Browsing by Author "Chen, Chih-Ping"

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All-solution-processed inverted polymer solar cells on granular surface-nickelized polyimide
(2009-07-01)
Hsiao, Yu-Sheng
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Chen, Chih-Ping
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Chao, Ching-Hsun
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Whang, Wha-Tzong
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材料科學與工程學系
In this study, we prepared all-solution-processed inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs) incorporating two solution-processed electrodes-surface-nickelized polyimide films (NiPI films) as cathodes and high-conductivity poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films as anodes-and an active layer with a bulk heterojunction morphology of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C(61)-buytyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The granular Ni thin films, which exhibited good adhesion and high-conductivity (ca. 2778 S cm(-1)) on the polyimide (PI) substrates and possessed a work function different from that of pure Ni metal (WF, 5.4 eV). Using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, we determined that the WF of the NiPI films was ca. 3.9 eV. Prior to the coating of the photoactive layer, the surface of the NiPI films were treated with titanium(diisopropoxide)bis(2,4-pentanedionate) (TIPD) solution to facilitate the deposition of high-quality active layer and further as a hole blocking layer. The solution processed anodes (solvent-modified PEDOT:PSS films) were further coated and subjected to mild oxygen plasma treatment on the active layer. Short exposure (5 s) to the plasma improved the quality of the surface of the active layer for PEDOT:PSS deposition. These inverted PSCs on flexible granular NiPI films provided a power conversion efficiency of 2.4% when illuminated under AM 1.5 conditions (100 mW cm(-2)). The phenomenon of light absorption enhancement in those inverted PSCs was observed as indicated in reflective UV-vis, haze factor and external quantum efficiency (EQE) responses. The resulting fill factor (FF) of 0.43 is still significantly lower than the FF of 0.64 for standard devices. When compared to the planar structure, the improvement of absorbance of light and good haze factors was obtained for granular structure which suggests NiPI as a better back contact electrode through enhancing the light trapping and scattering in inverted PSCs. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effects of the additives n-propylammonium or n-butylammonium iodide on the performance of perovskite solar cells
(2017-01-01)
Hsieh, Cheng-Ming
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Yu, Yen-Lin
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Chen, Chih-Ping
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Chuang, Shih-Ching
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應用化學系
Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer a promising low-cost manufactural solar technology as they are compatible with large-scale and low-temperature (< 100 degrees C) solution processes. Through the optimization of perovskite active layer and phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) layer thickness, the normal cells showed 9.7% power conversion efficiency (PCE). Compared with the corresponding normal devices, we observed an improvement in PCE from 9.7% to 11.3% and 10.2% for the devices prepared using 1 vol% of C3H7NH3I and 1 vol% of C4H9NH3I as additives, respectively. Via analysis by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, grazing incidence wide angle X-ray diffraction (GIWAXS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), we concluded that the morphological changes, absorption, and crystallinity of the perovskite films played an important role that influenced the performance of the PSC devices with various additives. The presence of 1% of C3H7NH3I or 1% of C4H9NH3I caused the CH3NH3PbI3-x Clx films to grow uniformly with high coverage and continuous phase, as well as with higher absorption; this enabled the corresponding devices to display improved performance.
High-conductivity poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) film for use in ITO-free polymer solar cells
(2008)
Hsiao, Yu-Sheng
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Whang, Wha-Tzong
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Chen, Chih-Ping
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Chen, Yi-Chun
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材料科學與工程學系
In this study, we devised a simple method to enhance the conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films through spin-coating with various surface-modified compounds, and then applied this technique to the preparation of ITO-free polymer solar cells (PSCs). The electrical conductivity of PEDOT: PSS films can be increased by more than two order of magnitudes merely by spin-coating a compound containing one or more polar groups - such as ethanol, methoxyethanol, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, and ethylene glycol - onto the films. In this paper, we discuss the phenomena occurring through conductivities, morphologies, and chemical properties of the modified PEDOT-PSS films as determined using Raman spectroscopy, a four-point probe, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The schematic 3D morphological model of directly solvent-modified PEDOT: PSS films is presumed for ITO-free devices. The desirable conductivity enhancements of these materials make them attractive candidates for use as anode materials in ITO-free PSCs.
High-Performance and Highly Durable Inverted Organic Photovoltaics Embedding Solution-Processable Vanadium Oxides as an Interfacial Hole-Transporting Layer
(2011-09-01)
Chen, Chih-Ping
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Chen, Yeu-Ding
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Chuang, Shih-Ching
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應用化學系
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Department of Applied Chemistry
Inverted OPV devices based on sol-gel derived vanadium oxides (VO(x)) as an interfacial layer are demonstrated. The VO(x) shows excellent characteristics as a hole-transporting and protecting layer. The constructed devices exhibit enhanced performance with the studied polymers and are highly durable under accelerated conditions for long time periods.
