型來描述，以討論FILM模型之可行性、描述力以及延伸性。

As Internet usage becomes more popular over the world, the learning technology including online learning, employee training courses, and e-book in the past ten years has been accepted globally. In recent years, Ubiquitous Computing technology is further applied in the domain of learning and is called Ubiquitous Learning (U-Learning). It is a computer supported learning paradigm for identifying learners’ context information to provide integrated, interoperable, pervasive and seamless learning experiences. However, the technology and functionality driven development process of U-Learning application results in difficult to construct, maintain and extend the developed applications; moreover, learning efficacy can not be assured. In this thesis, we apply knowledge based approach and propose a Frame-based Interaction and Learning Model (FILM) consisting of two sub-model, U-Lesson Behavior Petri Net Model (ULBPN) and U-Lesson Material Frame Model (ULMF) for the development of U-Learning Lesson (U-Lesson). Based on FILM, a generic reference design process, FILM Design Process is also proposed to have a guideline of using FILM to design a U-Lesson. Teachers can use ULBPN to model the instruction design of a U-Lesson and engineers can use ULMF to model the materials used in a U-Lesson. Finally, a U-Lesson is modeled by FILM to evaluate its feasibility.