Browsing by Author "Ivanov, Ilia N."

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Probing Local Ionic Dynamics in Functional Oxides at the Nanoscale
(2013-08-01)
Strelcov, Evgheni
;
Kim, Yunseok
;
Jesse, Stephen
;
Cao, Ye
;
Ivanov, Ilia N.
A scanning probe microscopy technique for probing local ionic dynamics in electrochemically active materials based on the first-order reversal curve current-voltage (FORC-IV) method is presented. FORC-IV imaging mode is applied to a Ca-substituted bismuth ferrite (Ca-BFO) system to separate the electronic and ionic phenomena in this material and visualize the spatial variability of these behaviors. The variable-temperature measurements further demonstrate the interplay between the thermally and electric-field-driven resistance changes in Ca-BFO. The FORC-IV is shown to be a simple, powerful, and flexible method for studying electrochemical activity of materials at the nanoscale and, in conjunction with the electrochemical strain microscopy, it can be used for differentiating ferroelectric and ionic behaviors.