Browsing by Author "Chang, PL"

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A conceptual framework for managing end-user computing by the total quality management strategy
(1997-02-01)
Chang, PL
;
Shen, PD
;
管理學院
;
管理科學系
;
College of Management
As organizations face diverse changes, staff members require increasing amounts of information to manage task uncertainty and complexity. Information technology continues to improve. End-users using, developing and establishing application systems - referred to as end-user computing (EUC) - have grown rapidly in organizations. Although EUC can improve an organization's effectiveness, its resistance to control keeps it from bringing the expected benefits and often results in wasted investment. Organizations implementing total quality management (TQM) objectives are those which are boosting quality and effectiveness throughout the organization. The essence of TQM is a convergence management process, while EUC's essence is that of diverging innovation. This paper proposes a framework for managing EUC under TQM, thinking that the TQM strategy can solve the problems and risks produced in EUC. In view of the need for high quality information, implementation of TQM can contribute continuous improvement to EUC activity. Applying the EUC empowerment concept can enforce autonomy and responsibility in EUC activity and increase the satisfaction of the organization's internal and external customers. The result is that EUC retains its inherent freedom and flexibility, alongside the quality culture and high quality information produced under TQM.
A qualitative review of doctoral dissertations on management in Taiwan
(1997-03-01)
Chang, PL
;
Hsieh, PN
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管理學院
;
管理科學系
;
College of Management
The doctoral dissertation is viewed as the capstone to the doctoral program. This study reviews the research topics and methodologies of management doctoral dissertations from 1988 to 1994 in Taiwan. The results of the qualitative analysis of the 120 dissertations are reported as follows: (1) financial management attracted the greatest share of the attention of the doctoral students, followed by information management; (2) over half of the dissertations were discipline based with mathematics, psychology, economics, and computer science being the most common disciplines; (3) over half of the dissertations were predominantly causal; (4) in the case of empirical dissertations, survey methods were mostly used, while mathematical modeling was frequently applied in the case of the non-empirical studies; and (5) most of the empirical studies involved the information industry. In addition, future directions for management doctoral research are also provided.
A quality management model for research institutes responsible for government-supported R & D projects
(1998-01-01)
Chang, PL
;
Hsu, CW
;
管理科學系
;
Department of Management Science
This paper formulates a quality management model for research institutes performing government-supported R&D projects intended to develop technology for commercial applications in the industrial sector. The model is based on four phases that include all activities pertinent to the commercial application of research institute technology: identifying industrial requirements, planning developmental technology, performing R&D activities, and diffusing the technology to the industrial sector. In order to perform efficiently all activities in these phases, the proper techniques, proper personnel, and documented procedures are required. This suggests that a quality management model for the research institute should be based on the effective control, evaluation, and improvement of required elements for these phases. The proposed quality management model is described as follows: clarify application policy, establish an implementation structure with the responsible organization and a project management manual, assess the techniques used and personnel required to control the execution of the activities of each phase, and evaluate the effectiveness of this implementation structure by auditing whether the activities in the four phases comply with the project management manual and assess whether the R&D results can be applied in the industrial sector. The evaluation output should be fed back to top management for reference in improving the implementation structure.
A quality management model for research institutes responsible for government-supported R & D projects
(1998-01-01)
Chang, PL
;
Hsu, CW
;
管理科學系
;
Department of Management Science
This paper formulates a quality management model for research institutes performing government-supported R&D projects intended to develop technology for commercial applications in the industrial sector. The model is based on four phases that include all activities pertinent to the commercial application of research institute technology: identifying industrial requirements, planning developmental technology, performing R&D activities, and diffusing the technology to the industrial sector. In order to perform efficiently all activities in these phases, the proper techniques, proper personnel, and documented procedures are required. This suggests that a quality management model for the research institute should be based on the effective control, evaluation, and improvement of required elements for these phases. The proposed quality management model is described as follows: clarify application policy, establish an implementation structure with the responsible organization and a project management manual, assess the techniques used and personnel required to control the execution of the activities of each phase, and evaluate the effectiveness of this implementation structure by auditing whether the activities in the four phases comply with the project management manual and assess whether the R&D results can be applied in the industrial sector. The evaluation output should be fed back to top management for reference in improving the implementation structure.