Highly Thermal Stable and Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Crosslinked Networks Appending Open-Cage Fullerenes as Additives
(2015-01-14)
Chen, Chih-Ping
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Huang, Chien-Yu
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Chuang, Shih-Ching
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應用化學系
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Department of Applied Chemistry
Highly thermal stable organic bulk heterojunction (OBHJ) photovoltaic cells are demonstrated with crosslinkable open-cage fullerenes (COF) as additives in the active layer. Partial incorporation of COF, approximate to 10-15 wt% with weight ratio of P3HT:PC61BM = 1:0.9, builds up three-dimensional local borders upon heating treatment at 150 degrees C for 10 min. This process induces crosslinking chemical reaction through activating the styryl moiety in COF and reduces phase aggregation rates of fullerenes materials. Supported by statistics of devices degradation data analysis and optical microscopy study, the devices with COF show longer lifetime with keeping their efficiency (t = 144 h) under accelerated heating test at 150 degrees C, while PCE of normal devices without COF drop dramatically. These results demonstrate that the thermally crosslinkable COF is an excellent additive for highly thermal stable and durable OPVs applications.
Insulin-like Growth Factors II exon 9 and E-cadherin-Pml I but not Myeloperoxidase Promoter-463, Urokinase-ApaL I nor Xeroderma Pigmentosum Polymorphisms Are Associated with Higher Susceptibility to Leiomyoma
(2010-06-01)
Hsieh, Yao-Yuan
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Chang, Chi-Chen
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Wang, Yu-Kuo
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Hsu, Kung-Hao
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Chen, Chih-Ping
Objectives: To investigate the roles of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2), myeloperoxidase (MPO), E-cadherin (CDH1), urokinase and xeroderma pigmentosum group A and D (XPA, XPD) polymorphisms upon leiomyoma susceptibility. Study Design: Women were divided into: group I, leiomyoma (n=158); group 2, non-leiomyoma (n=156). Polymorphisms (IGF2 exon 9*A/G, MPO-463*A/G, CDH1-Pml I, urokinase-ApaL, XPA*A-23G, XPD*Lys751Gln) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and detected by electrophoresis after restriction enzyme digestion. Genotype and allelic frequencies were compared between both groups. Results: Associations between leiomyoma with IGF2 and CDH1 polymorphism exist. Proportions of IGF2 exon 9*AA/AG/GG in and CDH1* CC/CT/TT in the groups were: group I, 38/39.2/22.8% and 27.8/66.5/5.7%; group 2, 22.4/53.9/23.7% and 21.2/64.1/14.7. MPO, urokinase, XPA and XPD in both groups were non-significantly different. Proportions of MPO*AA/AG/GG, urokinase*CC/CT/TT, XPA*AA/AG/GG and XPD*AA/AC/CC were: group 1: 1.9/23.4/74.7%, 0.6/7/92.4%, 20.9/55.1/24%, 85.4/14.6/0%; group 2: 3.8/24.4/71.8%, 1.3/4.5/94.2%, 22.4/53.9/23.7%, 84.6/15.4/0%. Conclusion: IGF2*A allele and CDH1*C allele were correlated with leiomyoma susceptibility, which may be associated with leiomyoma development. MPO, urokinase, XPA and XPD polymorphisms are not related to leiomyoma susceptibilities.
Low-temperature, simple and efficient preparation of perovskite solar cells using Lewis bases urea and thiourea as additives: stimulating large grain growth and providing a PCE up to 18.8%
(2018-01-01)
Hsieh, Cheng-Ming
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Liao, Yung-Sheng
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Lin, Yan-Ru
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Chen, Chih-Ping
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Tsai, Cheng-Min
We demonstrated that two Lewis bases - urea and thiourea - acted as efficient additives for CH3NH3(MA)PbI3-xClx and MAPbI(3) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and observed a significant increase in PCE for the MAPbI(3) devices in the presence of 1% urea with a remarkable PCE of 18.8% using an extremely low annealing temperature (85 degrees C).
Modeling the Variability Caused by Random Grain Boundary and Trap-location Induced Asymmetrical Read Behavior for a Tight-pitch Vertical Gate 3D NAND Flash Memory Using Double-Gate Thin-Film Transistor (TFT) Device
(2012-01-01)
Hsiao, Yi-Hsuan
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Lue, Hang-Ting
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Chen, Wei-Chen
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Chen, Chih-Ping
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Chang, Kuo-Ping
The variability of the poly silicon thin film transistor (TFT) in 3D NAND Flash is a major concern. In this work, we have fabricated and characterized a 37.5nm half pitch 3D Vertical Gate (VG) NAND Flash, and successfully modeled the random grain boundary effect using TCAD simulation. In our model, the grain boundary creates interface states, resulting in large local band bending and a surface potential barrier. The gate-induced grain barrier lowering (GIGBL) and drain-induced grain barrier lowering (DIGBL) effects are the major physical mechanisms that affect the subthreshold behavior. By means of modeling, the impact of bit line (BL) and word line (WL) critical dimensions (CD) of the double-gate TFT device is studied extensively, where we find that narrower BL and larger WL CD's are the most critical parameters that provide tight Vt distribution and good memory window. For the first time, we have discovered an asymmetry of reverse read (RR) and forward read (FR) of the TFT device. The physical mechanism can be well explained by the DIGBL. With accurate modeling, the asymmetry of RR and FR can be used to determine the GB trap lateral location and interface trap density.
