從海盜邦到耕作村：國家主權下香港的海岸與農地敘述

Abstract

本文探討香港對本身社會的一些想像，可以被理解為與國家論述交涉甚至對抗的聲音。本文集中討論香港過去的海盜敘述與現在的農地敘述。稱這些為「敘述」，因為它們只能向外在環境投射一些想像，只是些模糊信念，不是統一連貫的意識形態系統。這些故事敘述的內容自相矛盾、犯駁，因為它們往往是集體經驗與想法的混合體，而不是深思熟慮的創作。在張保仔的傳奇裡，海盜組織是50年代香港難民社會的縮影。海盜故事敘述最吸引香港人的，是海盜從沒有政治意識形態的束縛。左右逢源以取得自主的求生狀態，被香港的敘述吸納，投射為在中西之間擔任買辦的殖民地故事。二十一世紀面對不斷壯大的中國主權國勢力，香港出現了另一種尚在起步的農地敘述。它不僅是關於農田耕作的，更與整體的香港土地使用有關。抗衡中國政府的霸權，香港農地故事敘述可以被視為一種本地充權、試圖重建社群的欲望。這種敘述鼓吹復興農業，並嵌入了不少當下世界的流行理念，例如生態運動、有機耕作、食物自主與安全、環保意識、文化保育等等。當代世界已經愈來愈受國家政府的控制、管治，逃離的空間似乎變得不可能，但這些敘述即使只是一種幻想，也可以讓本已被遺忘抹掉的東西若隱若現，造就看似不可能的改變。

While historical narrative of a society has been overwhelmingly framed by the nation-state, there has been a different mode of depicting the past as well as the present in the fugitive society of Hong Kong. This essay examines how the romantic narrative of pirates in the past and the agrarian narrative at the present have captured the imagination of many Hong Kong people. Narrative in this context is understood as something yet to establish itself as a coherent ideological subjectivization but constitutes certain imaginary relations to the external conditions, or functions as a socially symbolic praxis. The content of such narrative could be conflicting in itself, revealing it is more a product of diverse collective experience and thinking than any consistent project. The essay analyzes how the maritime piracy on the southern Chinese coasts has been appropriated in the Hong Kong regional narrative to parallel Hong Kong collective imaginary as well as real situations. The pirate society was assumed as the epitome of Hong Kong refugee society of the 1950s, projecting freedom from the state control or any sovereign authority. The essay also looks at an inchoate agrarian narrative about Hong Kong facing up the looming power of the Chinese sovereign state after the 1997 handover. Such agrarian alternative seeks to secure Hong Kong community as an autonomous place by advocating the revival of farming activities in order to voice the dissent from the increasingly centralized rule by embedding sentiment for the locality within a series of modern global discourses, such as ecology movements, organic farming, food sovereignty, environmentalism, and preservation of heritage. Although these non-state narratives may be criticized as phantasy, they may effect as potential events that allow something to be reproduced under oblivion.