Browsing by Author "Chang, Ming-Chung"

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A long-term meta-frontier analysis of energy and emission efficiencies between G7 and BRICS
(2018-04-01)
Chang, Ming-Chung
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Hu, Jin-Li
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
The current concern over energy utilization and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions can be surveyed by investigating potential energy savings and potential emissions reduction in order to emit less greenhouse gases (GHG), thus allowing countries to create economic growth while at the same time preventing global warming and mitigating climate change. The main objective of this paper is to analyze long-term potential energy savings, potential emissions reduction, and long-term technology gaps on energy utilization and CO2 emissions in G7 and BRICS during 2000-2014. The paper also sets up an index to measure convergence or divergence in the technology gaps on energy utilization and CO2 emissions. The results conclude that the UK, Italy, and France have the smallest overall technology gap, while the largest overall technology gap appears in South Africa, Russia, and the USA. To this end, the technology gap on energy utilization in BRICS is improving in recent years.
A metafrontier pollution efficiency analysis of Taiwan's administrative regions
(2019-06-10)
Chang, Ming-Chung
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Hu, Jin-Li
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Chen, Ching-Hsin
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
This study proposes a two-stage approach to perform metafrontier analysis of the pollution efficiency of administrative regions in Taiwan during 2004-2015. The empirical research shows that New Taipei City and Taipei City have the best performances in terms of metafrontier efficiency and the technology gap ratio. In addition, the average score for pollution efficiency in municipalities is higher than that in non municipalities for three environmental management indices. However, the metropolitan and non metropolitan regions face different environmental problems in that the former should pay attention to sewage treatment, while the latter should focus attention on preventing air pollution. Finally, Taiwan presents disparity in the environmental technology gap ratio between these two types of regions. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
An analysis of a feed-in tariff in Taiwan's electricity market
(2013-01-01)
Chang, Ming-Chung
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Hu, Jin-Li
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Han, Tsung-Fu
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
For the earth's sustainable development, the proportion of power generated by renewable resources has risen, whereas the proportion of power generated by fossil fuel has fallen. Many small-sized power plants that generate power through renewable resources sell power to large-size traditional power plants that generate power using fossil fuel. In this study we employ the Stackelberg framework to analyze the feed-in tariff (FIT) regime in which a traditional power plant purchases power from a small-size green power plant. We conclude that such a FIT regime causes social welfare to decrease when the marginal cost of the public power plant decreases and the public power plant purchases too much renewable power. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
DECISION MAKING ON STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY LICENSING: FIXED-FEE VERSUS ROYALTY LICENSING METHODS
(2009-09-01)
Chang, Ming-Chung
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Hu, Jin-Li
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Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung
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經營管理研究所
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科技管理研究所
Because of a deterioration in the quality of the environment, this paper studies the effects of the environment and the economy on environmental technology licensing in a homogeneous Cournot duopoly model in order to reduce environmental pollution and hence improve social welfare. To this end, two licensing methods - namely, a fixed-fee licensing method and a royalty licensing method - are compared. It is found that a high emission tax rate induces the innovator to not license the environmental technology to the licensee under the fixed-fee licensing method. As for social welfare, a large innovation scale of environmental technology does not guarantee that social welfare will be maximized. Finally, a large innovation scale of environmental technology is likely to increase consumer surplus if the marginal environmental damage is significant. Consumers are likely to prefer royalty licensing to fixed-fee licensing. This conclusion differs from Wang's finding in 2002.
ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF REFILL PACKS
(2012-10-01)
Chang, Ming-Chung
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Hu, Jin-Li
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Lee, Mei-Yu
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
It is common sense that refill packs can increase the repeated use of durable goods, reduce resource waste and be conducive to environmental protection. However, their existence also has an economic effect. For instance, we find that the profit of a monopolistic firm will increase as a result of selling the refill packs when the depreciation rate of the durable good is low. In an extension of the model, we point out that there is an entrant that competes with the incumbent in relation to the composite goods and the refill packs. In order to compete in terms of the prices of the composite goods, the incumbent sells the refill packs not only to increase profit, but also to reduce the amount of waste resulting from the durable goods. As for competing in regard to the prices of the refill packs, if the cost of the composite goods is small, then the incumbent's profit from selling the composite goods will increase. By comparing two extensions of the model, we find that the environmental effect of the price competition in regard to the refill packs is greater than the environmental effect of the price competition in relation to the composite goods.
