Browsing by Author "Chiu, Yi-Han"

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7,7 ''-Dimethoxyagastisflavone-induced Apoptotic or Autophagic Cell Death in Different Cancer Cells
(2012-04-01)
Hwang, Chia-Hsiang
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Lin, Yu-Ling
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Liu, Yen-Ku
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Chen, Chia-Hung
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Wu, Hsin-Yi
7,7''-Dimethoxyagastisflavone (DMGF), a biflavonoid isolated from the needles of Taxus X media cv. Hicksii, was evaluated for its antiproliferative and antineoplastic effects in three human cancer cell lines. Interestingly, DMGF caused cell death via different pathways in different cancer cells. DMGF induced apoptosis, activated caspase-3 activity and changed the mitochondrial membrane potential in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. However, the apoptotic pathway is not the major pathway involved in DMGF-induced cell death in A549 human lung cancer cells and HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Treatment with 3-MA, an inhibitor of autophagy, significantly decreased DMGF-induced cell death in HepG2 and A549 cells, but did not affect DMGF-induced cell death in HT-29 cells. Following DMGF treatment, the HepG2 cells increased expression of LC3B-II, a marker used to monitor autophagy in cells. Thus, DMGF induced apoptotic cell death in HT-29 cells, triggered both apoptotic and autophagic death in A549 cells and induced autophagic cell death in HepG2 cells. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A RAPID AND CONVENIENT METHOD TO ENHANCE TRANSGENIC EXPRESSION IN TARGET CELLS
(2012)
Chen, Chia-Hung
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Liu, Yen-Ku
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Lin, Yu-Ling
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Chuang, Huai-Yao
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Hsu, Wei-Tung
Gene therapy provides a novel strategy and a new hope for patients with cancer. Unfortunately, the specifics of the delivery systems or the promoters have not achieved the specified efficacy so far, and the perfection of either system will be extremely difficult. In this study, we introduce a simple concept that a combination of a partially specific delivery system and a partially specific promoter activity may achieve a more specific effect on transgenic expression in target cells. The first section describes tumor-related transcription factors that were assayed in tumors or rapidly proliferating cells to determine their activities. The activities of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B, CREB, and HIF-1 were higher, and three copies of each response element were used to construct a transcription factor-based synthetic promoter (TSP). The results showed that the expression of the TSP was active and partially specific to cell types. As described in the second section, the multifunctional peptide RGD-4-CHA was designed to absorb polyethyleneimine (PEI) molecules, and this complex was targeted to integrin alpha v beta 3 on B16F10 cells. The results indicated that RGD-4C-HA could associate with PEI to mediate specific targeting in vitro. Finally, the combination of the PEI-peptide complex and TSP could enhance the specifically transgenic expression in B16F10 cells. This strategy has been proven to work in vitro and might potentially be used for specific gene therapy in vivo.
Antibodies against Helicobacter pylori heat shock protein 60 aggravate HSP60-mediated proinflammatory responses
(2011-08-01)
Liao, Kuang-Wen
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Lin, Chen-Si
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Chen, Wen-Liang
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Yang, Chu-Ting
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Lin, Ching-Min
Anti-Helicobacter pylori heat shock protein 60 (HpHSP60) antibodies are Usually found in H. pylori-infected patients and are known to be associated with the progression of gastric diseases. However, the effects of these antibodies on the functions of HpHSP60 have not been identified. This study aims to investigate the effects of the interaction between anti-HSP60 antibodies and HpHSP60 on inflammatory responses. Anti-HpHSP60 polyclonal sera and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced to evaluate their effects on HpHSP60-induced IL-8 and TNF-alpha activity. The results indicated that anti-HpHSP60 polyclonal sera collected from patients infected with H. pylori or from rabbit and mice immunized with HpHSP60 could significantly enhance HpHSP60-mediated IL-8 and TNF-alpha secretion from monocytic THP-1 cells. Similar effects were also found with anti-HpHSP60 mAbs. Further analysis revealed that this phenomenon was only carried out by anti-HpHSP60 antibody but not by other non-specific mAbs. Moreover, the non-specific mAbs decreased the synergism of HpHSP60 and anti-HpHSP60 mAbs in proinflammatory cytokine induction. Herein, we have examined the role of anti-HpHSP60 antibody in host immune responses for the first time. This study demonstrated that H. pylori HSP60/mAbs could modulate helico-bacterial pathogenesis by increasing IL-8 and TNF-alpha production. The pathogen-specific antibodies may execute potential immune functions rather than recognize or neutralize microbes. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Different effects of probiotic species/strains on infections in preschool children: A double-blind, randomized, controlled study
(2009-02-11)
Lin, Jun-Song
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Chiu, Yi-Han
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Lin, Nien-Tsung
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Chu, Chia-Hsiang
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Huang, Kuo-Chin
