Browsing by Author "Downing, Stephen"

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Analysis of Russia\'s biofuel knowledge base: A comparison with Germany and China
(2015-10-01)
Kang, Jin-Su
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Kholod, Tetyana
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Downing, Stephen
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
This study assesses the evolutionary trajectory of the knowledge base of Russian biofuel technology compared to that of Germany, one of the successful leaders in adopting renewable energy, and China, an aggressive latecomer at promoting renewable energy. A total of 1797 patents filed in Russia, 8282 in Germany and 20,549 in China were retrieved from the European Patent Office database through 2012. We identify four collectively representative measures of a knowledge base (size, growth, cumulativeness, and interdependence), which are observable from biofuel patent citations. Furthermore, we define the exploratory-exploitative index, which enables us to identify the nature of learning embedded in the knowledge base structure. Our citation network analysis of the biofiiel knowledge base trajectory by country, in conjunction with policy milestones, shows that Russia\'s biofuel knowledge base lacks both the increasing technological specialization of that in Germany and the accelerated growth rate of that in China. The German biofuel citation network shows a well-established knowledge base with increasing connectivity, while China\'s has grown exceptionally fast but with a sparseness of citations reflecting limited connections to preceding, foundational technologies. We conclude by addressing policy implications as well as limitations of the study and potential topics to explore in future research. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Corporate social responsibility and sustainability balanced scorecard: The case study of family-owned hotels
(2015-07-01)
Kang, Jin-Su
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Chiang, Chun-Fang
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Huangthanapan, Kitipop
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Downing, Stephen
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管理學院
This research aims to find empirical support for the benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to family-owned hotels by identifying paths through which CSR influences business. The Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) concept is used to assess the perceived importance of relationships between CSR and business performances to support the goals of the case hotels. SBSC breaks the business down into five dimensions namely; Financial, Customer, Internal Business, Learning & Growth and Non-Market Perspective, which is CSR in this study. The results of partial least squares (PLS) regression using the sample consisting of three stakeholders (i.e., two hundred customers, seventy employees and thirty managers) of family-owned hotels delivered several findings: (i) both the employee and manager group shows that CSR has a significant influence on BSC dimensions with variance (ii) all of the stakeholder groups support the significant relationship between CSR and goals and (iii) all of the stakeholder groups confirm the causal relationship among BSC dimensions with variance. Lastly, we conclude the paper by discussing implications for family-owned hotels as well as addressing limitations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keystone effect on entry into two-sided markets: An analysis of the market entry of WiMAX
(2015-05-01)
Kang, Jin-Su
;
Downing, Stephen
;
經營管理研究所
;
Institute of Business and Management
We investigate a market entry scenario where a technologically-superior new platform may overcome its installed base disadvantage with the backing of a strong keystone species advantage within the business ecosystem, called keystone effect in this study, over an incumbent in a market that exhibits indirect network effects. The strength of the keystone species impacts the availability of complementary goods, which is a key factor for a platform to increase its installed base. This study proposes a dynamic economic model to map a market landscape that shows the internal condition (entrant\'s keystone effect) and external conditions (incumbent\'s keystone effect and indirect network effects) under which a new platform can successfully enter (i.e., maintain oligopoly or monopoly share) or fail to enter a two-sided market in a winner-take-all scenario. We then illustrate the model\'s applicability by examining the entry of Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) into the global mobile telecommunications market, employing recent market data from 2009 to 2012 as well as forecast scenario data from 2010 to 2014. In both the historical data and hypothetical forecast scenario we find that WiMAX\'s keystone effect disadvantage and the market\'s indirect network effects were cumulatively strong enough to prevent the new technology standard from successfully competing with the incumbent (cellular 3G and Long Term Evolution) for oligopoly or monopoly share in the long run. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.