高速公路事故排除時間影響因子之研究

Abstract

在長途旅次使用高速公路比率逐年增加的情況下，縮短高速公路上事故排除時間係目前重要的課題。本研究收集101年11月至102年2月，大台中都會區國道1號與國道3號高速公路上，共1335件之交通事故資料：其中國道1號共933件，國道3號共422件。頻率統計發現平均事故排除時間為19分鐘，而事故排除時間的範圍大多落在0分鐘至35分鐘之間，占全部事故的 94%。利用存活分析法中的Cox等比例危險模式，找出高速公路上事故排除時間的顯著影響變數，並構建兩者之關係。結果顯示：在國道1號與國道3號上，事故後占用越多車道、涉及越多車輛以及受傷人數越多，皆與事故排除時間呈現正相關；晚上相較於白天事故排除時間也較長。是否需工務段出勤協助排除事故只在國道1號上呈現顯著影響，且如需工務段協勤之事故排除時間較長。協助救護之管轄消防局與事故現場間之距離則在兩條高速公路上皆顯著與事故排除時間呈現正相關，亦即救護距離會影響事故排除時間。

The proportion of long-distance trips using freeways has been increasing over the years. Thus to shorten the clearance time of freeway incidents becomes an important issue. In this research, 1335 cases in total were collected of accidents from Sun Yat-Sen Freeway and Formosa Freeway from November, 2012 to February, 2013 around the Taichung Metropolitan Area, including 933 on Sun Yat-Sen Freeway and 422 on Formosa Freeway. The average accident clearance time is 19 minutes, with the majority ranging between 0 to 35 minutes, which accounted for 94% of the sample. The Cox proportional hazard model of survival analysis was used. On both Yat-Sen Freeway and Formosa Freeway, if an accident interferes more traffic lanes, involves more vehicles, or has more numbers of injuries, the longer the clearance time of freeway incidents occurs. Moreover, it needs longer clearance time if the accident happens at night than in daytime. It shows that the need of the Public Works Section attendance is significantly correlated with the clearance time positively on Sun Yat-Sen Freeway. It also shows that the distance from a closest Fire Department for ambulance assistance is significant and positively correlated with the clearance time of freeway incidents on both of the freeways.