Browsing by Author "Cheng, Hong-Bang"

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Circulating Viruses Associated With Severe Complicated Enterovirus Infection in Taiwan A Multi-Year Analysis
(2010-04-01)
Wang, Yu-Chun
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Cheng, Hong-Bang
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Chen, Hsiu-His
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Liu, Chung-Ming
;
Chou, Chang-Hung Tony
Background: Few studies have investigated the viral isolation characteristics for severe complicated enterovirus infection (SCEI). This study evaluated the seasonality and contribution of circulated viruses to the chronologic trend and weekly reported SCEI epidemic. Methods: Enterovirus infection surveillance and virology laboratory data in 2000 to 2008 obtained from the Centers for Disease Control in Taiwan were analyzed. We measured the monthly and weekly virology isolation rates by viral types. The virus-specific and the season-specific relative risks for SCEI and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated with the isolated circulating viruses and weather status was evaluated. Results: Among 1539 virology confirmed SCEI cases, the mean annual incidence rates ranged from 0.72/100,000 to 32.5/100,000 in children aged 5 years and less; rates were higher in warm months with cases peaking in June (12.6%). The untypeable nonpolio enterovirus was the most frequently isolated type among the monitored specimens (6.07%), followed by coxsackievirus A (3.99%), EV71 (1.77%), coxsackievirus B (1.56%), and echovirus (1.23%). However, these SCEI cases had very strong associations with the isolation of EV71 and coxsackievirus A and B. The corresponding relative risks were 1.14 (95% CI, 1.11-1.17), 1.03 (95% CI, 1.01-1.04), and 1.09 (95% CI, 1.07-1.12), respectively, for 1% increase in weekly isolation rate. Conclusions: Isolation rates for EV71 and coxsackieviruses A and B can predict the development of SCEI cases, particularly in warm months.
Closed sulfur circulation system
(2007-05-03)
Lin, Jin-Gaw
;
Cheng, Hong-Bang
The present invention provides a closed sulfur circulation wastewater treatment system, which combines autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification to recycle sulfates. Particularly, the present invention provides a process and a system for wastewater treatment which effectively process wastewater having both high nitrates and low organic carbonaceous sources, and effectively reduce sulfates by-products.
Development of linear irreversible thermodynamic model for oxidation reduction potential in environmental microbial system
(2007-08-01)
Cheng, Hong-Bang
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Kumar, Mathava
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Lin, Jih-Gaw
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環境工程研究所
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Institute of Environmental Engineering
Nernst equation has been directly used to formulate the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of reversible thermodynamic conditions but applied to irreversible conditions after several assumptions and/or modifications. However, the assumptions are sometimes inappropriate in the quanti. cation of ORP in nonequilibrium system. We propose a linear nonequilibrium thermodynamic model, called microbial related reduction and oxidation reaction (MIRROR Model No. 1) for the interpretation of ORP in biological process. The ORP was related to the affinities of catabolism and anabolism. The energy expenditure of catabolism and anabolism was directly proportional to overpotential (eta), straight coefficient of electrode (L-EE), and degree of coupling between catabolism and ORP electrode, respectively. Finally, the limitations of MIRROR Model No. 1 were discussed for expanding the applicability of the model.
Interpretation of redox potential variation during biological denitrification using linear non-equilibrium thermodynamic model
(2012-02-01)
Cheng, Hong-Bang
;
Kumar, Mathava
;
Lin, Jih-Gaw
;
環境工程研究所
;
Institute of Environmental Engineering
In this study, the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of biological denitrification processes is interpreted based on the MIRROR model No. 1, a linear non-equilibrium thermodynamic model developed in an earlier study. The model interconnects the affinities of catabolism and anabolism, the driving forces of microbial metabolism, with the system ORP and reaction rates of biological processes. Experimental results reported in the literature were used for calibrating the MIRROR model No. 1 to determine the optimal values of model stoichiometric, kinetic, and phenomenological parameters; the calibrated model was then used to simulate laboratory data. The simulation results agree well with the experimental observations. There is a close relationship between the affinities of catabolism and the system ORP of the biological denitrification process, but the ORP variation per unit affinity of catabolism is not a constant but proportional to the molarity of electrons transferred catabolically. The linear relationship between redox potential and reaction rate, which is derived based on MIRROR model No. 1, is subsequently verified by the experimental results reported in the literature. This linear relationship enables evaluation of the biological denitrification rate based on the real-time monitoring of the system ORP. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.