Browsing by Author "Lin, Chien-Ming"

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Association between Gastroenterological Malignancy and Diabetes Mellitus and Anti-Diabetic Therapy: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study
(2015-05-15)
Lin, Chien-Ming
;
Huang, Hui-Ling
;
Chu, Fang-Ying
;
Fan, Hueng-Chuen
;
Chen, Hung-An
Background The relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer incidence has been evaluated in limited kinds of cancer. The effect of anti-diabetic therapy (ADT) on carcinogenesis among diabetic patients is also unclear. Materials and Methods Using population-based representative insurance claims data in Taiwan, 36,270 DM patients and 145,080 comparison subjects without DM were identified from claims from 2005 to 2010. The association between the top ten leading causes of cancer-related death in Taiwan and DM was evaluated. Whether ADT altered the risk of developing cancer was also investigated. Results Incidence of cancer at any site was significantly higher in patients with DM than in those without (p<0.001). The risk of carcinogenesis imparted by DM was greatest in gastroenterological malignancies (liver, pancreas, and colorectal cancer) as well as lung, breast and oral cancer (p<0.001). Among the oral types of ADT, metformin decreased the risk of lung and liver cancer, but had less effect on reducing the risk of colorectal cancer. alpha-glucosidase inhibitor decreased the risk of developing liver, colorectal, and breast cancer. Apart from intermediateacting insulin, rapid-acting, long-acting, and combination insulin treatment significantly reduced the overall cancer risk among all DM patients. In subgroup analysis, long-acting insulin treatment significantly decreased the risk of lung, liver, and colorectal cancer. Conclusion Our results supported the notion that pre-existing DM increases the incidence of gastroenterological cancer. ADT, especially metformin, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, and long-acting insulin treatment, may protect patients with DM against these malignancies. It is crucial that oncologists should closely collaborate with endocrinologists to provide an optimal cancerspecific therapy and diabetic treatment to patients simultaneously with cancer and DM.
Phase transitional behaviour of S-shaped oligomers incorporating biphenylene and cholesterol entities
(2017-01-01)
Osman, Faridah
;
Yeap, Guan-Yeow
;
Maeta, Nobuyuki
;
Ito, Masato M.
;
Lin, Chien-Ming
A new series of symmetrical S-shaped oligomers 4,4'-bis[(5-cholesteryloxycarbonylpentyl alkoxy)hexyloxy]biphenyl consisting of outer spacers -(COCH2)(n)- as well as an inner spacer -(CH2)(6)- has been synthesised. Their liquid crystalline properties and phase transition temperatures with associated enthalpy changes are recorded. The outer spacers are varied from n=5-8 to 10 and 11. The compounds with even spacer exhibit enantiotropic phase and oligomers with odd parity display monotropic phase. The oligomers with odd membered n=5, 7 and 11 exhibit N* and SmC* phases upon cooling. Whilst upon heating, the homologues with even-numbered member n=6 and 10 show N* phase and upon cooling, both compounds exhibit N* and SmC* phases. However, oligomer with outer spacer n=8 displays enantiotropic N* and SmC* phases. The temperature range of N* phase for even and odd membered decreased as the outer spacers are increased. The odd-even effect has been found in the I-N* transition temperatures where the odd-parity oligomers exhibit lower values when compared to compounds of an even-parity series. The X-ray diffraction measurements reveal the appearance of SmC* phase that can be associated with the monolayer ordering of these oligomers.