機電工程成本估算方法之探討

Abstract

機電顧問如果能提供正確的機電工程成本估算結果，除能提升工程施工品質外，更可減少未來建築物營運成本。本研究主要將針對業主及設計單位，經由相關文獻收集、工程個案彙整、專家訪談與個人工作經驗探討等方式，以機電工程成本估算方法為主軸，依序從機電工程標單預算主體架構、設計組織組成方式、設計單位與投標廠商對成本估算觀念與作法上差異，做有條理性的探討，以期彌補營建管理學術研究領域中，在此部份研究不足之處，而主要研究重點包含下列幾點： 1. 機電工程成本架構說明 機電工程成本組成架構，其主要分類方式以系統所能提供之功能為主，例如電氣工程能提供使用者用電相關需求，而空調工程能維持使用者生活及工作環境之空氣品質，而此種成本估算架構，與一般建築預算編列採用材料特性及使用用途分項方式有所差異。在進行機電工程成本估算方法探討之前，本研究先針對其成本組成架構內容及相關估算項目作業方式進行說明，並對其部份工項估算特色(如工資與雜項部份)提供較為深入之分析，以建立本論文研究基礎。 2. 設計組織型式對機電工程成本估算結果之影響 對於機電設計而言，在目前市場上較常採用的設計組織方式有二種，一種是直接與業主簽約模式，另一種是與建築師簽約模式，在不同的設計組成型態，本研究希望就個人在此方面工作經驗，以分析比較方式，整理出影響因素及其優劣點，提供業主決定設計團隊組成方式參考，主要目的在於減少因不當設計組織，而影響機電工程成本估算正確性。另就機電工程成本估算流程，蒐集相關完工案例造價數據，如能於工程概算估算過程加上合理的工程造價比例做為參考，能減少工程預算與實際支出成本間之誤差，減少業主工程投資風險。 3. 機電工程成本估算作業流程影響分析 在實際機電工程成本估算作業流程中，主要包含工程概算及預算二階段，而工程概算之正確性，將影響業主相關投資資金運用風險，而工程預算部份，其目的為協助業主於工程發包階段，提供合理工程發包價格比較基準，作為與投標廠商間議價之價格參考依據。本研究將藉由專家訪談方式，從不同工程成本估算作業方式進行比較，由其間差異分析對成本估算結果產生之影響，再由設計單位與投標廠商對於不同成本估算作業方式及成本角度，如何於預算與投標價格中取得平衡，在了解市場上實際運作機制後，作為設計單位提升成本估算正確性之參考。另建築與機電成本估算之方法,因工程特性之差異而有所不同，期藉由兩者間相互比較之方式，尋求機電成本估算方法可參考改進之處。 本研究將透過上述三項重點，依據機電工程成本估算流程之相關變數因子進行比較分析，有條理的說明相關因素及可能產生之影響，目的希望能協助業主及設計單位，能以更有效率及更正確的估算方式對機電工程成本進行管控，達到提升施工品質及有效節省與控制未來營運成本之目標。

If the electromechanical consultant could provide accurate Cost Estimation of Electromechanical Engineering, not only could we promote the quality of engineering construction, but also we could cut down the operating costs of building materials in the future. The research aims at property owners and design organizations to do methodic exploration in serial model on mainstay frame of Electromechanical Engineering list budget, configuration mode of design origination, designs origination, the different notions and operations between firms bid for engineering. The exploration is based on related literature collection, arrangement of engineering individual cases, expert interview, personal work experience etc. in order to compensate for the deficiencies in academic research field of construction management. The important points of research are as follows:

1. Introduction of Electromechanical Engineering Cost Frame

The component frame of Electromechanical Engineering Cost is mainly classified by the function provided by system, for example, Electrical Engineering could satisfy the user’s related electrical demands while Air Conditioning Engineering could provide air quality of life and working environments that user requires. This kind of Cost Estimation frame is different from the general prepare budget of constriction which is on the basis of material property and application. Before the exploration on Cost Estimation method of Electromechanical Engineering, the research aims to introduce its content of component frame and mode of operation of related estimation terms and then do deep analysis on its partial engineering characteristics (such as salary and sundries etc.) in order to establish the research foundation of this thesis.

2. Influence of Design Organization Type on Cost Estimation of Electromechanical Engineering

In terms of electromechanical design, there are two models of design organization that commonly used in the market: one is to sign the contract directly with the property owners and the other is to sign the contract with architects. According to the different design component model, the research is expected to find out the influence factors and its advantages and disadvantages by analysis approach, which is based on personal working experience in this aspect in order to provide the property owners with reference of their decisions on design group. The main purpose of the research is to reduce the chance of inaccurate Cost Estimation of Electromechanical Engineering that results from improper design organization. In addition, the research also has collected the related data of cost of construction cases when referring to the Cost Estimation of Electromechanical Engineering. If we take reference the course of construction estimation and reasonable construction cost, we could decrease the error of construction budget and cost of actual expenditure in order to reduce the rate of investment risk for property owners.

3. Influence of Flow of Operation of Electromechanical Engineering Cost Estimation

In the actual flow of operation of Electromechanical Engineering Cost Estimation, there are two phases: Engineering estimation and budget. The accurate of engineering estimation will affect the property owner’s related application risk of investment fund, while Engineering budget is used to provide the property owner with reasonable comparison standard of Engineering Bid in the phase of Engineering Bid, which could be the price reference for the property owner to bargain with the firm that bids for engineering. The research does the comparison based on different operation model of engineering Cost Estimation by means of expert interview. The research analyzes the comparison difference’s effect on Cost Estimation and explores how to balance the budget and bidding price in the aspects of the different Cost Estimation models and cost between design originations and bidding firms, which could be taken as reference for accurate Cost Estimation of design organizations on the basis of actual market operation mechanism. For there are some differences in the aspect of engineering property, the research aims to seek for the improvement of electromechanical Cost Estimation model through the comparison between design organizations and bidding firms.

Through the three points mentioned above, the research does comparison and analysis on the related variable factors of the flow of Electromechanical Engineering Cost Estimation. By the means of methodic explanation on relater factors and possible influences, the research expects to assist the property owners and design organizations in managing Electromechanical Engineering cost in a more efficient and accurate way in order to improve construction quality and effectively save and control operating cost in the future.