Browsing by Author "Hu, Jin-Li"

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A Comparative Study of Energy Efficiency of OECD Countries: An Application of the Stochastic Frontier Analysis
(2014-01-01)
Hu, Jin-Li
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Honma, Satoshi
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
We parametrically estimate total-factor energy efficiency (TFEE) scores for 10 industries in 14 developed countries for the period 1995-2005 using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) technique. The model includes four inputs (labor, capital stock, energy, and non-energy intermediate inputs) and one output (value added). Unlike previous studies that use data envelopment analysis (DEA), our method can take into account statistical noises. The results show that More than half of the industries have insignificant changes in the inefficiency trend. However, construction, paper, and textile industries have significantly increasing inefficiency (decreasing efficiency). The metal industry is the only industry which has decreasing inefficiency (increasing efficiency). As a result, most of the OECD industries have much room in improving their total-factor energy efficiency. Moreover, more than half of the industries have insignificant changes in the inefficiency trend. However, construction, paper, and textile industries have significantly increasing inefficiency. The metal industry is the only industry which has decreasing inefficiency. As a result, most of the OECD industries have much room in improving their total-factor energy efficiency (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
A cross-strait comparative study of efficiency of life insurance companies: An application of the input slack adjustment approach
(2011-07-18)
Zhi, Yan
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Hu, Jin-Li
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
This paper applies the three-stage approach proposed by Fried et al. (2002) to analyze the efficiency of life insurance companies in the Mainland and Taiwan areas. This approach adjusts the input slacks obtained by data envelopment analysis (DEA) via the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). Our major empirical findings are: (1) Efficiency scores of life insurance companies in both areas are significantly affected by both environmental factors and statistical noises. After input slack adjustments, the average efficiency score drops for 72.17%; (2) Compared to those companies in the Taiwan area, the life companies in the Mainland area have a large diversion in efficiency scores which range from less than 10 to 78.3%; (3) Debt equity has a significant effect to increase efficiency, indicating that increases in the market share and financial leverage ratio help promote efficiency; (4) Ownership types have different advantageous effects on different inputs. (5) The years since establishment have no significant effects on efficiency, indicating that the younger mainland Chinese life insurance companies do not have disadvantages because it is in an open and competitive market environment; (6) Under a similar environment, Taiwan-based life insurance companies are more efficient than mainland-based ones. The input slacks and managerial efficiency of life insurance companies in Taiwan and mainland China are significantly affected by environmental factors, showing that institutional reform does matter for improving the efficiency of financial institutions.
A Fuel-Efficient Route Plan Method Based on Game Theory
(2019-01-01)
Lo, Chi-Lun
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Chen, Chi-Hua
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Hu, Jin-Li
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Lo, Kuen-Rong
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Cho, Hsun-Jung
This study adopts a fuel consumption estimation method to measure the consumed fuel quantity of each vehicle speed interval (i.e., a cost function) in accordance with individual behaviors. Furthermore, a mobile app is designed to consider the best responses of other route plan apps (e.g., the shortest route plan app and the fast route plan app) and plan the most fuel-efficient route according to the consumed fuel quantity. The numerical analysis results show that the proposed fuel-efficient route plan app can effectively support fuel-saving for logistics industries.
A long-term meta-frontier analysis of energy and emission efficiencies between G7 and BRICS
(2018-04-01)
Chang, Ming-Chung
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Hu, Jin-Li
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
The current concern over energy utilization and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions can be surveyed by investigating potential energy savings and potential emissions reduction in order to emit less greenhouse gases (GHG), thus allowing countries to create economic growth while at the same time preventing global warming and mitigating climate change. The main objective of this paper is to analyze long-term potential energy savings, potential emissions reduction, and long-term technology gaps on energy utilization and CO2 emissions in G7 and BRICS during 2000-2014. The paper also sets up an index to measure convergence or divergence in the technology gaps on energy utilization and CO2 emissions. The results conclude that the UK, Italy, and France have the smallest overall technology gap, while the largest overall technology gap appears in South Africa, Russia, and the USA. To this end, the technology gap on energy utilization in BRICS is improving in recent years.
