Simultaneous self-mode-locking of TEM(0,0) and TEM(1,0) modes in a Nd:YVO(4) laser: Application for measuring the thermal focal length

Abstract

We demonstrate that the simultaneous self-mode-locking of TEM(0,0) and TEM(1,0) modes can be achieved in a standard end-pumped Nd:YVO(4) laser. With this simultaneous self-mode-locking, the transverse beat frequency can be accurately measured as a function of the absorbed power. We employ the measured beat frequency and the cavity theory to precisely determine the effective focal length of the thermal lens in the gain medium.