在遊戲中學習風格與解題策略對規則發現之影響

Abstract

本研究的主要目的是要探討在遊戲中學習風格與解題策略對遊戲規則發現的影響。發現規則在任何地方都是一種非常重要的能力，生活中各個層面是否能掌握新階段的遊戲規則，決定了個體能否即時融入團體、求得生存並解決問題。而在遊戲中的發現規則、運用規則，更是能否享有高品質遊戲互動與遊戲樂趣的重要元素。然而數位遊戲中都是透過解題而希望過關的這個過程來發現規則，遊戲設計成讓玩家過關，實際上也是要讓玩家瞭解規則、進而運用規則，二者是交錯而成的。而其中的解題策略是否會因人而異影響到規則的發現？個人在學習歷程中所採取的獨特方式，或個人用以解決學習問題的特殊方法，是否也會影響到規則的發現？以上皆為本研究欲探討的主題。 研究採實驗法及觀察法。數位遊戲是以「伸縮管」為研究工具；在學習風格方面則以Kolb的經驗學習理論所定義的擴散者、調適者、聚斂者及同化者等四種學習風格類型，作為研究變項；在「解題策略」方面，則利用前導研究資料分析，將解題策略分為方法—目的分析法、倒推法、嘗試錯誤法三種。在實驗設計上，以120位國中九年級學生為研究樣本，分別施以「Kolb學習風格量表」調查及「伸縮管」遊戲實測，根據問卷調查及遊戲錄影資料進行觀察、記錄與分析。 根據實驗結果分析發現：不同學習風格的玩家，以同化者所發現的規則數量最多；而解題策略的不同，對於規則的發現則無明顯影響；無論有無玩過類似遊戲的經驗，玩家玩遊戲的主要策略，還是以嘗試錯誤為主；遊戲過程中若意識到規則存在，有助於玩家遊戲順利進行。

The main purpose of this research is to explore the influence of learning styles and problem-solving strategies on players’ finding game rules during gameplay. Finding the rules is an important ability to do things on a daily basis. Mastering the game rules of a new stage in life decides whether an individual can successfully take a part in the new environment, understand and solve problems quickly. Of course, finding rules and making use of them are the keys to enjoy high quality of interaction and progress in the game. However, it is up to the players to find the game rules through playing, problem-solving and overcoming the challenges presented in the game. Games are designed to help players to pass the challenges and have fun. In fact, a game is formed to make players understand the rules and able to apply the rules, thus rule-finding and problem-solving are intertwined. Would the strategies adopted by the players affect their rule finding because of varied characteristics of individuals？ Whether a unique learning method or a special way of solving the learning problem for individuals affects their rule findings in the game？ These are the subjects of this study. Experiments and analyses are employed in this study. Telescope is our game for research. Four learning styles of Kolb’s experiential learning theory---Diverger, Accommodator, Converger, Assimilator, were used as independent variables. Based on the analysis of our pilot-study data, problem-solving strategies are divided into three types---means-end analysis, working backwards, and trial-and-error. In our formal experiment we had 120 ninth-graders as subjects. All observations and analyses were based on their answers to questionnaire and data recorded in their gameplay. Based on our analyses of the data, assimilators found the largest number of rules. There was no obvious correlation between different types of problem-solving strategies and rule finding. Trial-and-error was used as the main strategy for the players to play the game whether they have similar gaming experience or not. In summary, if the players were aware of finding the rules during the gameplay, it is helpful for the process of gaming.