Browsing by Author "Chao, Ching-Hsun"

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All-solution-processed inverted polymer solar cells on granular surface-nickelized polyimide
(2009-07-01)
Hsiao, Yu-Sheng
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Chen, Chih-Ping
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Chao, Ching-Hsun
;
Whang, Wha-Tzong
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材料科學與工程學系
In this study, we prepared all-solution-processed inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs) incorporating two solution-processed electrodes-surface-nickelized polyimide films (NiPI films) as cathodes and high-conductivity poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films as anodes-and an active layer with a bulk heterojunction morphology of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C(61)-buytyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The granular Ni thin films, which exhibited good adhesion and high-conductivity (ca. 2778 S cm(-1)) on the polyimide (PI) substrates and possessed a work function different from that of pure Ni metal (WF, 5.4 eV). Using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, we determined that the WF of the NiPI films was ca. 3.9 eV. Prior to the coating of the photoactive layer, the surface of the NiPI films were treated with titanium(diisopropoxide)bis(2,4-pentanedionate) (TIPD) solution to facilitate the deposition of high-quality active layer and further as a hole blocking layer. The solution processed anodes (solvent-modified PEDOT:PSS films) were further coated and subjected to mild oxygen plasma treatment on the active layer. Short exposure (5 s) to the plasma improved the quality of the surface of the active layer for PEDOT:PSS deposition. These inverted PSCs on flexible granular NiPI films provided a power conversion efficiency of 2.4% when illuminated under AM 1.5 conditions (100 mW cm(-2)). The phenomenon of light absorption enhancement in those inverted PSCs was observed as indicated in reflective UV-vis, haze factor and external quantum efficiency (EQE) responses. The resulting fill factor (FF) of 0.43 is still significantly lower than the FF of 0.64 for standard devices. When compared to the planar structure, the improvement of absorbance of light and good haze factors was obtained for granular structure which suggests NiPI as a better back contact electrode through enhancing the light trapping and scattering in inverted PSCs. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Characterization of HF-PECVD a-Si:H thin film solar cells by using OES studies
(2011-01-01)
Lien, Shui-Yang
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Chang, Yin-Yu
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Cho, Yun-Shao
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Wang, Jui-Hao
;
Weng, Ko-Wei
Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films show considerable potential for the fabrication of thin film solar cells. In this study, the a-Si:H thin films have been deposited in a parallel-plate radio frequency (RF) plasma reactor fed with pure SiH(4). The plasma diagnostics were performed simultaneously during the a-Si:H solar cell deposition process using an optical emission spectrometer (OES) in order to study their correlations with growth rate and microstructure of the films. During the deposition, the emitting species (SiH*, Si*, H*) was analyzed. The effect of RF power on the emission intensities of excited SiH, Si and H on the film growth rate has been investigated. The OES analysis revealed a chemisorption-based deposition model of the growth mechanism. Finally, the a-Si:H thin film solar cell with an efficiency of 7.6% has been obtained. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effect of Ionic Liquid on Structure and Properties of Polysquaraines
(2012-04-10)
Ho, Mei-Chan
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Chao, Ching-Hsun
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Chen, Chun-Hua
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Wu, Ren-Jye
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Whang, Wha-Tzong
Polycondensation of 4-bis[2-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)vinyl]-2,5-didodecyloxybenzene and squaric acid yielded the polysquaraine SQ with two isomeric subunits-1,3-addition (zwitterionic) and 1,2-addition (diketonic) moieties in the main chain structure. The former featured a C-O/C=O infrared (IR) absorption frequency at 1622 cm(-1); the latter, a C=O signal at 1716 cm(-1). Traditional synthesis yielded SQ as a powder with metallic luster that could not be cast as a polymer film from solution. When the ionic liquid [Oct(3)NMe][TfO] (IL) was present in the cosolvent of BuOH and benzene (1:3), however, the resulting SQI(x) polymers (x = 0.01-5 wt %) did not precipitate from solution, making it possible to cast continuous free-standing films with a large area (>1 X 1 cm(2)). A greater content of IL in the solution favored the formation of the 1,3-addition zwitterionic subunits in the SQI(x) polymer main chains, thereby changing the physical and optical properties of the polysquaraine, as evidenced in IR and optical absorption spectra. The features in the UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra of SQ and SQL(x) were dependent on the IL concentration and the nature of the solvent. Among our synthesized SQI(x) polymers, SQI(0.01) and SQI(0.1) formed flexible free-standing films with metallic luster, smooth surfaces, and good semiconductivities (2.27 x 10(-5) and 4.74 x 10(-5) S/cm, respectively). X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the presence of IL in the polymerization medium increased the SQI(x) interchain packing distance. SQI(0.01), and SQI(0.1) possessed thermal stabilities comparable with that of SQ. Our successful use of IL in the preparation of SQI(x) polymers appears to have great potential for application in ionic liquid-related organic or polymeric preparation and processing.
Significant improvement in the thermoelectric properties of zwitterionic polysquaraine composite films
(2013-09-16)
Ho, Mei-Chan
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Chao, Ching-Hsun
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Lo, An-Ya
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Chen, Chun-Hua
;
Wu, Ren-Jye
In this study, the polysquaraine SQI(0.1), a zwitterionic pi-conjugated polymer, was adopted as the matrix for the preparation of flexible and freestanding films; the low band gap of this semiconducting polymer made it a natural choice for use as a thermoelectric (TE) polymer. To enhance their TE applications, both single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and mesoporous carbon (i.e., CMK-3) were integrated into the SQI(0.1)-based films and the effects of doping with iodine were also investigated. Using scanning electron microscopy, the variations in morphology of these SQI(0.1)-based films were examined. Raman spectroscopy was used to study the pi-pi interactions between iodine and the carbon materials (Le., SWNT, CMK-3); X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy to investigate the intercalation of the doped iodine in the composite films; and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the valence state of the doped iodine. The TE properties of these materials were characterized in terms of the electrical conductivity (sigma), thermal conductivity (kappa), and Seebeck coefficient (S). The TE properties of the iodine-doped composite film prepared from SWNTs, CMK-3, and SQI(0.1) included a notable value of ZT (Figure of Merit) of 4.563 x 10(-3), which was 143% of that of the corresponding iodine-doped SQI(0.1) film. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.