Browsing by Author "Fan, CW"

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An MPEG-4 IPMPX design and implementation on MPEG-21 test bed
(2005)
Fan, CW
;
Chang, FC
;
Hang, HM
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
With the growing demand for distributing digital media contents, the issues of protecting the rights of digital contents are becoming more and more important. In this paper, we introduce the MPEG-4 IPMPX (Intellectual Property Management and Protection Extension) specifications and design its implementation architecture on the MPEG-21 Multimedia Test Bed. This flexible system is capable of integrating lPMPX tools such as encryption/decryption and digital watermarking into it. The main contributions are (1) we design and integrate a software architecture of the IPMPX system and its APIs into the standard-compliant MPEG-21 Test Bed; (2) the implementation of the IPMPX architecture is close to the original IPMPX concepts and thus provides a good validation of the IPMPX capabilities; (3) we develop an application example on the IEPMPX-enabled MPEG-21 Test Bed to show its powerful functionalities. The IPMP subsystem together with the application example has been completed and described in this paper.
Down-regulation of matrix Gla protein messenger RNA in human colorectal adenocarcinomas
(2001-04-10)
Fan, CW
;
Sheu, DL
;
Fan, HA
;
Hsu, KC
;
Chang, CA
Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a vitamin K-dependent extracellular matrix protein commonly found in a variety of tissues. In this study, we describe the potential use of MGP gene expression as the tumor marker of colorectal cancer. A decrease in expression of the MGP gene was also discovered in colorectal cancer using differential screening of cDNA libraries. The MGP expression in 80 human colorectal adenocarcinomas was quantified by a Northern blot analysis to better define the expression pattern of MGP in colorectal cancer. The expression of MGP mRNA was reduced in 63 of 80 (79%) colorectal adenocarcinomas (P < 0.001) as compared to the mRNA in adjacent normal tissue, implying that a decrease in MGP expression is associated with colorectal cancer development. The proportion of tumors with downregulated expression of MGP was lower in Duke's A/B than Duke's C/D (34 of 47 versus 26 of 33, respectively) tumors and was lower in moderate differentiation than poor differentiation (44 of 64 versus 16 of 16, respectively). However, chi (2) analysis does not reveal any correlation between a loss of MGP expression and tumor progression or differentiation state. In conclusion, the downregulation of MGP mRNA generally occurs in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Although the role of MGP in cancer development is unknown, the reduced expression of MGP may be used to distinguish the normal colorectal cells from malignant cells. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.