職業婦女的工作與家庭關係

Abstract

本研究的目的在探討職業婦女的工作或家庭中發生的正、負事件對另一範疇中的事件是否會產生外溢(學習轉移)的現象。120位職業婦女被隨機分派至2(事件範疇：工作對家庭、家庭對工作) ×3(事件情緒取向：正、負、無)的故事情境中，先描述一個職業婦女在工作或家庭中所發生的事件(正、負、無)，再描述此婦女在另一範疇(家庭或工作)中所遭遇到的一個問題，共閱讀3個故事(情緒、價值、技能行為)，閱讀完1個故事後根據自身想法、經驗將人物所面臨的工作或家庭問題事件的後續處理方式加以完成及評估自己對此問題事件的反應。根據故事內容分析結果及問題事件的反應評估分析發現工作或家庭中發生的正事件對另一範疇的問題解決有正向情緒、價值及技能行為的外溢，而家庭中發生的負事件對工作中的問題解決有負向情緒、價值及技能行為的外溢，但工作中發生的負事件對家庭中的問題解決只有負向價值的外溢；另外職業婦女在處理家庭問題時會動用一點工作上的資源，而處理工作問題時大多是利用工作資源解決。整體而言，本研究的結果顯示婦女在職場上所學的正面情緒、價值及技能行為可以正向的遷移至家庭的問題解決，而職場上的負事件則較少遷移至家庭中，相反的，家庭中的負事件普遍會對工作產生負向的遷移，顯示對職業婦女而言，家庭是她們所極力維護的場所。

The purpose of this study was to explore whether positive or negative events happen to career woman in work or family can transfer to other domain. One hundred and twenty career women were randomly assigned to 2 event domain (work to family or family to work) x 3 tones of event (positive, negative or none) experimental conditions. They were given the description of an event a career woman encountered in the work or the family first, and then described a problem this woman faced in another domain. There were three cases (mood, value or skills) each participant had to resolve in each experimental condition. After reading a case, participants were asked to use their experiences to solve the problem and evaluate how they felt about the work or family problems. According to solutions they proposed and felt, we found positive mood value or skills acquired at work place or at home could be transferred to solve the problem in another domain. The negative mood, value or skills acquired from family could also be transferred to work. But only negative value acquired from work was transferred to solve family problem. In addition, career women would apply a few resources at work to solve the family problems, but they rarely applied any resource from home to solve work problems. Overall, we found career women get more positive spillover from work to family in terms of mood, value or skills. In contrast, they usually would experience some negative spillover from family to work. Theses findings suggest that family is the place that career would try their best to protect.