Browsing by Author "Liao, HL"

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A fast lane and vehicle detection approach for autonomous vehicles
(2005)
Wu, BF
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Lin, CT
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Chen, CJ
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Lai, TC
;
Liao, HL
This paper proposes a lane detection algorithm, a fuzzy-based vehicle detection approach and a distance measurement method for intelligent autonomous vehicles. The lane detection algorithm reduces computational load and has proven successful on highway and in urban settings at different velocities (110km/h and 50km/h, respectively). The proposed fuzzy-based vehicle detection approach named Contour Size Similarity (CSS), compares the contour size of objects by fuzzy rules. CSS efficiently distinguishes target obstacles, namely vehicles, from other objects detected and differentiates between obstacles and pattern on the road surface. After the nearest vehicle in the lane is found, we estimate its distance to the intelligent autonomous vehicle according to its position in the image. Then the information obtained would sever as aids for automatic driving of the intelligent autonomous vehicles.
Cycloadditions of 16-electron 1,3-dipoles with ethylene. A density functional and CCSD(T) study
(1999-09-03)
Su, MD
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Liao, HL
;
Chung, WS
;
Chu, SY
;
應用化學系
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (DC) reactions of ethylene with nitrile ylide (CNC), nitrile imine (CNN), nitrile oxide (CNO), diazomethane (NNC), azine (NNN), and nitrous oxide (NNO) in the gas phase were examined using the density functional theory and CCSD(T) calculations. All of the structures, including the precursor complexes;and the transition structures, were completely optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G* level with single-point energies evaluated at CCSD(T)/6-311G**. The theoretical results suggest that the activation energies for the DC reactions of nitrile-type molecules (CNC, CNN, and CNO) are small (5.1-11 kcal/mol) and these reactions are very exothermic (-77 to -46 kcal/mol). In contrast, the DC reactions of NNC, NNN, and NNO are less exothermic (-39 to -6.0 kcal/mol) and have larger activation barriers (13-29 kcal/mol). Moreover, this work shows that the configuration mixing (CM) model based on Press and Shaik's theory can successfully predict the relative ordering of the activation energy and reaction enthalpies of DC reactions; Combining our theoretical calculations and the CM model, the following conclusion emerges: a 16-electron 1,3-dipole reactant with more electropositive substituents at the terminal positions will possess a smaller singlet-triplet splitting. This will facilitate cycloaddition with the dipolarophile and will result in a larger exothermicity.