固定污染源空氣污染陳情案件分析與因應對策之研究－以新竹工業區為例

Abstract

新竹工業區歷年來屢遭鄰近居民陳情廢氣排放污染，造成居住環境及空氣品質不佳，雖陳情檢舉次數不斷，然至今污染情形與問題仍未完全改善。因此本研究針對工業區空氣污染歷年陳情案例與稽查紀錄，進行探討分析污染問題之排放特性、來源及影響等，並研討陳情問題解決之因應對策。 本研究結果統計新竹工業區東、西兩區鄰近，皆有社區、學校及公園等群眾密集處之敏感受體座落，而以西區陳情數量較東區高出許多，東區陳情比率較低。探討西區歷年案例資料，以春夏季節(4月~9月)之白天時段為陳情頻率最高，該區主要陳情項目為惡臭異味污染，推測係因夏季日照長相對於作息活動時間增長，民眾於污染環境之暴露感知性較為偏高所致。查對工業區環境座落圖與氣象資料顯示，春夏季別盛行風向為西南風，易使區內環境氣體，由西南氣流帶往新豐火車站與新豐市區一帶；另位於工業區外鄰近新豐市區旁有一輪胎製造廠，時常造成新豐市區一帶空氣中具有橡膠味道之臭異味。據此可歸納出新豐火車站與新豐市區一帶區域屬於常態性異臭味污染區，並推論出該西區工業區、輪胎製造廠及常態性異臭味污染區，此三者形成一塊特定污染三角區域，且具有異味交叉污染之協同現象。 工業區歷年監檢測報告與工廠物料使用清單比對分析結果顯示，造成臭異味物質污染物為乙酸乙酯(水果甜味；嗅覺閾值：0.17ppm)、丙酮(薄荷甜味；嗅覺閾值：0.4ppm)及甲苯(芳香味：嗅覺閾值：0.21ppm)等揮發性有機污染物。本研究建議最有效迅速解決陳情案之因應對策是，於工業區周圍架設數座全天候24小時空氣品質監測站、氣象監測站及空氣污染物濃度偵測警示器，可即時發現即時應變掌握，使污染源污染無所遁形。

The Hsinchu Industrial Park is often complained and accused by its neighborhood for discharging air pollutants that deteriorate air quality and the environment. Although the complaint cases have never been discontinued, air pollution problems still persists. Therefore, this study aims at analyzing the emission characteristics of pollutants, sources and effects based on the complaint/reporting cases and auditing records, so that the complaint problems can be resolved. There are sensitive community, school and parks near the eastern and western areas of the park. According to the statistics, more complaint cases occur in the western that in the eastern areas. In the western areas, the frequency of complaint is the most often during daytime in the spring and summer seasons (April to August) when the working hour is long and the wind is blowing in the west-southern direction which brings gas pollutants toward Hsin-Fong railway station and downtown area. A rubber tire company outside of the district also often generates odor containing rubber smell in Hsin-Fong downtown area. Therefore the western area of the park, the rubber plant and the area near Hsin-Fong railway station and downtown form a specific region ridden with all kinds of odor. Based on historical sampling and analysis data and emission inventory, the pollutants that generate order are found to be ethyl acetate (fruit sweet taste, odor threshold：0.17 ppm), acetone (peppermint sweet taste, odor threshold：0.4 ppm), and toluene (fragrant smell, odor threshold：0.21 ppm). According to this study, the quickest way to solve the complaint/reporting cases is to setup air monitoring, metrological and pollutant alarming stations around the park for 24-h monitoring. Then the pollutant sources can be identified immediately and emergency response can be enacted right away.