Treatment and prevention of pediatric infectious diseases of three commercial probiotic products were evaluated by a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Test subjects under age 5,1062 in total, were distributed randomly into four groups. This investigation showed that L. casei rhamnosus can control bacterial, viral and respiratory infections; a multi-species probiotic reduced gastrointestinal disease significantly. Long-term consumption of L. rhamnosus T cell-1 decreased the incidence of bacterial infection. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effects of Freshwater Clam Extract Supplementation on Time to Exhaustion, Muscle Damage, Pro/Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines, and Liver Injury in Rats after Exhaustive Exercise
(2013-04-01)
Huang, Kuo-Chin
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Wu, Wen-Tien
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Yang, Fwu-Lin
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Chiu, Yi-Han
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Peng, Tai-Chu
The potent anti-inflammatory activities and tissue-protective effects of freshwater clams (Corbicula fluminea) have been well reported. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of freshwater clam extract (FCE) supplementation on time to exhaustion, muscle damage, pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and liver injury in rats after exhaustive exercise. Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups: sedentary control (SC); SC group with FCE supplementation (SC+FCE); exhaustive exercise (E); and E group with FCE supplementation (E+FCE). The SC+FCE and E+FCE groups were treated with gavage administration of 20 mg/kg for seven consecutive days. Blood samples were collected for the evaluation of biochemical parameters. The cytokine levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 were also examined. Twenty-four hours after exhaustive exercise, the rat livers were removed for H & E staining. The FCE supplementation could extend the time to exhaustion in exercised rats. The levels of CPK, LDH, AST, ALT, lactate, TNF-alpha and H & E stains of the liver injury were significantly decreased in the E+FCE group, but the blood glucose and IL-10 were significantly higher in comparison with the E group. This study suggests that FCE supplementation may improve endurance performance and reduce exercise-induced muscle damage, inflammatory stress and liver injury.
Inhibitory Effects of Chloroform Extracts Derived from Corbicula fluminea on the Release of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines
(2012-04-25)
Lin, Ching-Min
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Lin, Yu-Ling
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Tsai, Nu-Man
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Wu, Hsin-Yi
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Ho, Shu-Yi
Corbicula fluminea, the primary freshwater bivalve cultivated in Taiwan, was formerly used as a remedy for hepatitis. Recent reports indicate that C. fluminea has many bioactivities, but it remains unknown whether C. fluminea affects inflammation. This study explored the anti-inflammatory activity of C.fluminea. C. fluminea was first treated with chloroform to obtain clam chloroform extracts (CCEs). On the basis of the assay for the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo, the results show that the CCEs significantly lowered the release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, the CCEs reduced LPS-induced organ damage. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis suggested that CCEs inhibit the LPS-induced mRNA expression of interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Western blot analysis indicated that the CCEs increased expression of I kappa B and attenuated the phosphorylation of I kappa B. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry suggests that phytosterols and fatty adds are responsible for the anti-inflammatory properties of CCEs. Taken together, CCEs have the potential to be developed as an anti-inflammatory functional food.
Liposome-based polymer complex as a novel adjuvant: enhancement of specific antibody production and isotype switch
(2012)
Chen, Chia-Hung
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Lin, Yu-Ling
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Liu, Yen-Ku
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He, Pei-Juin
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Lin, Ching-Min
The aim of vaccination is to induce appropriate immunity against pathogens. Antibody-mediated immunity is critical for protection against many virus diseases, although it is becoming more evident that coordinated, multifunctional immune responses lead to the most effective defense. Specific antibody (Ab) isotypes are more efficient at protecting against pathogen invasion in different locations in the body. For example, compared to other Ab isotypes, immunoglobulin (Ig) A provides more protection at mucosal areas. In this study, we developed a cationic lipopolymer (liposome-polyethylene glycol-polyethyleneimine complex [LPPC])-adjuvant that strongly adsorbs antigens or immunomodulators onto its surface to enhance or switch immune responses. The results demonstrate that LPPC enhances uptake ability, surface marker expression, proinflammatory cytokine release, and antigen presentation in mouse-phagocytes. In contrast to Freund's adjuvant, LPPC preferentially activates-Th1-immunity against antigens in vivo. With lipopolysaccharides or CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, LPPC dramatically enhances the IgA or IgG2A proportion of total Ig, even in hosts that have developed Th2 immunities and high IgG1 serum titers. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the LPPC adjuvant not only increases the immunogenicity of antigens but also modulates host immunity to produce an appropriate Ab isotype by combining with immunomodulators.
