創業協同 - 國內高科技創業育成模式研究

Abstract

台灣正處於產業變革，傳統產業外移之際，在全球化的競爭態勢下，高科技產業也面臨產品過度競爭的微利時代。以往的創業模式與創新策略，已未必適合現今的競爭環境，創業的成功率與事業的生存率也已大為降低。本文研究國內中小型高科技新創公司的創業成功要素及其策略性資源，檢視現有創業育成環境所能提供的價值創造，再由創業成功的育成案例中萃取關鍵要素，提出「創業協同」的創業育成新模式，以改進原有育成高科技新創公司模式的缺失。 本研究可分為三大部分，第一部份研究高科技創業的動機與風險；討論創業家、創業精神、創新與創新策略，創業成功要素、創業風險與創業管理。第二部分則由資源基礎理論，分析新創事業的價值創造要素，與新創事業的策略性資源；以對高科技新創公司較熟悉的育成中心與創業投資公司為研究對象，瞭解其對國內新創高科技公司的價值創造成效；並由交易成本與代理理論，解釋其成效有限的原因與實務運作的矛盾。第三部分則由國內外成功的華人創業育成案例，歸納出七項創業育成成功的主要因素，即1. 鼓勵創新、容許嘗試錯誤的環境，有助於創業精神的培養和新事業的開展。2. 互補性的資源可以加速新創事業成熟，及早達到產業經濟規模。3. 夥伴關係可以改善資源的利用效率，並能顯著降低代理成本。4. 行業的專門性，能催化技術與經驗等內隱知識在該環境的外化與傳遞。5. 特定領域具有豐富成功經驗的專家參與，對新創事業的價值創造最為顯著。6. 良好創新與創業活動的知識管理，有助於新創企業累積經驗、避免犯錯。7. 透過適當的股權分配與董監事規劃，可減低代理風險並落實公司治理。 本研究依據這些要素提出「創業協同」的創業育成模式，降低兩造之間的代理問題，由專家協助與知識管理來提供新創高科技公司策略性資源，以降低失敗風險，提高創業的成功率。

The high-techs in Taiwan all started from “start-ups” during past two decades now facing serious problems of keeping growth. Big high-tech companies in Taiwan used the “fast follower” strategy and became heavy and lacking of innovation then lost their profit. This paper mainly encouraged the innovations from new start-ups and explored entreprenurship in order to find a suitable way succesfully incubating high-tech stat-ups and speeding up its growth without too much pain. In Taiwan, two useful organizations could directly contribute the High-tech start-ups are existing: they are Incubation Centers (IC) and Venture Capitals (VC). Unfortunately, the recent studies from scholars didn’t reveal positive results related to their value creation activities. The main problems came from the “Agency Problems” raised by high transaction costs which have prevented them from providing new high-techs essential resources to fulfill entrepreneurs’ requirements. By investigating several successful incubation cases, such as Acorn Compass, Pan-Acer Group, and Pan-UMC group, the study has extracted 7 common success factors. Via using these 7 success factors to check with the function provided by Taiwan nowadays’ IC and VCs, we found they merely could provide little to the start-ups. Due to the insufficiency of incubation environment, the study has proposed a new high-tech incubation model called “Collaboratively Venturing” to differentiate from traditional IC and VC’s to mitigate the common Agency.