A metafrontier pollution efficiency analysis of Taiwan's administrative regions
(2019-06-10)
Chang, Ming-Chung
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Hu, Jin-Li
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Chen, Ching-Hsin
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
This study proposes a two-stage approach to perform metafrontier analysis of the pollution efficiency of administrative regions in Taiwan during 2004-2015. The empirical research shows that New Taipei City and Taipei City have the best performances in terms of metafrontier efficiency and the technology gap ratio. In addition, the average score for pollution efficiency in municipalities is higher than that in non municipalities for three environmental management indices. However, the metropolitan and non metropolitan regions face different environmental problems in that the former should pay attention to sewage treatment, while the latter should focus attention on preventing air pollution. Finally, Taiwan presents disparity in the environmental technology gap ratio between these two types of regions. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A panel data parametric frontier technique for measuring total-factor energy efficiency: An application to Japanese regions
(2014-12-15)
Honma, Satoshi
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Hu, Jin-Li
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經營管理研究所
;
Institute of Business and Management
Using the stochastic frontier analysis model, we estimate TFEE (total-factor energy efficiency) scores for 47 regions across Japan during the years 1996-2008. We extend the cross-sectional stochastic frontier model proposed by Zhou et al. (2012) to panel data models and add environmental variables. The results provide not only the TFEE scores, in which statistical noise is taken into account, but also the determinants of inefficiency. The three stochastic TFEE scores are compared with a TFEE score derived using data envelopment analysis. The four TFEE scores are highly correlated with one another. For the inefficiency estimates, higher manufacturing industry shares and wholesale and retail trade shares correspond to lower TFEE scores. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A stochastic cost efficiency analysis of international tourist hotels in Taiwan
(2010-03-01)
Hu, Jin-Li
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Chiu, Chia-Ning
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Shieh, Hwai-Shuh
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Huang, Chia-Hui
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管理科學系
The one-stage stochastic frontier approach (SFA) is used in this study to simultaneously estimate cost efficiency scores and factors of cost inefficiency for 66 international tourist hotels in Taiwan during 1997-2006. An SFA model with three outputs and three inputs is defined. The three outputs are room revenue, food and beverage revenue, and other operation revenue while the three inputs are price of labor, price of other operation, and price of food and beverage. This model also takes into account five environmental variables, including dummy variable of the hotels located in non-metropolitan area, dummy variable of chain hotels, the number of tourist guides, the minimum distance from each hotel to Taoyuan international airport and the minimum distance from each hotel to Kaohsiung international airport. Empirical results show that international tourist hotels in Taiwan are on average operating at 91.15% cost efficiency. All nominal variables are transformed into real variables in 1997 prices by GDP deflators. Chain systems, tourist guides, and international transportation can significantly improve the cost efficiency of international tourist hotels in Taiwan. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A study of the effects of internship experiences on the behavioural intentions of college students majoring in leisure management in Taiwan
(2011-10-01)
Chen, Chin-Tsu
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Hu, Jin-Li
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Wang, Cheng-Cai
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Chen, Chun-Fu
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經營管理研究所
The main purpose of this study was to explore the positive and negative effects of the internship experience on the behavioural intentions of college students in Taiwan. The results of this study suggest five major types of experience; sensory, affective, creative cognitive, physical and relational; have different effects on satisfaction, willingness to return to the original internship organisation, willingness to work, willingness to recommend the internship organisation to other students, ability to move between departments during the internship, whether to continue with studies or suspend schooling, career transition, complaints to colleagues within the internship organisation and external complaints.
A Study on the Influence of Self-concept, Social Support and Academic Achievement on Occupational Choice Intention
(2015-03-01)
Chen, Chin-Tsu
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Chen, Chun-Fu
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Hu, Jin-Li
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Wang, Cheng-Cai
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經營管理研究所
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation among college students\' self-concept, social support, academic performance, and occupational choice intention. Based on the literature review, this study established the research framework and identified the correlations among research variables. A questionnaire survey was conducted on college students in Taiwan, and 1,406 effective samples were retrieved. The data were analyzed using Amos. The results suggested that self-concept has a positive and direct effect on occupational choice intention; social support has a positive and direct effect on academic performance; self-concept and social support have insignificant effects on occupational choice intention through the mediating effect of academic performance. The research findings can serve as references for higher education institutions to improve career education in colleges and adjust the educational system, thereby strengthening educational planning, increasing students\' workplace cognition, and cultivating their workplace competence for future career choices.
An alternative metafrontier framework for measuring the heterogeneity of technology
(2018-08-01)
Wang, Qunwei
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Hang, Ye
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Hu, Jin-Li
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Chiu, Ching-Ren
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經營管理研究所
The metafrontier framework proposed by O'Donnell et al. enables the evaluation of relative efficiencies for decision-making units (DMUs) operating under heterogeneous technologies. The metatechnology ratio (MTR) constructed under the metafrontier framework helps estimate the gap between group frontiers and the metafrontier, with its score between 0 and 1. However, an unreasonable MTR value (ie, greater than 1) may appear when the traditional metafrontier framework is applied in the nonradial data envelopment analysis (DEA) models. This article proposes an alternative metafrontier framework for addressing this issue. The newly constructed technology gap measurement (TGM) can avoid unreasonable technology gap ratio values in nonradial DEA models and substitute for MTR in radial DEA models. To demonstrate how this alternative metafrontier approach works, this article applies it to the efficiency evaluation of regional transportation sectors in China.