Preferential induction of transforming growth factor-beta production in gastric epithelial cells and monocytes by Helicobacter pylori soluble proteins
(2007-11-01)
Wu, Ming-Shiang
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Lin, Jaw-Town
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Hsu, Ping-Ning
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Lin, Ching-Yi
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Hsieh, Yuan-Ting
Background. The cytokines induced by Helicobacter pylori, as well as the intricate balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, are relevant to the outcomes of H. pylori infection. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and interleukin (IL)-10 are 2 vital anti-inflammatory cytokines that regulate mucosal immunity in various inflammatory and infectious diseases. Methods. To elucidate whether host-bacteria interaction can influence TGF-beta and IL-10 production, we investigated the expression of TGF-beta and IL-10 in various mammalian cell lines preincubated with H. pylori and other enteric bacteria. Results. The amount of TGF-beta protein, but not IL-10, was significantly increased after stimulation with H. pylori, but other enteric bacteria did not induce TGF-beta production. Different H. pylori strains isolated from patients with gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer and strains with cagA or vacA isogenic mutations showed similar effects on TGF-beta induction, indicating that this effect was a constitutional characteristic of H. pylori and independent of cagA and vacA status. Conclusion. The results imply the presence of a protein factor ( termed "TGF-beta-inducing protein") that induces production of TGF-beta. In view of the multiple effects of TGF-beta, we conclude the TGF-beta-inducing protein of H. pylori might mediate the immune response and contribute to the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection.
Preferential promotion of apoptosis of monocytes by Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus soluble factors
(2010-02-01)
Chiu, Yi-Han
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Hsieh, Yi-Jen
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Liao, Kuang-Wen
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Peng, Kou-Cheng
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生物科技學系
Background & aims: inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by dense infiltrates of and defective apoptosis by mucosal cell populations. Some probiotics inhibit monocytes' expansion, although mechanisms remain unknown. Supernatants of Lactobacillus strains were investigated for inducing apoptosis of monocytes. Methods: Secreted factors produced by Latobacillus strains were tested on human lymphocytes, monocytes and a human monocytic leukemia-cell line (THP-1). Cell death mechanisms were investigated by a variety of methods. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha) and anti-inflammatory TGF-beta 1 were determined. Results: Soluble factor(s) from Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus strain supernatants (LcrS) effectively induced apoptosis of immune cells. These were mainly soluble proteins (MW 5-30 kDa; LcrS(5-30)). For immune cells, but not human colonic epithelial carcinoma cells (HT-29), pretreatment with LcrS(5-30) significantly promoted apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway. LcrS(5-30) suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines and induced anti-inflammatory TGF-beta 1. Conclusions: Probiotic Lcr produced heat-stable molecules (MW range 5-30 kDa) that promoted immune cell apoptosis without affecting intestinal epithelial cells. LcrS(5-30) triggered apoptosis by a mitochondrial pathway, but not via TGF-beta signaling pathway. LcrS(5-30) also inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines by immune cells. Thus, LcrS(5-30) promotes apoptosis of immune cells, and suggests probiotics-based regimens for prevention of IBD. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.
Prophylactic acetylsalicylic acid attenuates the inflammatory response but fails to protect exercise-induced liver damage in exercised rats
(2016-09-05)
Huang, Kuo-Chin
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Chiu, Yi-Han
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Liao, Kuang-Wen
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Ke, Chun-Yen
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Lee, Chung-Jen
This study evaluated the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on exercise-induced inflammatory response, muscle damage, and liver injury in rats. Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were divided into six groups: control (C), exercise (E), C+20 mg ASA, E+20 mg ASA, C+100 mg/kg ASA, and E+100 mg ASA groups. ASA or a vehicle was orally administered through gavage 1 h before a treadmill test. Upon trial completion, blood was drawn at 1, 12, and 24 h for biochemical analysis, and livers were excised at 24 h for a histological assessment. Our results revealed that 100 mg/kg ASA significantly reduced interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels in the E groups; however, the IL-10 level was considerably increased. Moreover, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and histological hepatic damage increased significantly in the E+100 mg ASA group compared with the corresponding changes in the E group. These results suggest that the prophylactic administration of particularly high dose ASA alleviates exercise-induced inflammatory response but exacerbates liver injury. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.