A 145 mu W 315MHz Harmonically Injection-Locked RF Transmitter with Two-Step Frequency Multiplication Techniques

Abstract

This paper presents a low-power RF transmitter with harmonic injection locking and capacitive-coupling frequency multiplication techniques. To save power, the design operates at a low frequency except for the RF Class-E power amplifier. The chip, which was fabricated using 0.18 um CMOS technology, has an area of 0.49 mm X 0.93 mm. The proposed model can achieve a maximum transmission power of -21.3 dBm, data rate of 2 Mbps, and energy efficiency of 0.071nJ/bit while consuming 145 mu W.