我國H海運公司貨櫃定期航線技術效率分析

Abstract

本文使用translog隨機邊界生產函數，探討我國H海運公司各定期貨櫃航線的技術效率及其影響因素。針對個案公司所屬歐洲、美洲、亞洲及大西洋等四個航區21條定期航線，2003至2006年的季資料進行分析後發現，2004年之效率最差，2006年最佳；若以航程別區分，去程航線較回程航線有效率；另以航區別區分時，亞洲區航線最有效率，歐洲區航線次之，大西洋區航線再次之，美洲區航線效率最低。航程與航區之交叉分析顯示，亞洲航線之去、回航程技術效率最高。另外，在季節因素方面，第一季之平均技術效率最佳，第四季最低。最後，個案公司各航線處在規模報酬遞增階段，擴大服務規模可降低平均成本，其中尤以海勤人員的產出彈性相對最高，凸顯出人力資源在提供航運服務過程的重要性。異於過去相關文獻大多以廠商或產業爲探討對象，本研究以較難取得的公司內部航線資料進行分析，一方面希望提供更貼近管理階層經營決策之資訊；另一方面，或可促使此領域文獻更爲豐富。

This study investigates the technical efficiency and its influential factors of a liner shipping company in Taiwan by using the translog stochastic frontier production function. According to an analysis on the company's operations data of 21 routes in regions of Europe, America, Asia, and Atlantic from Years 2003 to 2006, we have the following conclusions: (1) for trend analysis, Year 2006 has the best efficiency while Year 2004 is the worst; (2) the efficiency measure of outbound operations is greater than that of inbound operations; (3) by regional analysis, the efficiency score of Asian routes is the highest, followed by European routes and Atlantic routes, while that of American routes is the lowest; (4) for seasonal factor, we found that the efficiency score of the first quarter is the best, while the fourth quarter lies in the other extreme; and (5) the company's routes are at the stage of increasing return to scale, thus the expansion of operation scale would decrease average costs, furthermore, we also find that crew members have the greatest production elastic, which implies the importance of human resource management in the whole operation. Unlike previous investigations were generally conducted on an industrial basis, the present study directly analyzes a company's operations data, attempting to provide more relevant information for the management in making decision and for the government in formulating policies of ocean cargo transportation.