我國與韓國高科技公司對外投資競爭策略與佈局比較

Abstract

在過去，韓國一直與我國發展的步調是相近的，近年來，韓國政府逐漸重視與發展高科技產業，給予企業各方面良好優渥的發展環境。在南韓IT產業中居市場領導地位之首位的便是三星集團，其商業領域包含了半導體、液晶螢幕、通信產業、資訊家電、電腦週邊產品等等。三星以大規模發展，整合上下游產業，並以垂直整合的方式來經營，可以有效達到降低成本，及有效控制材料之提供。本文之目的在於比較在當紅的高科技業中，以半導體、手機和面板產業為主要研究之產業，而臺灣分別選出位於該產業龍頭的企業與其做比較，分別是南亞科技、明基電通和友達光電。我國廠商的優勢在於上、中、下游垂直分工體系完整，知識的流通速度快，對於市場變化的反應速度敏捷，同時在創新的強度、彈性較大。而韓國廠商的優勢則在技術專利的取得與學習能力較強，研發能力也比台灣佔上風且韓國企業之產品因重視規模量產而在價格上非常具有競爭性，對於我國科技業者的市場競爭甚具威脅性。因此，必需瞭解我國廠商在未來投資本身所具有的優勢、劣勢，及可能面臨的機會或威脅。本篇研究方法將結合M-I-T架構並應用於M-O-T方法之驅動力分析法，再藉由SWOT策略矩陣分析並輔以文獻研究法（Literature Survey Method）為研究的主要方式。先由台灣及韓國的國家背景、產業背景來敘述台灣及韓國高科技產業發展的歷史、路徑，以市場（Markets）、機構(Institutions)、技術（Technologies）為三構面來分析顧企業發展策略及軌跡，找出彼競爭的方式及策略聯盟。最後個案分析則以M-O-方法結合SWOT策略矩陣加以找出各企業的優勢、劣勢、機會、威脅。目的是以策略形態分析法為基礎，去發展一個可以更深入分析、吸納更多觀念的架構，希望可以找出一個給臺灣企業競合策略。

In the past, compared to Taiwan, Korea had very similar paths in economic development. In recently year, the Korean government has paid more and more attention to high-technology industries and supplied very comfortable environment to high-tech firms. The leader firm in Korean high-technology industry is “Samsaung group”, its business categories includes semi-conductor, TFT-LCD, telecommunication, electric appliance, and computer related product industries. Samsung integrates all companies in each industry and takes advantage of vertical integration to reduce costs and keep raw materials in its control. The purpose of this paper is to compare Taiwan with Korea in high-tech industries, such as semi-conductor, TFT-LCD and mobile phone industries. The leader firms in Taiwan in these three industries respectively are Naya, Benq and AUO. The advantages in Taiwanese high-technological firms are that divisions of every industry are complete, knowledge flows are fast-moving, reactions to changes in market are quick, and the intensity and flexibility of innovation are bigger. The advantages in Korean high-technological firms are that the ability to get intelligent patent and learn is greater, and research and development is much more improved and advanced, too. Because the Korean firms take advantage of mass production to reduce their price, it is very threatening to Taiwanese firms. As a result, we need to know what are strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of our firms. The methodology of this paper is combined M-I-T triple helix structure and SWOT strategy matrix. First, M-I-T (Markets-Institutions-Technologies) triple helix structure is used to analyze the past history and development of high-tech industries. Second, M-O-T method is used in case study to check and analyze the strategies and paths of companies. Finally, SWOT strategy matrix is used to find out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of companies and develop competitive and collaborative strategies for these companies.