A stage approach for industrial technology development and implementation - the case of Taiwan's computer industry
(1999-04-01)
Chang, PL
;
Hsu, CW
;
Tsai, CT
;
管理科學系
;
Department of Management Science
The objective of this paper is to study how government-supported R&D institutes cooperate with the industrial sector to assist industrial technology development in developing countries. By investigating the case of the computer industry in Taiwan, the authors suggest a stage approach for industrial technology development. This approach emphasizes the implementation of technology, that is, R&D institutes should help industry to truly absorb and apply technology to improve their products or services to upgrade their overall industrial competitiveness. For developing countries, the key problems of industrial technology development are not only gaining technology but also implementing that technology in their own industrial context, This paper suggests that R&D institutes should closely coordinate with industry during the R&D procedures to make different technology implementation strategies at different developmental stages. The approach is based on three stages which respectively represent industrial technology capabilities at weak, medium or strong levels. Five strategies are discussed. To link the implementation strategies and the R&D procedures there are three critical factors to consider: commercialization capability; market timing; and industrial technology requirements. This approach shows how R&D institutes can effectively help industrial technology to develop step-by-step, thus upgrading technological capability and fostering overall industrial growth. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Activation of carbon nanotube emitters by using supercritical carbon dioxide fluids with propyl alcohol
(2006)
Liu, PT
;
Tsai, CT
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Chang, TC
;
Kin, KT
;
Chang, PL
This paper explores the application of supercritical carbon dioxide fluids on the field emission enhancement for vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. The typical heating process cannot effectively activate the deionized-water-rinsed carbon nanotube emitters, exhibiting poorer field emission performance, due to residual moisture uptake in the carbon nanotubes. In contrast, the field emission enhancement can be achieved significantly by applying the supercritical carbon dioxide fluids associated with 3 to 9 vol % propyl alcohol. It is found the cosolvent propyl alcohol plays a critical role in the activation efficiency of supercritical carbon dioxide fluids. A physical model is also deduced to clarify the observation. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society.
An empirical study of R&D effects on high-tech firms in Taiwan: The case of the Hsinchu Science-Based Industrial Park
(2000)
Chang, PL
;
Chu, PY
;
Ting, MY
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管理科學系
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Department of Management Science
Analytic approximations ford multiserver batch-service work-stations with multiple process recipes in semiconductor wafer fabrication
(2001-11-01)
Huang, MG
;
Chang, PL
;
Chou, YC
;
經營管理研究所
;
Institute of Business and Management
This study extends previous results for batch-service workstations to batch-service/batch-lot workstations with multiple process recipes, e.g., diffusion operations in semiconductor manufacturing. The model considered herein explicitly considers the existence of a manufacturing operation associated with multiple process recipes in the semiconductor factory. Consequently, the revised balance equations are submitted and an improved approximation is presented for this case. Based on a comparison with simulation results, this new approximation is shown to be superior to the previously developed analytical approaches. This new approximation is especially strong in cases where the number of process recipes grows, system traffic intensity is moderate, and arrival rate of each recipe is nearly the same.
Assessment of recoverable forms of sulfur particles used in bioleaching of contaminated sediments
(2003-01-01)
Chen, SY
;
Chiu, YC
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Chang, PL
;
Lin, JG
;
環境工程研究所
The use of recoverable sulfur particles will enhance the feasibility and reduce the cost of bioleaching process. Three different forms of sulfur particles, powder, pastilles and pellets were used to study the utilization and recovery of sulfur, used as energy source for thiobacilli in the bioleaching process. The Langmuir isotherm was used to explain the adsorption equilibrium existing between the sorbed and suspended bacteria and the maximum adsorption capacity obtained from the Langmuir isotherm was utilized to determine the specific surface area of the sulfur particles. The specific surface area of sulfur particles was found to be the determining factor in the bioleaching process and not the particle size. The rates of pH reduction, sulfate production and metal solubilization increased with increasing specific surface area of the particles. The pH reduction and metal solubilization were significantly enhanced by the reuse of recovered sulfur particles. The efficiency of metal solubilization with recovered sulfur pastilles was comparable to that with sulfur powder. This study revealed the practicability of reusing the recovered sulfur pastilles in the bioleaching process. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Buffer allocation in flow-shop-type production systems with general arrival and service patterns
(2002-02-01)
Huang, MG
;
Chang, PL
;
Chou, YC
;
經營管理研究所
;
Institute of Business and Management
This study investigates the buffer allocation strategy of a flow-shop-type production system that possesses a given total amount of buffers and finite buffer capacity for each workstation as well as general interarrival and service times in order to optimize such system performances as minimizing work-in-process, cycle time and blocking probability, maximizing throughput, or their combinations. In theory, the buffer allocation problem is in itself a difficult NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem, it is made even more difficult by the fact that the objective function is not obtainable in closed form for interrelating the integer decision variables (i.e., buffer sizes) and the performance measures of the system. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present an effective design methodology for buffer allocation in the production system. Our design methodology uses a dynamic programming process along with the embedded approximate analytic procedure for computing system performance measures under a certain allocation strategy. Numerical experiments show that our design methodology can quickly and quite precisely seek out the optimal or sub-optimal allocation strategy for most production system patterns. Scope and purpose Buffer allocation is an important, yet intriguingly difficult issue in physical layout and location planning for production systems with finite floor space. Adequate allocation and placement of available buffers among workstations could help to reduce work-in-process, alleviate production system's congestion and even blocking, and smooth products manufacturing flow. In view of the problem complexity, we focus on flow-shop-type production systems with general arrival and service patterns as well as finite buffer capacity. The flow-shop-type lines, which usually involve with product-based layout, play an important role in mass production type of manufacturing process organization such as transfer line, batch flow line, etc. The purpose of this paper is to present a design methodology with heuristic search and imbedded analytic algorithm of system performances for obtaining the optimal or sub-optimal buffer allocation strategy. Successful use of this design methodology would improve the production efficiency and effectiveness of flow-shop-type production systems. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Comparing patterns of intersectoral innovation diffusion in Taiwan and China: A network analysis
