Browsing by Author "Hwu, Hai-Gwo"

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Allocation Variable-Based Probabilistic Algorithm to Deal with Label Switching Problem in Bayesian Mixture Models
(2015-10-12)
Pan, Jia-Chiun
;
Liu, Chih-Min
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Hwu, Hai-Gwo
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Huang, Guan-Hua
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統計學研究所
The label switching problem occurs as a result of the nonidentifiability of posterior distribution over various permutations of component labels when using Bayesian approach to estimate parameters in mixture models. In the cases where the number of components is fixed and known, we propose a relabelling algorithm, an allocation variable-based (denoted by AVP) probabilistic relabelling approach, to deal with label switching problem. We establish a model for the posterior distribution of allocation variables with label switching phenomenon. The AVP algorithm stochastically relabel the posterior samples according to the posterior probabilities of the established model. Some existing deterministic and other probabilistic algorithms are compared with AVP algorithm in simulation studies, and the success of the proposed approach is demonstrated in simulation studies and a real dataset.
Intramuscular olanzapine versus intramuscular haloperidol plus lorazepam for the treatment of acute schizophrenia with agitation: An open-label, randomized controlled trial
(2015-05-01)
Huang, Charles Lung-Cheng
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Hwang, Tzung-Jeng
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Chen, Yi-Hsing
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Huang, Guan-Hua
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Hsieh, Ming H.
Background/Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety profile between intramuscular (IM) olanzapine and IM haloperidol plus IM lorazepam in acute schizophrenic patients with moderate to severe agitation. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, open-label study. Acutely agitated patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (n = 67) were randomized to receive 10 mg IM olanzapine (n = 37) or 5 mg IM haloperidol plus 2 mg IM lorazepam (n = 30). Agitation was measured with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Excited Component (PANSS-EC) and AgitationeCalmness Evaluation Scale (ACES) during the first 2 hours and at 24 hours after the first injection. Safety was assessed using the SimpsoneAngus Scale and Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale and by recording adverse events at 24 hours following the first injection. The Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale was also rated. Results: The PANSS-EC scores decreased significantly at 2 hours after the first injection in both groups (olanzapine: -10.2, p < 0.001; haloperidol + lorazepam: -9.9, p < 0.001). Haloperidol plus lorazepam was not inferior to olanzapine in reducing agitation at 2 hours. There were no significant differences in PANSS-EC or ACES scores between the two groups within 2 hours following the first injection. The frequencies of adverse events and changes in Clinical Global Impression-Severity, SimpsoneAngus Scale, and Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale scores from baseline to 24 hours showed no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: The findings suggest that IM haloperidol (5 mg) plus lorazepam (2 mg) is not inferior to IM olanzapine (10 mg) in the treatment of acute schizophrenic patients with moderate to severe agitation. Copyright (C) 2015, Elsevier Taiwan LLC & Formosan Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Outcome of Severe Obsessive-compulsive Disorder With Schizotypal Features: A Pilot Study
(2011-02-01)
Huang, Lung-Cheng
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Hwang, Tzung-Jeng
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Huang, Guan-Hua
;
Hwu, Hai-Gwo
;
統計學研究所
Background/Purpose: Long-term outcome of patients with severe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizotypal features has been rarely studied. We investigated this issue in this retrospective pilot study. Methods: Twenty-two patients with severe OCD and schizotypal features were identified by chart review. Another 22 ()CD patients without schizotypal features (OCD-NS) served as the comparison group. Those with schizotypal features must not fulfill a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizotypal disorder. After an average follow-up of 6.6 years, each patient received a re-diagnosis clinical interview. Relevant demographic and clinical data were collected. Patients with schizotypal features were classified into two groups after re-diagnosis: those with schizophrenia or schizotypal disorder (OCD-SS group, n=9) and those with only schizotypal traits (OCD-ST group, n=13) that did not fulfill a well-formed schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. Demographic data, family history, clinical symptoms, and OCD course were compared among the three patient groups. Results: Compared with the OCD-NS group, the OCD-SS group was significantly less educated, less likely to be married or female, and had earlier onset of illness and poorer OCD course (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in any demographic and clinical variables between the OCD-SS and OCD-ST groups except that the OCD-ST group had a significantly better OCD course (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The findings suggest that a substantial proportion of the patients with severe OCD and schizotypal features evolve into schizophrenia spectrum disorder and are associated with a poor long-term outcome, whereas the OCD-NS group might stay with limited manifestations of schizotypal features and have a better outcome.
Patient subgroups of schizophrenia based on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale: composition and transition between acute and subsided disease states
(2011-09-01)
Huang, Guan-Hua
;
Tsai, Hsiu-Hui
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Hwu, Hai-Gwo
;
Chen, Chen-Hsin
;
Liu, Chen-Chung
The present study focuses on schizophrenia patient subgroups with specific symptom pattern using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). In this report, we intend to (1) provide a more appropriate analytic method for exploring the subgroups based on PANSS data, (2) validate identified subgroups with external variables, and (3) estimate probabilities of subgroup changes between 2 disease states. The analyzed data include 219 acute-state patients who had completed the PANSS within 1 week of index admission and 225 subsided-state patients who were living in the community and under family care. Regression extension of latent class analysis was performed. We found that acute schizophrenia can be classified into 4 subgroups whole syndrome, whole syndrome without hostility, partial syndrome with negative symptoms, and partial syndrome with pure reality distortion and that subsided schizophrenia can be classified into 3 subgroups florid symptom, marked negative, and remitted. Patients of the whole syndrome, whole syndrome without hostility, partial syndrome with negative symptoms, and partial syndrome with pure reality distortion subgroups at the acute state were most likely to transit to the florid symptom (61%), florid symptom (48%), marked negative (42%), and remitted (56%) subgroups at the subsided state, respectively. Significant relationships of obtained subgroups with sociodemographic variables and neurocognitive variables were identified. These results of different subgroups will provide the background for facilitating current molecular, genetic, and neurobiological studies of schizophrenia. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.