影響我國機車駕駛人違規闖紅燈行為決策之因子研究

Abstract

交通安全長久以來一直是國人所關心的話題，交通事故往往因為其發生頻率高且民眾不易看到重大傷亡事故，而使得許多人低估了事故危險性。交通事故的發生有許多因素，其中交通違規為其中重要的因素之ㄧ，交通環境中只要有駕駛人違反道路交通規則，將會造成其他用路人之干擾與危險；違規駕駛與交通安全之危害有極為密切之關係，為了有效減少道路交通肇事的發生及提昇道路交通安全的品質，預防與減少違規行為的產生，應為最直接與有效的途徑。

機車在我國受到大眾普遍使用，機車相關事故屢見不鮮，其中機車駕駛人闖紅燈違規行為為最常見之違規行為，本研究分析駕駛人違規闖紅燈駕駛行為意向影響因子，亦即欲了解當駕駛人決定要執行違規闖紅燈行為時，何種因素會增高其違規意向，若能針對駕駛人違規行為之成因而實施對策，便可有效減少違規駕駛行為，亦可相當程度的減少交通事故之發生。

由於傳統分析方法將李克特順序尺度當作等距尺度，此法在統計推論及後續研究上有著爭議，為克服相關問題，嘗試使用試題反應理論中之Rassh模式以較為精確的分析機車駕駛人違規闖紅燈行為意向，並比較傳統分析方法和Rasch模式分析後結果之差異。

本研究調查新竹地區機車駕駛人之違規闖紅燈型為意向，利用計劃行為理論設計問卷，共回收441份樣本，利用Rasch模式分析各構面內問項對於駕駛人感受程度，探討各構面對於駕駛者違規闖紅燈行為意向之影響程度，並比較不同社經因素的受訪者在各構面間對於違規闖紅燈行為感認之差異。

本研究結果可供政府單位加強危險情境之宣導，讓民眾不要因低估各情境之潛在危險而違規闖紅燈，並且本研究將各構面難度和民眾能力作比較，可在未來宣導時依民眾程度不同給予不同之項目教育，最後，家人對於民眾違規闖紅燈行為意向會有重大影響，若民眾都能從自我做起，進而影響家人，這樣對於國內交通環境改善應能有相當顯著之成效。

Traffic safety is an important issue and severity of Traffic accidents is undertaken by public. Traffic violation is one of the most important factors of traffic accident. The relation between traffic violation and traffic safety are high. For preventing road injury is a suitable method to improve quality of road safety. Motorcycle is popular in Taiwan. Red-light running violation is one of the most common violation behaviors. This study analyze motorcycle rider's intention to traffic violation behavior. And wish to find the countermeasure for dealing with a situation to decreasing violation behavior and reducing traffic accidents. To conquer the dispute about explaining and reasoning the results of traditional methods that uses Likert scale as interval scale, this study tries to apply Item Response Theory for more real abilities of drivers. The study uses classical item theory and the Rasch model to measure abilities and compare the statistic of goodness-of-fit and relations. The study design different dimensions for drivers. And applies the Rasch Model to disclose the information behind the original ordinal scores. The study was hold by examining the original scores rated via questionaire on the 441 samples in Hsin-Chu. For the estimates of all dimensions are mapped into an interval scale measures from the original ordinal scores, these values can be compared scientifically. And comparing person's abilities and item's difficulty to get some information. The results can support to traffic safety education teaching populace what kinds of situations are dangerous. Further, the study provides some information about ability, to teach in line with the student's abilities. It means that everyone has his feeling, we should give different scenario information to improve their traffic risk perceptions. Finally, family can influence driver's intention to run a red-light. To prevent traffic violation behavior, each one announce to his family for avoiding driving violation.