砂石運輸業經營型態之研究

Abstract

由於砂石車肇事的問題受到社會各界的普遍關切，交通部為了有效管理砂石車違規及肇事的情況，於民國83年5月頒佈「砂石車安全管理方案」，針對砂石車進行各項的管制與管理措施，但根據研究顯示砂石車目前的肇事率仍較其他貨車為高，顯示其中仍有問題存在；而經營型態影響砂石運輸甚巨，因此有必要加以研究與分析。 本研究旨在了解砂石運輸業的經營型態，並探討各種經營型態間的差異；首先依照駕駛的受雇型態，將經營形態區分為「受雇於公司」、「租用公司車輛」、「自行購車靠行」與「受雇於非車行車主」四個類型，並將主要探討的項目分為「車輛」、「營業」、「勞雇關係」與「意外處理」等四個大項，並針對各種經營型態進行假說之設定，並根據假說進行問卷設計後，以「合法砂石貨運業者」為抽樣底冊進行郵寄問見調查。 經由問卷分析發現，整體而言，砂石運輸業以靠行為主，其承載的貨物單純，購買車輛時以中古車為主，貸款的償還會造成短期的現金壓力，且公司的管控能力低，安全管理狀況不佳，部分車輛及設備並未符合法規之要求，靠行車輛超齡使用的狀況較為嚴重，接受靠行公司的規模較大，卻未發揮規模經濟，且公司與駕駛之間的權責不清；受雇於公司駕駛超時工作的狀況較為嚴重；因此可針對不同的經營型態擬定不同的管理策略，以進一步增加砂石運輸之安全性。

Because the public give concernment to the high accident rates of gravel and sand (G&S ) truck, the Ministry of Transportation and Communication has developed Safety Management Act for G&S Trucks to control and manage the G&S trucks in May 1994. But studies show that recent accident rates of G&S trucks are still higher than other types of trucks. It means that there are still some problems in this issue. G&S carriers are deeply affected by their managerial types and characters. This makes a need of conducting further study and analysis in this topic. The main purpose of this study is to understand the managerial types and characters of G&S transport company, and analyze the difference characters among different managerial types. First, according to the types of employment of drivers, the managerial types are divided into “hired by the company”, “rent the trucks”, “self-own trucks”, and “hired by the truck owners”. Second, the managerial characters are classified in four categories : vehicles, business, relation between employments, and risks. Questionnaires are designed upon the hypothesis of four managerial types. The population is list of legal G&S transport companies. After the analysis and deep study, we found that “self-own trucks” is the main managerial type among G&S transport companies. The cargo that they carry is simple. Their cash flow is risky when they face the short-term payment of installment. The control over their drivers is insufficient. Some trucks or equipments are not corresponsive to standards. The percentage of overage trucks is higher in self-own truck companies. Though the size of self-own truck companies is bigger, but the scale economy does not work. The rights and duties between company and self-own truck drivers are not clarified. To the drivers that hired by the company, the overworking problem is more serious. Therefore, we can make different management action for different managerial types in later study.