(2005-02-01)
Chang, PL
;
Shih, HY
;
經營管理研究所
;
Institute of Business and Management
This paper presents a quantitative method for comparing the structure and performance of intersectoral innovation diffusion in the Taiwanese and Chinese innovation systems. The network of intersectoral innovation diffusion is constructed and proxied by the product-embodied R&D flow matrices calculated by the use of data on input-output tables and sectoral R&D expenditure. The two networks are structurally compared with the help of methodologies derived from the network analysis, which are conducted at the national, cluster and individual levels to thoroughly examine the multi-embededness of the sectors situated in a technological diffusion network. This study shows that the two systems have similar distributions of key sectors, including the cores, i.e. machinery and equipment, electronic parts and components, and the sources, i.e. chemicals and basic metals, of innovation flows. However, significant differences also exist. For example. the Taiwanese system is characterized by higher degrees of systemic connection and hierarchy, while the Chinese system has looser density and less centralization. Additionally, the Taiwanese system appears capable of more efficient innovation diffusion among vertically related industries than the Chinese system due to the former containing more effective clusters. Finally, China's technological concentration is centered on heavy industry, while Taiwan is focused on high-tech industry. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Developing key components and products in Taiwan
(1996)
Chang, PL
;
Hsu, CW
;
Shyu, ML
;
交大名義發表
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管理科學系
Taiwan's technology-intensive industries rely heavily on imported key components and products, particularly those from Japan. Taiwan government officials are actively promoting programmes to develop these components locally. The programmes target components and products critical to Taiwan's industries that have high added-value and are difficult to acquire, and classify them according to the work yet to be done to bring them to the investment for production stage. Development strategies are formed according to the stage the target item is in so that government and private resources can be combined to accelerate changes to current status, obtain investment for production to enhance industry competitiveness and independence, and to eventually reduce the number of key components and products imported from Japan. This paper describes the model for developing key components and products in Taiwan, including how key components and products are selected, analysed and developed. Cases showing development of dynamic random-access memory chips and gasoline engines for automobiles in Taiwan are also described in detail.
Fast algorithm for evaluating the similarity of manufacturing processes within a dynamic production environment
(2003-11-20)
Huang, MG
;
Chang, PL
;
Chou, YC
;
經營管理研究所
;
Institute of Business and Management
To achieve efficient and economical production, planners and/or designers of production systems frequently must evaluate manufacturing process similarities for various products that they intend to produce. Such work is particularly important in product-mix production, which is widely used in various production systems, including product-oriented repetitive manufacturing, cellular manufacturing, and process-oriented manufacturing. A new potential application for evaluating manufacturing process similarity is necessary in dealing with capacity exchange between rush orders and prescheduled orders. Traditionally, most evaluating methods assumed an essentially static environment, and merely compared the manufacturing routing, processing time and demand. Meanwhile, other more complex evaluating methods were simply impractical. This study suggests a relatively simple but practical method for evaluating the manufacturing process similarity within a dynamic bucketed production environment. The proposed algorithm considers load projection and workstation utilization in terms of a current production schedule. Finally, a real numerical instance is cited to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Finding the niche position - competition strategy of Taiwan's IC design industry
(2002-02-01)
Chang, PL
;
Tsai, CT
;
經營管理研究所
;
Institute of Business and Management
The total revenue of Taiwan's IC design industry is now the second in the world. only behind the United States. Despite the disadvantages of limited research resources and little influence over the global electronics market, it was able to build up a core competence of speed, quality, flexibility and cost through knowledge assimilation and utilization. Taiwan did not attempt to challenge the technology leadership in a confrontational manner. but focused on being a superior quick follower. The implementation of this niche strategy and the core competence of the IC design industry originates front five major factors: supportive policy, technology manpower, entrepreneurship, vertical disintegration and industrial cluster. This paper is dedicated to discussing this unique strategy and the supporting factors of Taiwan's IC design industry. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Improving the innovative capabilities of Taiwan's manufacturing industries with university-industry research partnerships
(2002)
Chang, PL
;
Hsu, WS
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經營管理研究所
;
Institute of Business and Management
The experiences gained from Taiwan's university-industry collaborative program are presented by case studies. The framework of the university-industry partnership is presented. Both successful and failed case studies are detailed to extract the underlying understanding required to improve university-industry collaborative programs further. The capabilities of small and medium-sized enterprises, which are the majority of all enterprises in Taiwan, and the various ways of improving their innovative capabilities by effectively using university-industry partnerships, are also discussed. Supporting evidence which indicates that proper partnerships are the most effective means of improving the innovative capabilities of the manufacturing industries are also detailed.