Energy Efficiency of the Baltic Sea Countries: An Application of Stochastic Frontier Analysis
(2019-01-01)
Hsiao, Wen-Ling
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Hu, Jin-Li
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Hsiao, Chan
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Chang, Ming-Chung
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管理科學系
Using the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) model, this research measures total-factor energy efficiency (TFEE) and disaggregate input efficiency for 10 countries across the Baltic Sea from 2004 to 2014. Real capital, labor, energy use, and carbon dioxide (CO2) are input variables, real gross domestic product (GDP) is the output variable, and renewable energy consumption and urban population are the environmental variables. The results provide not only the TFEE scores, in which statistical noise is considered, but also the determinants of inefficiency, which show the following. (i) Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Latvia perform better with respect to energy efficiency than other countries in the Baltic Sea Region. (ii) Interestingly, the average energy use efficiency scores from 2004 to 2014 in the 10 Baltic countries exhibit a gradual upward trend except for 2009. (iii) For the inefficiency estimates, higher renewable energy consumption and urban population correspond to higher TFEE scores.
Inconsistent preferences in environmental protection investment and the central government's optimal policy
(2011)
Chang, Ming-Chung
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Hu, Jin-Li
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
Environmental protection plans cannot succeed without full cooperation among related units. However, inconsistent investment preferences toward environmental protection increase the damage to the environment. This article employs the contract mechanism to analyse environmental protection effects when the central government directly subsidizes the local governments. The results reveal that subsidies from the central government are not only unable to solve the problem of the inconsistent investment preferences among the central and local governments but also induce the free-riding behaviour of local governments. Because of the free-riding behaviour of the local governments, there is no such equilibrium in which the central government prefers the sequential investment mode while the local governments prefer the simultaneous investment mode.
Performance estimation of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions for sustainable development in Baltic Sea countries
(2016-12-15)
Chang, Ming-Chung
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Hu, Jin-Li
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Jan, Fang-Guan
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
This paper argues that many past studies have only been concerned with efficiency and not with the efficiency achievement ratio, whereas information on Baltic Sea countries\' energy or environmental efficiency has always been based on studies that focus on different research objectives, but do not include all the Baltic Sea countries. Hence, the main aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the achievement ratios for energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions on both energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions by including all Baltic Sea countries as a case study and constructing new static and dynamic efficiency indices. The study\'s results show that the 2008 Global Financial Crisis,resulted in low achievement ratios for energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, and the conclusion is that since a lot of attention has been paid to staving off an economic downturn, the Global Financial Crisis may in fact have stalled actions to combat carbon dioxide emissions and energy over-consumption. In addition, the Baltic Sea countries should strengthen energy management on the demand side. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Projecting the Target Quantity of Medical Staff in Taiwan's Administrative Regions by the Theory of Carrying Capacity
(2020-05-01)
Hu, Jin-Li
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Chang, Ming-Chung
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Chung, Hsin-Jung
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
As physicians and nurses are the main medical staff in any healthcare system, an appropriate medical workforce distribution is crucial for an aging society. This study thus applies the theory of carrying capacity and the given demand side to explore the carrying capacity, carrying efficiency, and potential adjustment ratio of medical staff in Taiwan's administrative regions by using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach in which a lower carrying efficiency implies a higher shortage ratio. The main findings are as follows. (i) The carrying efficiency of Taiwan's medical staff is weakening year by year, while the carrying efficiency of the country's nurses is lower than that of physicians. (ii) The outlying islands of Taiwan have a more serious shortage of physicians and nurses than the main island. (iii) The central government should encourage more physicians and nurses to work in regions with a low carrying efficiency.
Resource Efficiency and Productivity Changes in the G7 and BRICS Nations
(2018-01-01)
Chang, Ming-Chung
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Hu, Jin-Li
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Chang, Heng-Chu
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
Energy consumption growth and greenhouse effect deterioration have caused an argument about who should lead the global climate change duty between industrialized and emerging countries. This study investigates the resource efficiency differences between nations in the Group of Seven (G7) and in an association of 5 major emerging economic bodies, including Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS). This study applies the data envelopment analysis approach to finding the BRICS group's advantages and pointing out what the G7 group should pay attention to in the future. The conclusion shows that the BRICS group has better technical efficiency improvement than the G7 group, and that the BRICS group is moving toward high energy efficiency. Findings show that the G7 suffers from technical deterioration, with some G7 members also presenting the phenomenon of high emissions.
The congestion total-factor energy efficiency of regions in Taiwan
(2017-11-01)
Hu, Jin-Li
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Chang, Ming-Chung
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Tsay, Hui-Wen
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
This study applies the congestion total-factor energy efficiency model to analyze the energy efficiency of 20 administrative regions in Taiwan from 2004 to 2013, by studying four kinds of energies: amount of electricity for manufacturing industry use, amount of electricity consumed for lighting, amount of gasoline sales, and amount of diesel sales. The main findings are that: (i) in terms of these four energies, only Taipei City, Taitung County, and Penghu County among the 20 administrative regions exhibit no phenomenon of energy input congestion during the whole data period; (ii) more attention should be put on energy efficiency improvement in diesel use than on electricity for manufacturing industry use, electricity consumption for lighting, and gasoline usage; and (iii) the energy efficiency outcomes in Taiwan correlate to the country's regional development features such as its tourist regions, including Taitung County and Penghu County, which have nature, green, and environmental protection characteristics.