Morphological control of CuPc and its application in organic solar cells
(2008-10-15)
Hsiao, Yu-Sheng
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Whang, Wha-Tzong
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Suen, Shich-Chang
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Shiu, Jau-Ye
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Chen, Chih-Ping
We have prepared organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells possessing an ideal bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure using the self-assembly of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as the donor material and fullerene (C(60)) as the acceptor. The variable self-assembly behavior of CuPc on a diverse range of substrates (surface energies) allowed us to control the morphology of the interface and the degree of carrier transportation within the active layer. We observed rod-like CuPc structures on indium-tin oxide (ITO), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) and Au substrates. Accordingly, the interfaces and continuing transport path between CuPc and fullerene domains could be greatly improved due to the ideal BHJ structure. In this paper, we discuss the mechanisms of producing CuPc rod-like films on ITO, PEDOT: PSS and Au. The OPV cell performance was greatly enhanced when a mixture of horizontal and vertical CuPc rods was present on the PEDOT: PSS surfaces, i.e. the power conversion efficiency was 50 times greater than that of the corresponding device featuring a planar CuPc structure.
Open-Cage Fullerenes as n-Type Materials in Organic Photovoltaics: Relevance of Frontier Energy Levels, Carrier Mobility and Morphology of Different Sizable Open-Cage Fullerenes with Power Conversion Efficiency in Devices
(2011-10-01)
Chen, Chih-Ping
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Lin, Yu-Wei
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Horng, Jia-Cherng
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Chuang, Shih-Ching
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應用化學系
Organic photovoltaics incorporating fulleroisoquinolinones as n-type materials
(2011)
Chen, Chih-Ping
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Luo, Charlene
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Ting, Ching
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Chuang, Shih-Ching
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應用化學系
Fulleroisoquinolinones have been synthesized by palladium-catalyzed annulation of N-alkyl benzamides with C(60). A device incorporating fulleroisoquinolinones and the conjugated polymer P3HT exhibited power conversion efficiency up to 2.3% under AM 1.5G irradiation.
Organic photovoltaics incorporating new fulleroisoquinolinones and fulleroindolines as n-type materials: Syntheses and performance studies
(2011-08-28)
Chuang, Shih-Ching
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Chen, Chih-Ping
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應用化學系
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Department of Applied Chemistry
XRCC4 codon 247*A and XRCC4 promoter-1394*T related genotypes but not XRCC4 intron 3 gene polymorphism are associated with higher susceptibility for endometriosis
(2008-05-01)
Hsieh, Yao-Yuan
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Bau, Da-Tian
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Chang, Chi-Chen
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Tsai, Chang-Hai
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Chen, Chih-Ping
DNA repair systems act to maintain genome integrity in the face of replication errors, environmental insults, and the cumulative effects of age. Genetic variants in DNA repair genes such as X-ray repair cross-complementing group 4 (XRCC4) might influence the ability to repair damaged DNA. Herein we aimed to investigate whether some XRCC4-related polymorphisms were associated with endometriosis susceptibility. Women were divided: (1) severe endometriosis (rAFS stage IV, n = 136) and (2) nonendometriosis groups (n = 112). The polymorphisms of XRCC4 codon 247, XRCC4 promoter - 1394, and XRCC4 intron 3 insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism were amplified by PCR and detected by electrophoresis after restriction enzyme (BBS I, Hinc II) digestions. Genotypes and allelic frequencies in both groups were compared. We observed that XRCC4 codon 247*A and XRCC4 promoter - 1394*T related genotypes, but not XRCC4 intron 3 I/D polymorphism, are associated with higher susceptibility for endometriosis. Distributions of XRCC4 codon 247*C homozygote/heterozygote/A homozygote, and C/A allele in both groups were: (1) 89/9.5/1.5% and 93.7/6.3%; (2) 97.3/2.7/0%, and 98.7/1.3% (P < 0.05). Proportions of XRCC4 promoter -1394*T homozygote/heterozygote/G homozygote and T/Gallelein both groups were: (1) 94.1/5.2/0.7% and 96.7/3.3%, and (2) 79.4/17.9/2.7% and 88.4/11.6% (P < 0.005). Proportions of XRCC4*1 homozygote/heterozygote/D homozygote and A/C allele in both groups were: (1) 67.6/30.9/1.5% and 83.2/16.8%, and (2) 70.5/24.1/5.4% and 82.6/17.4% (nondifference). We conclude that XRCC4 codon 247*A and XRCC4 promoter -1394*T related genotypes and alleles, but not XRCC4 intron 3 I/D polymorphism, might be associated with endometriosis susceptibilities and pathogenesis.