高速公路城際客運轉運操作最佳化模式之構建與求解

Abstract

良好的高速公路城際客運系統是改善目前日益惡化交通狀況的方法 之一。現今高速公 路城際客運系統的營運採單一起、迄點的直達操作方 式，路線間重複路段多，對業者而言 有運能浪費之問題；對乘客而言則 因可及性不高、班次不多，而產生公路客運服務水準不 佳的感覺。面對 此種營運方式所造成的劣勢，轉運操作如運用得當便可使業者與乘客同享 轉運之利益。本研究即針對轉運系統之設計進行研究。 本研究首 先對高速公路城際客運轉運操作方式及基本理念進行瞭解，並探討轉運操 作 對高速公路城際客運系統造成之影響。本研究依系統中不同考量可分 隔為四部份，分別利 用數學規劃法進行最佳化模式之構建與求解。第一 部份單由業者層面考量，對業者而言， 轉運操作使得路線間重複路段得 以合併，並提高合併路段班車乘載績效；如此可以較少延 車里程之供應 運送相同延客里程之需求，而達成營運成本之節省。因此本階段之目標式 為 路線合併後節省之延車公里數極大化。第二部份則單由乘客層面考量 ，對乘客而言，合併 路段發車數提高，使得此路段乘客候車時間縮減， 其對於發車班距之方便感受亦隨之提昇 ；然中途停等轉運對乘客亦產生 停等、換車、不方便感受之轉車懲罰。故此一部份將引入 乘客對班距長 短感受之方便性函數，構建模式目標式為路線經轉運操作合併後，系統乘 客 方便性改善之極大化。第三部份則為同時兼顧業者與乘客雙方面的考 量。第四部份為加入 設站成本考量時轉運操作設計方式之探討。 最後以台灣西部走廊為例，將實際營運資料帶入構建之模式中進行實例應 用分析。 A well-operating intercity freeway transit system is one method of improving the worse traffic.Now the intercity freeway transit system takes direct trans- port way,every route connects single origin with single destination,some links of routes are repetitive and let the operators must face the problem - using system's capacity inefficiently.To the passengers,they feel system'a level of service is not good enough because of low accessibility and few frequency.A good transfer system can take benefits to both operators and passengers,so this thesis aims to study the design of transfer operations. At first,this study introduced the operating way and the basic concepts of transfer system.Then the modeling process was divided into four parts by diff- erent considerations and used mathematic programming method to formulate and solve this transfer problem.The first part was in terms of system operators. The passenger-ratio can be arised by combining the repetitive links of routes through transfer operations,so that the operators can supply fewer vehicle- miles to meet the same passenger-miles demand and save operating cost.So the objective function of this part was to maximize the saving vehicle-miles by transfer operations. The second part was in terms of system passengers.To the passengers,the adv- antage of transfer was reducing waiting time,so they would feel more convenie- nt.At the same time,the passengers suffered transfer penality,such like stop delay,changing vehicles at middle of trip.The author tried to build a passeng- er convenient function of headway and the objective of this part was to maxim- ize the system convenient function value which was improved by transfer opera- tion.The third part was in terms of both operators and passengers;the forth part disscused other theories should be taken when transfer facility building cost have to be considered. After the modeling process,the author used empirical data to do an empirical study and result analysis.