Browsing by Author "Lin, Chii-Wann"

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A Novel Multivariate Analysis Method with Noise Reduction
(2009)
Chang, Shu-Hao
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Chiou, Yu-Jen
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Yu, Chun
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Lin, Chii-Wann
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Hsiao, Tzu-Chien
In this paper, we develop a novel Partial Regularized Least Squares (PRLS) method which combined regularization algorithm with Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis for noise reduction application. In general, Least Squares and PLS fall into an overfitting problem with ill-posed condition. It means that some feature selections make the training data to have better adaptability to the model, but the quality of prediction would be poorly compared to the training data for the testing information. We usually expected that the selected model should have consistent predicted result between the training data and testing data. In order to evaluate the performance of PRLS method, we generate two simulation data, i.e. cosine waveform and 8th polynomial waveform with Gaussian distribution noisy for calculating two values, i.e. Correlation Coefficient value (RR value) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for testing. The results show that the RR value of PRLS is higher than PLS's at increasing noise-to-signal ratio. As well the RMSE of PRLS is lower than PLS's at same S/N ratio. We also show that the PRLS approximates to the desired output at calibration. It can be applied in real-world noise reduction in the future.
Advanced Plasmonic Biosensing Devices and Automation Systems for Disease Diagnostic and Drug Screening Applications
(2008-01-01)
Chiu, Nan-Fu
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Wey, Tzuu-Shaang
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Yu, Chun
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Hsiao, Tzu-Chien
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Lin, Chii-Wann
Bio-plasmonics is proposed for the research and development of novel devices, which use biomolecules as a part of the plasmon oscillation system to actively interact with nano/micro structure. We have reported a novel design of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) device and system, which uses alternative dielectric layers to enhance the SPR signal quality and modulate its resonant position. The use of biomolecular thin film, such as DNAs or Proteins, in this design can result in resonant condition of wavelength changes and thus can be detected by using nano-grating in the scattering mode with ehanced feature due to resonance. According to our calculation, it can provide ultra sensitivity system (dLx/dn) of 10(8) for biosensor applications. The fundamental SPR principle and extended application of these fundamental principles and novel devices, including screening and diagnosis, will be discussed SPR-system to control is the ability. SPR-system has the ability to detect, in near real-time, the concentration of a target analyte and biosensing is viewed as a key application domain for this new technology.
Chaotic Phase Space Differential (CPSD) Algorithm for Real-Time Detection of VF, VT, and PVC ECG Signals
(2009)
Liu, Chien-Sheng
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Lin, Yu-Chiun
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Chuang, Yueh-Hsun
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Hsiao, Tze-Chien
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Lin, Chii-Wann
The continuous evolution of electrocardiography (ECG) recording has enabled the successful development of many significant applications of this vital signal for clinical diagnosis and monitoring. Recent trends in device miniaturization and wireless transmission have extended the uses of such a signal modality to telemedicine for home cares. However, it has posted new technical challenges for the scenarios of home users and associated business models. Among them, a smart algorithm for real time or early indication of critical cardiac conditions, e.g. ventricular fibrillation (VF), Ventricular Tachycardia (VT), are extremely important for sharing the work loads of remote side for proper responses and delivery of health care. It would be also rather critical to fit such a computation task into the wearable or mobile device for the requirement of low power consumption. In this paper, we report the development of a novel analysis algorithm based on Time-Delayed Phase Space Reconstruction (PSR) method to differentiate abnormal ECG segments from entire records. We used BIH-MIT arrhythmia database and CU database to verify our original ideas. According to our test results, this algorithm successfully identified the three heart diseases of PVC (Premature Ventricular Contraction), VF (Ventricular Fibrillation) and VT (Ventricular Tachycardia) immediately. We calculated the statistic parameters to estimate the efficiency: the average of sensitivity is 98.7% and the specificity reaches 96.2%. We also implemented this algorithm for wearable applications in a single-chip micro controller (MSP430, TI) for arrhythmia ECG data. The total code size is about a few hundred bytes and the execute time meets the order of sub-second. This new algorithm provides a powerful real-time index for clinical diagnosis and long-term home-care applications.
Education system integration in cross-disciplinary with colleges - Virtual biomedical instrument (VBI) for example
(2008-06-01)
Hsiao, Tzu-Chien
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Chang, Chia-Chi
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Liu, Chien-Sheng
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Lin, Chii-Wann
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Wang, Chih-Yu
Due to the rapid development of computer science, software, and biomedical engineering, many clinical diagnosis instruments and control system improved accordingly. The minimization and practicality of sensors, as well as the efficiency and stability of computers make simulation control system in medical instruments become the most important part of developing items. The relevant subject of course, virtual biomedical instrumentations (VBI), which combined with computer science, electrical engineering, and medical science, has become a major developing course in biomedical education. Cross-disciplinary research needs experts in different areas and most cross-disciplinary schools cannot afford it. So it requires integration and cooperation between schools. To address this issue, a graduated course has been designed to provide an opportunity for all professions in each field to discuss and share their resources on an e-learning platform. With the progress of the project, VBI course integrates biomedical education resources from north to south colleges to reduce the request of manpower for cross-disciplinary course of biomedical. In addition, VBI courses initiate the cooperation between academic community and industry.
