Browsing by Author "Kao, WC"

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A novel algal toxicity testing technique for assessing the toxicity of both metallic and organic toxicants
(2005-05-01)
Lin, JH
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Kao, WC
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Tsai, KP
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Chen, CY
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環境工程研究所
This study presents a closed-system algal toxicity test technique that is capable of detecting the effects of both organic and metallic toxicants. Toxicity testing was conducted by transferring adequate amounts of algal suspension, dilution water (with culture growth medium), and toxicants into 300-mL BOD bottles. The BOD bottles were completely filled up with no head-space left. The initial cell density and the exposure time were 15,000 cells/mL and 48 h, respectively. The performance of the above test method was evaluated using three heavy metals and six organic toxicants based on three different test endpoints, i.e., dissolved oxygen production, algal growth rate, and cell density. The proposed test revealed excellent test sensitivity and reproducibility. Currently, none of the existing algal toxicity test protocols is adequate for assessing the toxicity of organic chemicals. The closed-system algal toxicity tests developed by previous researchers also may not be ideal because the enlarged headspace and/or enriched bicarbonate buffer may result in either underestimations of the exposure concentrations or insensitive responses to both heavy metals and organic toxicants. Compared to the aforementioned algal toxicity test methods, the proposed technique in the present study has a more general applicability under conditions such as effluent samples containing both metals and organic toxicants or samples with unknown compositions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Outage and coverage considerations for microcellular mobile radio systems in a shadowed-Rician/shadowed-Nakagami environment
(1999-01-01)
Lin, JC
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Kao, WC
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Su, YT
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Lee, TH
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電信工程研究所
This paper presents outage analysis and the associated reuse distance and service area estimations for microcellular mobile radio systems that operate in a shadowed-Rician/shadowed-Nakagami fading environment. Outages caused either by the minimum carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR) requirement alone or by the CIR plus the minimum signal strength [or, equivalently, carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR)] requirements are considered. The desired signal is assumed to suffer from Rician fading while the interference signals from cochannel cells experience Nakagami fading, The interferers may have identical or different statistics, In addition, the local mean strength of the desired and interference signals may fluctuate due to shadowing.
The effects of Rician fading and multiple CCI on differentially detected GMSK signals
(1997)
Su, YT
;
Kao, WC
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Li, JS
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交大名義發表
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電信工程研究所
The paper presents the bit error rate (BER) analysis of a GMSK system employing various forms of differential detections. The desired signal is assumed to experience Rician fading while multiple co-channel interference (CCI) suffer from Rayleigh fading. The effects of fading rate (fast or slow fading) and time and frequency dispersions are also examined.