An analysis of a feed-in tariff in Taiwan's electricity market
(2013-01-01)
Chang, Ming-Chung
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Hu, Jin-Li
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Han, Tsung-Fu
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
For the earth's sustainable development, the proportion of power generated by renewable resources has risen, whereas the proportion of power generated by fossil fuel has fallen. Many small-sized power plants that generate power through renewable resources sell power to large-size traditional power plants that generate power using fossil fuel. In this study we employ the Stackelberg framework to analyze the feed-in tariff (FIT) regime in which a traditional power plant purchases power from a small-size green power plant. We conclude that such a FIT regime causes social welfare to decrease when the marginal cost of the public power plant decreases and the public power plant purchases too much renewable power. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
An environment-adjusted dynamic efficiency analysis of international tourist hotels in Taiwan
(2017-01-01)
Shieh, Hwai-Shuh
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Hu, Jin-Li
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Liu, Teng-Yi
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
The paper is the first study to combine four-stage approach and dynamic data envelopment analysis (DEA) to investigate the efficiencies of 45 international tourist hotels in Taiwan during 2002-2011. Using the four-stage approach of Fried etal. [1999. Incorporating the operating environment into a nonparametric measure of technical efficiency. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 12(3), 249-267] and the dynamic DEA model by Tone and Tsutsui [2010. Dynamic DEA: A slacks-based measure approach. Omega, 38(3), 145-156], the study considers the effects of the external operating environments and carry-over activities between two consecutive terms, and calculates managerial efficiency of international tourism hotels in Taiwan. The empirical results show that dynamic DEA provides more stable pure managerial efficiencies than traditional DEA, reflecting the continuity of the links between terms. Then the study employs Tobit regression to estimate the effects of location, management style, and occupancy rate on input slacks. The location in resort area leads to less slacks of employee and room. The chain system helps reduce slacks in room and area of meal department. The slack of employee and room gets lower while occupancy rate gets higher. After controlling the three external environment variables, the efficiency scores of 28 hotels increase, 9 hotels fall, and other 8 hotels still sustain on the efficient frontier.
An international comparison of R&D efficiency of multiple innovative outputs: The role of the national innovation system
(2011-12-01)
Chen, Chiang-Ping
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Hu, Jin-Li
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Yang, Chih-Hai
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
This paper compares research and development (R&D) efficiency across nations based on various output-oriented R&D efficiency indices that are developed by the data envelopment analysis approach. Empirical results show that nations have similar R&D efficiency in terms of patents and royalties, while their performance for journal publications is quite different. We then investigate how the innovation environment, especially in the national innovation system, affects these output-oriented R&D efficiency indices. R&D intensity, intellectual property rights protection, knowledge stock, and human capital accumulation all have significantly positive effects on efficiency indices. Private sector R&D, funded by either foreign sources or funded and performed by private businesses, plays an important role in improving scores on the output-oriented R&D efficiency index for patents and for royalties and licensing fees. The R&D intensity performed by higher education institutions has a positive effect on the journal-oriented R&D efficiency index.
Asymmetric impacts of international energy shocks on macroeconomic activities
(2012-05-01)
Yeh, Fang-Yu
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Hu, Jin-Li
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Lin, Cheng-Hsun
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
While limited by its scarcity of natural resources, the impacts of energy price changes on Taiwan's economic activities have been an important issue for social public and government authorities. This study applies the multivariate threshold model to investigate the effects of various international energy price shocks on Taiwan's macroeconomic activity. By separating energy price changes into the so-called decrease and increase regimes, we can realize different impacts of energy price changes and their shocks on economic output. The results confirm that there is an asymmetric threshold effect for the energy-output nexus. The optimal threshold levels are exactly where the oil price change is at 2.48%, the natural gas price change is at 0.66%, and the coal price.:hange is at 0.25%. The impulse response analysis suggests that oil price and natural gas shocks have a delayed negative impact on macroeconomic activities. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Bundling strategy and product differentiation
(2013-04-01)
Chung, Hui-Ling
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Lin, Yan-Shu
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Hu, Jin-Li
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
The existing literature shows that a decrease in the degree of substitutability increases a monopoly's incentive to bundle. This paper in addition takes into account competition in the second product market and then re-examines how intra-brand and inter-brand product differentiations affect the incentive to bundle. In order to formally examine the above conjectures, this research builds up a two-firm, two-product model in which product 1 (monopoly product) is produced only by the bundling firm and product 2 (competing product) is produced by both firms. The analysis shows that under both Bertrand and Cournot competitions the incentive to bundle does not necessarily increase with the degree of intra-brand differentiation, while it strictly decreases with the degree of inter-brand differentiation. Moreover, under Bertrand competition bundling always decreases consumer surplus, but may increase the competitor's profit and social surplus. Under Cournot competition bundling always reduces the opponent's profit and social welfare, but may increase consumer surplus.
