影響船東創新採用船舶大型化之因素研究─以台灣地區定期航線貨櫃船公司為例

Abstract

本論文研製之動機在於近年來由於規模經濟，世界各國的研究機構接二連三地開發設計下一代巨型貨櫃船，船公司間相繼激起一股訂造貨櫃船熱浪，可預期的是，在未來幾年海運市場競爭程度將是相當激烈的。但在「船舶大型化」積極發展的此刻，究竟貨櫃船大型化到底應該到什麼程度？以及面對大型貨櫃船營運所帶來的一系列問題，諸如碼頭設施、航線規劃、市場需求，是否會影響船東對「船舶大型化」的採用。 有鑑於此，本研究嘗試藉由分析貨櫃船公司對船舶大型化發展的需求以及貨櫃運輸市場環境現況之探討，透過Roger's創新採用理論，作為未來對「船舶大型化」接受程度之推論；並嘗試探討對「船舶大型化」有接受意願的貨櫃船公司，分析探究其影響評估採用的因素為何，除做為下一代最適貨櫃船舶大小的推論，更用以提供位居第一線的船公司對其未來營運企劃佈署之參考。 本研究採用結構式問卷調查法蒐集資料，以台灣地區定期航線貨櫃船公司為對象進行研究，收集有效樣本135份；在分析方法上，以因素分析（Factor Analysis）、變異數分析（ANOVA）等統計方法，對蒐集之樣本資料進行分析後有以下發現： （1）在接受過程中，約7.9成的受訪者聽過「船舶大型化」;在定期航線貨櫃船公司中，約4.9成的貨櫃船公司已經採用大型化貨櫃船舶，約7.7成的貨櫃船公司已經進行評估採用的可能性，顯示船舶大型化的重要性已經廣泛的被貨櫃船公司重視；在採用時程方面，約6.3成的受訪者認為會在2年內會採用大型化的貨櫃船舶。 （2）在產業特性方面，受訪者普遍認為下一代的最適貨櫃船舶大小應在8,000~12,000 TEU，在航線規劃方面，多數認為以鐘擺航線，5~10個樞紐港的經營方式居多數。 （3）在貨櫃運輸市場因素方面，可歸納成「碼頭調度作業」、「市場行銷機能」、「貨櫃設備及資金」、「航商形象與人員素質」、「資訊能力」、「物流運送作業」、「貨載追蹤與回應」及「簡便性」等八個因素構面。 （4）「創新特性」中的相對優勢、未來發展潛力；「組織特性」中的高階主管支持；「環境特性」中的競爭性、同業使用狀況；「個人特性」中的高階主管專業知識等因素，對貨櫃船公司在「創新採用」船舶大型化有顯著影響。

As a result of the economies of scale, not only the worldwide development facility one after another design the next ultra-large vessel, but also the shipping company struggle to make an order for container ships in recent years. We can anticipate that the marine transportation market will highly compete in the near future. How large-scale vessel will be accepted by shipping company and whether the business environment such as wharf facility, route plan, market demand, may affect the shipowner adopting ultra-large vessel? The purposes of the study expect to understand the shipping company demand and probe the factors in the situations of transportation environment with the Roger's innovation theory that decide option of adopting ultra-large vessel. The objects of study are the liner container shipping business in Taiwan and collect 135 valid questionnaires. Factor analysis and ANOVA was adopted to verify the hypotheses. The results of the study are as follows: 1. Among adopting situation, there are about 79% of participants heard the keyword ‘ultra-large vessel’. About 49% of liner container shipping business already adopt the ultra-large vessel and about 63% would adopt in next two years. 2. Among industry, most participants would adopt the capacity of ultra-large vessel is 8,000~12,000 TEU. In the sailing plan, they prefer the pendulum route with calling 5~10 hub ports. 3. Among transportation market variables, it can be concluded in eight dimensions. 4. For liner container shipping business, “relative advantage,” “develop potential in future,“ “top management support,” “competitiveness,” “behavior in same business,” “the professional knowledge of top manager,” were important determinants of the decision to adopt.