Quality management approaches in libraries and information services
(2000-09-01)
Hsieh, PN
;
Chang, PL
;
Lu, KH
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經營管理研究所
;
Institute of Business and Management
The increasing expectations of users for better services have motivated libraries to view quality management as an effective means of incorporating quality improvement into their related services. Effectively implementing quality management in libraries requires an understanding of applying appropriate quality management concepts and techniques. This article reviews the quality management tools and techniques developed over the last five decades and, then, categorises them into three broad approaches. In addition, a framework of quality management approaches and techniques is developed and applied to assess and improve the service quality of libraries and information services.
The development strategies for Taiwan's semiconductor industry
(1998-11-01)
Chang, PL
;
Hsu, CW
;
管理科學系
;
Department of Management Science
Taiwan's integrated circuit (IC) industry development process can be separated into three stages: the initiation stage, consisting of obtaining technology and facilitating setup of domestic companies; the burgeoning stage, consisting of the formation of manufacturer's R&D abilities; and the growth stage, consisting of further raising an industry's international competitive levels. In each stage this article examines the development strategy from the perspective of interactions among the government, research institute, and the domestic industry in terms of technology selection, R&D activities, technology transfer, and industry development results. Finally, factors underlying success, issues arising from the case, and suggestions for newly industrialized countries are discussed.
The evaluating model for the technology needs of Taiwan high-tech industries
(1999)
Chang, PL
;
Lung, SSC
;
Hsu, CW
;
管理科學系
;
Department of Management Science
This paper formulates an evaluating model for the technology needs of Taiwan's high-tech industries. Since it is scarce natural resources and limited domestic market, Taiwan's economic development strategy is lead mainly by the technology intensive industries and the expansion of an export-oriented market. However, as industry in Taiwan is composed of small and medium size enterprises, which lack the resources to carry out independent research and development (R&D), the government has supported non-profit research institutes to develop generic or key technologies, so as to help the industries develop successfully. This evaluating model may be utilized by the government-supported research institutes which can, during the development process, help the industries reach their production objectives. This model is based on three stages: analysis of product vehicles, analysis of technology developmental targets and the planning of developmental technology. Taiwan's semiconductor industry technology selection is the case study we will use to illustrate the model.
The innovation systems of Taiwan and China: a comparative analysis
(2004-07-01)
Chang, PL
;
Shih, HY
;
經營管理研究所
;
Institute of Business and Management
This paper presents an analytical framework to compare two distinguishing innovation systems. For recognizing the structural characteristics of innovation systems, six major functions of generic types of institutions involved in the systems are examined: policy formulation, performing R&D, financing R&D, promotion of human resource development, technology bridging, and promotion of technological entrepreneurship. Not only does it describe the role and performance of particular institutions, but this framework also explores four major interactions among these institutions for illustrating the dynamics and efficiency of innovation systems, that is, R&D collaboration, informal interaction, technology diffusion, and personnel mobility. The framework is applied to compare the innovation systems of Taiwan and China, revealing that they both have unique characteristics, while also sharing numerous complementary features. In addition, the two economies have the linguistic, cultural, racial and historical similarities, plus their geographical proximity. Consequently, these phenomena suggest the possibility of future cooperation between the two innovation systems, and then this paper proposes possible approaches to achieving cooperation for the two sides. (C) 2002 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Taiwan system of innovation in the tool machine industry: a case study
(2003-12-01)
Yeh, CC
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Chang, PL
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經營管理研究所
;
Institute of Business and Management
Recent evidence suggests that the Taiwan's machine tool industry as a whole is prominent in the world, ranking sixth in output and fifth in exports. This paper explores the current status and features of Taiwan's national systems of innovation (NSI) for its machine tool industry. It is suggested that five major elements of the NSI explain the extensive diffusion of new technologies in the industry, namely: industry clusters, educational system, bridging institutions, government policy, and global business environment. Further, the structural and institutional problems of the innovation system are identified. Future directions of technology development are also discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.