BUNDLING WITH QUALITY CHOICE
(2014-12-01)
Chung, Hui-Ling
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Chen, Hung-Yi
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Hu, Jin-Li
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Lin, Yan-Shu
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經營管理研究所
Antitrust authorities consider commodity bundling as an extension of monopoly power to other markets which harms consumers. This paper analyzes quality competition and its effect on consumer surplus for the case of commodity bundling by a multi-product firm in a vertically differentiated industry. When the firm bundles a high quality good, we show that bundling negatively affects the quality of a competing good, consumer surplus, and welfare. When the firm bundles a low quality good instead, bundling raises the quality of a competing good, enhances consumer surplus, and may increase the welfare.
Business diversification in the hotel industry: a comparative advantage analysis
(2012-10-01)
Yeh, Chia-Yu
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Chen, Chiang-Ming
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Hu, Jin-Li
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經營管理研究所
;
Institute of Business and Management
The accepted norm of hotels generating the highest portion of revenue from their room sales does not apply in the case of Taiwan. International tourist hotels in Taiwan tend to diversify their business by expanding their food and beverage (F&B) services. According to international tourist hotels' financial statements for 1996-2008 (published by the Taiwan Tourism Bureau), almost 60% generate higher revenue from their F&B services. Drawing on the concept of comparative advantage, this study assumes that a hotel's comparative advantage depends on evaluating the profitability between the F&B departments and the lodging departments. The authors propose a simultaneous equation model with qualitative and limited dependent variables, drawing on the interactions between hotel profitability and revenue structure. The empirical results show that hotels in which F&B services contribute the majority of the revenue have a profitability advantage.
Can CSR reduce stock price crash risk? Evidence from China's energy industry
(2019-05-01)
Wu, Chia-Ming
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Hu, Jin-Li
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經營管理研究所
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Institute of Business and Management
This study explores the effect of CSR on reducing a firm's stock price crash risk in China's energy industry by using a regression model and further investigates the effect of items within CSR (e.g., corporate governance and environment protection) on reducing said risk to find which item is important for CSR for the energy industry. Covering a total of 100 energy firms including electricity generation and mining from 2014 to 2016, this study observes that CSR significantly affects stock price crash risk in the energy industry, as employee protection, environmental protection, product quality control, consumers' right protection, and supply chain partners all significantly reduce an energy firm's stock price crash risk. We also employ the industry as our moderator to test whether different sub-industries have varying correlations between CSR and stock price crash risk, finding that the electricity generation firms with higher CSR scores especially in environmental protection, promoting technology innovation, and corporate image have significantly lower stock price crash risk, while the mining firms do not. These results suggest that compared to other CSR items, investors should pay more attention on pollution improvement and trading provisions that decrease this risk more effectively, especially in the electricity generation industry.
Cost Efficiency of International Tourist Hotels in Taiwan: A Data Envelopment Analysis Application
(2009)
Hu, Jin-Li
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Shieh, Hwai-Shuh
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Huang, Chia-Hui
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Chiu, Chia-Ning
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管理科學系
This paper uses the data envelopment analysis approach to measure cost, allocative and overall technical efficiencies of international tourist hotels (ITHs) in Taiwan during 1997-2006. There are three outputs, three inputs, three input prices and four environmental variables in the empirical model. The cost inefficiency of these hotels is from overall technical inefficiency. International tourist hotels in Taiwan have an average efficiency of 57%. Chain systems, non-metropolitan areas and occupancy rate have significantly positive impacts on all efficiency scores of Taiwan's ITHs. The distance from the nearest international airport significantly worsens their efficiency scores.
DECISION MAKING ON STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY LICENSING: FIXED-FEE VERSUS ROYALTY LICENSING METHODS
(2009-09-01)
Chang, Ming-Chung
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Hu, Jin-Li
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Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung
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經營管理研究所
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科技管理研究所
Because of a deterioration in the quality of the environment, this paper studies the effects of the environment and the economy on environmental technology licensing in a homogeneous Cournot duopoly model in order to reduce environmental pollution and hence improve social welfare. To this end, two licensing methods - namely, a fixed-fee licensing method and a royalty licensing method - are compared. It is found that a high emission tax rate induces the innovator to not license the environmental technology to the licensee under the fixed-fee licensing method. As for social welfare, a large innovation scale of environmental technology does not guarantee that social welfare will be maximized. Finally, a large innovation scale of environmental technology is likely to increase consumer surplus if the marginal environmental damage is significant. Consumers are likely to prefer royalty licensing to fixed-fee licensing. This conclusion differs from Wang's finding in 2002.