Browsing by Author "Chang, Emmy T. Y."

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New free-air and Bouguer gravity fields of Taiwan from multiple platforms and sensors
(2014-01-25)
Hwang, Cheinway
;
Hsu, Hung-Jui
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Chang, Emmy T. Y.
;
Featherstone, W. E.
;
Tenzer, Robert
We construct 1' x 1' grids of free-air and Bouguer gravity anomalies around Taiwan with well-defined error estimates for quality assessment. The grids are compiled from land, airborne and shipbome gravity measurements, augmented with altimeter gravity at sea. Three sets of relative land gravity measurements are network-adjusted and outlier-edited, yielding accuracies of 0.03-0.09 mGal. Three airborne gravity sets are collected at altitudes 5156 and 1620 m with accuracies of 2.57-2.79 mGal. Seven offshore shipborne gravity campaigns around Taiwan and its offshore islands yield shallow-water gravity values with 0.88-2.35 mGal accuracies. All data points are registered with GPS-derived geodetic coordinates at cm-dm accuracies, allowing for precise gravity reductions and computing gravity disturbances. The various datasets are combined by the band-limited least-squares collocation in a one-step procedure. In the eastern mountainous (or offshore) region, Bouguer anomalies and density contrasts without considering the oceanic (or land) topographic contribution are underestimated. The new grids show unprecedented tectonic features that can revise earlier results, and can be used in a broad range of applications. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Seafloor secrets revealed
(2014-10-03)
Hwang, Cheinway
;
Chang, Emmy T. Y.
;
交大名義發表
;
土木工程學系
;
National Chiao Tung University
Vertical crustal motion of active plate convergence in Taiwan derived from tide gauge, altimetry, and GPS data
(2012-11-20)
Chang, Emmy T. Y.
;
Chao, Benjamin F.
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Chiang, Chieh-Chung
;
Hwang, Cheinway
;
土木工程學系
Located at the converging junction between the Eurasian and Philippine Sea plates, the island of Taiwan is subject to an active lithospheric deformation as well as seismicity. Taking the difference between the satellite altimetry data (ALT) that give the absolute sea level variation and the tide gauge data (TG) that record the relative sea level variation, we obtain the absolute vertical crustal motion of the tide gauge sites. We use 20 TO stations along the west and east coasts of Taiwan along with the ALT measurements from the TOPEX/Poseidon-Jason satellites in the nearby waters. The ALT-TG results are compared with vertical GPS measurements in discussing vertical motion. We find a general subsidence of the entire Taiwan coast during the past two decades. The west coast sees no prominent vertical motion but with a severe local subsidence due to the over-withdrawal of groundwater. On the east coast, the ALT-TG results in the northern section demonstrate a northward dipping motion. The elastic thickness of the neighboring oceanic lithosphere modeled as an elastic plate with the flexure of the subducting plate shows that the adjacent Philippine Sea plate should be an old, thick oceanic plate, which could drag the slab into the mantle as manifested in a gentle northward subsidence in the northeast Taiwan. In the southern section of the east coast, the ALT-TG results reveal a segmented or undulating pattern in the vertical-motion rates, judging from the different behaviors between the co-seismic and interseismic vertical motions marked by the major earthquakes during the studied period, we postulate a temporal saw-tooth scenario for the deformation in phases. It demonstrates the opposite motions under different mechanisms in the frontal sections of the subduction zone, which can be understood with lateral collision and slab dragging subject to varied temporal and spatial dependences. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.