航空公司組織安全文化之評量

Abstract

航空公司組織安全文化隱含航空公司對安全價值的認知與行為，如何創造良好的飛安文化並加以維持，為航空公司飛安績效表現的關鍵；因此，一套能夠有效檢視航空公司自身安全文化水準、發掘文化上差異與潛在風險，同時作為持續改善的參考依據，與評量航空公司組織安全文化量表，為現今航空公司安全管理不可或缺的工具。本研究首先釐清航空公司各部門職掌與分工，將航空公司組織架構區分為管理、作業與幕僚等三個層級。同時，藉由相關文獻回顧，掌握影響航空公司組織安全文化的要素，並據此將航空公司組織安全文化從知覺、組織內部環境與行為等三個層面進行解構。透過組織架構與組織安全文化評量構面的整合，以及參閱相關文獻後研擬出的評量指標，建立完整的航空公司飛安文化評量量表。 本研究以國內一家航空公司為例，針對不同受訪層級之特性，分別採網路問卷以及紙本問卷進行調查。主要分析結果歸納如下： 一、本研究所研擬之評量量表，經相關檢定結果指出，具有良好的量表信度、內容效度與概念效度。

二、以路徑分析方法探討管理層級與作業層級（飛安直接相關單位）之主管與下屬於知覺、組織內部環境、行為三層面之關係，除主管的知覺層面對行為層面以及下屬的知覺層面對組織內部環境層面不具顯著正向影響外，其它部分皆具顯著正向影響。

三、以路徑分析方法探討幕僚層級（飛安非直接相關單位）之主管與下屬於知覺、組織內部環境、行為三層面之關係，除主管的知覺層面對組織內部環境層面以及下屬的組織內部環境層面對行為層面具顯著正向影響外，其它部分分析結果皆不具顯著影響。

四、性別與學歷對於各評量構面不具顯著差異。年齡、婚姻狀況與工作年資對於部分評量構面具顯著差異。

五、管理層級在各評量構面感受皆明顯高於作業層級與幕僚層級；主管在部份評量構面感受也明顯高於下屬。

由上述分析結果進行航空公司飛安文化之解析，證實本研究所研擬之飛安評量量表確實可行，有助於航空公司了解自身安全文化特性，並發掘潛在風險與可改善環節。

Organizational safety culture implies the recognition of safety value and ways for an airline operation and is a key factor affecting an airline safety performance. Consequently, a comprehensive airline organizational safety culture inventory which can efficiently diagnose airline safety status as well as discover culture difference and potential risk so as to enhance regular operation is a necessary tool for airline safety management. This research starts with the identification of regular operation and duties for all departments in an airline. On this basis, the organization structure of an airline is divided into three levels: management, operation and staff. Moreover, airline organizational safety culture is decomposed as three dimensions - perception, internal environment and behavior - according to literature review. Thereafter, the airline organization safety culture inventory is constructed by combing the aforementioned three organization level and three safety culture dimensions in addition to their corresponding measurements. This inventory was tested with a domestic airline and the main findings are as follows: (1)The developed inventory has good reliability, content validity and conceptual validity; (2)Results of the path analyses have shown that superiors and subordinates of management and operation levels have significant positive effect in each dimension, except those of superiors’ perception to behavior and subordinates’ perception to internal environment; (3)Superiors and subordinates of staff level had no significant effect in each dimensions, except those of superiors’ perception to internal environment and subordinates’ internal environment to behavior ; (4)Gender and education background had no significant difference in each dimension, but age, marital status, and work experience had shown significant difference in some dimensions; (5)The dimension scores of management level was obviously higher than other levels and some of the dimension scores of superiors was higher than subordinates’. The analysis results show that the constructed airline organization safety inventory is practicable and helpful for understanding the features of an airline organizational safety culture as well as discovering the deficiency of regular operation of an airline.