網站建置標準流程之需求管理的研究與探討─以大型研究機構為例

Abstract

隨著網際網路(Internet)應用的蓬勃發展，企業可即時的將分散於世界各地的有用資源統籌串連起來，而各式各樣的網路活動，在在顯示了網際網路已成功地成為資訊來源及電子商務的作業平台，因此網際網路已經成為最具影響力的媒體之一了，因此網站也成為了目前重要的應用技術之一。 和一般人熟悉的軟體一樣，網站也是需要一套標準建置流程來建立的；而網站建置流程是源自於軟體建置流程，有研究指出，眾多的軟體專案無法完全發揮原先預定功能的原因中，其中缺乏使用者的參與、需求與規格的不完整及需求與規格的變更就佔了大多數。而網站專案相對於單純的軟體開發專案而言，網站專案更為複雜與不確定，如果能夠在網站建置專案的初期就積極的進行需求管理，除了能夠減少規格變更的風險產生之外，避免造成專案時程的延遲與成本的耗損。 目前在軟體的部分，已有許多評量軟體流程的標準或是工具，例如CMMI或者ISO等等，這些標準或是工具均能協助企業、組織或是軟體建置團隊能夠針對需求管理流程進行評量或是改善原有的流程；但是在網站建置的部分，除了沒有可以參考的標準流程，造成企業或是組織在建置網站時沒有一套標準來作為參考與評量，當然就更缺乏對於需求管理的研究與探討了。因此本論文主要是藉由國內的大型研究機構的大量網站規劃建置的專案經驗，以及該機構原先依循ISO標準，所建立了一套網站的建置流程標準的前提下，探討此套流程標準是否符合專案管理與CMMI的概念進行需求管理，除此之外，是否另有改善的空間及方案，以降低建置的成本，可提昇網站建置的後續效益。

With the tremendous growth and change in the Internet, enterprise can benefit from the improved use of all information widely spread on the Internet and collect them in a timely fashion. It can be seen from our daily activities that the Internet has successfully become a new platform for information gathering and e-commerce. Therefore, it has been one of the largest media that has great influence on our daily life. Among those technologies introduced on the Internet, web has played a very important role.

Just like the approach people use in developing desktop software, web site construction also need a standard process to carry out. Most of the process of building a web-site originates from software engineering. There are some researches pointing out that the software project which could not meet the goals for functionality results from, for the most part, the lack of user participation, incompletion of requirements and specifications, and frequent change of specifications. Compared with traditional software project, web site construction is more complex and uncertain. If the requirement management can be put into practice at early stage during the process of building a web site, we can reduce the risk of specification change as well as the delay of project and cost made for the process. There are various standards or tools for software process assessment today, such as CMMI and ISO. They help people from enterprise, organization or software development team to carry out the process of requirement assessment or to improve their original process. However, no standard was made specifically for web site construction to assist enterprise or organization to do assessment when establishing a web site, especially for requirement management. This thesis is based on the process of web site construction defined by a large research institute which builds up many web sites and has derived a standard process from ISO to meet their requirements. We focus on whether this standard process fits in with the concept of CMMI and Project Management to do requirement management and see if there is space left for improvement to reduce the cost during setting up a web site.