Title: 檢視「中國崛起」的論述及其限制
Authors: 蔡宏政
Keywords: 中國崛起;雁飛型體系;朝貢體系;全球化;rise of China;flying geese system;tributary system;globalization
Issue Date: 1-Mar-2009
Publisher: 國立陽明交通大學出版社
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Press
Abstract: 從1992年之後,中國的GDP除了持續1980年代以來的增長外,國外直接投資如坐直昇機般的上升,貿易順差與外匯也相應地快速增長,這四類數據的高速成長引發了關於「中國崛起」的熱切討論。右派與左派對此議題的解釋雖然不同,卻同樣有著各自的東方主義式盲點,因而無法正面分析在中國的經濟增長中存在著對美國為主的全球市場之依賴。造成這種依賴的原因是中國的外資主要是來自四小龍(特別是台灣與香港),因此1990年代後中國的「與世界接軌」其實是日益深入地改變中國原先「進口替代工業化」的發展策略,而被納入了雁飛型體系中依賴美國市場的「出口導向工業化」模式,也因此依賴於「美元循環」下的全球經濟體制。然而,由於中國巨大的經濟規模,它的持續增長是不能建立在依賴世界市場的基礎之上,而必須依賴國內的消費能力。然而在缺乏全國性社會安全制度的情況下,依賴市場邏輯來分配福利的「改革開放」只會更加制約了占人口多數的農民與城市職工之消費能力。要解決這一問題,中國政府必須將經濟發展的成果更大地分配到低所得的農民與城市勞工手中,同時也必須加快全國性的社會安全網的建置,這些社會與政治改革的深水區因此構成了中國是否崛起的關鍵變數。
The rise of China turns into a hot issue along with China's rapid growth of GDP, FDI, trade surplus and foreign reserve. The rightists explain China rise as the outcome of neo-liberal globalization, while the leftists interpret it as historical return of a Sino-centric tributary system. This article argues that both right and left perspectives have their orientalist blind spots in deciphering the phenomena of China rise. These blind spots prevent them from seeing China's high dependency on the U.S.-centered global market, a main character of East Asian flying geese pattern. However, due to its big size, China's continuous growth as a key condition for the rise of China has to rely on its domestic purchasing power rather than global market. As internal purchasing power is currently constrained by income inequality and lack of well-established welfare system, corresponding social reforms thus become crucial factors for the future of China rise.
URI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6752/jcs.200903_(8).0003
http://hdl.handle.net/11536/157386
ISSN: 1816-0514
DOI: 10.6752/jcs.200903_(8).0003
Journal: 文化研究
Router: A Journal of Cultural Studies
Issue: 8
Begin Page: 101
End Page: 124
Appears in Collections:Router: A Journal of Cultural Studies


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