Electrical properties of single and multiple poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanowires for sensing nitric oxide gas
(2009-04-27)
Lu, Hui-Hsin
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Lin, Chia-Yu
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Hsiao, Tzu-Chien
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Fang, Yueh-Yuan
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Ho, Kuo-Chuan
The electrical properties of conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), nanowires were studied to develop nitric oxide (NO) gas sensors with low working temperatures. A nanowire with a diameter of 300 nm was fabricated using dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) across a 55 mu m gap between a pair of electrodes. The electrical properties of single or multiple PEDOT nanowires were examined by plotting the current-voltage (I-V) curves in the range -3 V to +3 V at temperatures between 298 K and 393 K. The conductance of parallel wires was normalized with respect to the dimensions of the fabricated nanowires. The single nanowire exhibited nonlinear conductance associated with hysteresis but multiple wires did not. The currents increased with the temperature and the I-V characteristics were consistent with the power lawG(T)alpha T(alpha) with alpha similar to 5.14 and 5.43. The responses to NO were highly linear and reproducible, indicating that sensing using PEDOT nanowires was reliable with a minimal concentration of NO of 10 ppm. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Fabrication of silicon dioxide nano array for bio-mimicking of molecular interactions
(2008-01-01)
Lu, Hui-Hsin
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Lin, Chii-Wann
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Hsiao, Tzu-Chien
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Lee, Chih-Kung
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Hsu, Su-Ming
We employed atomic force microscopy (AFM) with bias control to fabricate oxided nanopatterns on silicon surface with feature size down to 50nm. The relationship of silicon dioxide nanopattems against humidity was studied and then the optimal parameter was used to make oxide nanoarry for interaction of biotin and streptavidin. The scanning function of AFM was utilized to verify the different height of biomolecules. According to our experimental results, using nano biochip of silicon dioxide can decrease the monitoring scale to nanometer and can be the nano-platform for monitoring the behavior of biomolecular interaction. We anticipate mimicking the correlation of single molecular behavior and an array of biomolecular behavior to understand the coincidence of them.
Implementation of Smart Medical Home Gateway System for Chronic Patients
(2009)
Yu, Chun
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Yang, Jhih-Jyun
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Hsiao, Tzu-Chien
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Liu, Pei-Ling
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Yao, Kai-Ping
Because of the rapid aging population in Taiwan and the trend of fewer children, people are looking into technical solutions for continuous/intermittent monitoring of vital signs in the home setting environment and the interactions between family members. In this study, we have designed and implemented a home medical gateway system to connect the home-care side and the health informatics side. The home-care part provides five vital signs monitoring and on-line feedback message. Users are allowed to browse their records and read the received health information (e.g. physical checkup, health education, preventive inoculation...etc.) on the Flash based interface. This study also evaluated the practicability of the home gateway system. The number of interviewees is twenty. The analysis results show the positive user feedback of the system, and have high potential to promote the quality of patient\'s life. An example case of obstructed sleep apnea (OSA) patient has been studied with this system. The result shows that the gateway system can help the OSA patient to monitor and improve their sleep quality.
Monitoring Biomolecular Interaction with 1-D Plasmonic Nanostructure by Using Dark Field Microscopy
(2009)
Lu, Hui-Hisn
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Lin, Chii-Wann
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Fang, Yueh-Yuan
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Hsiao, Tzu-Chien
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Hsu, Su-Ming
This study presents an imaging technique combining multi-functional dark field microscopy (DFM) with spectroscopy to image the nanostructures of different formats of optical disks and identify their optical properties by absorption spectra. The resolution of this DFM system is determined using one-dimension nanostructure with lengths from 160 nm to 600 nm. The pattern sizes are confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results show that DFM resolution is about 160 nm with the current setup, and the resulting DFM image size appears to be slightly larger than a AFM image. We then deposited a 50 nm gold film on top of these nanostructures and measured their absorption spectra to identify the relationship between surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectra and one-dimensional nanostructures. The immobilization of streptavidin on the surface of the gold-coated nanostructure causes changes in the absorption spectrum ranging from 450nm to 650nm.
Nanopatterning on Silicon Wafers Using AFM-Based Lithography-for Solar Cells
(2009-03-01)
Lu, Hui-Hsin
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Lin, Chii-Wann
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Hsiao, Tzu-Chien
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Lee, Chih-Kung
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Hsu, Su-Ming
In this report, the nanopatterning method based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) with electrical bias to form the oxide patterns on silicon wafer is described. Under constant bias, 30 V, the linear pattern size is proportional to the rising humidity in the working environment. According to our experimental results, the sizes of the most circular nanopatterns are in the range from 50 nm to 70 nm depending on the applied bias and interaction time. In the results of evaluating the generation of oxidative production, the diameters and the number of oxide two dimensional nanopattern array, defaulted to 25 dots in 1 mu m(2), appeared in the AFM images have increasing tendency with the larger bias and the longer dwell time. Moreover, the imaging features of nanopatterns caused by bias 30 V have better performance than those by 10 V, and the dwell time only takes 0.015 s per dot.
NO Gas Sensor of PEDOT: PSS Nanowires by Using Direct Patterning DPN
(2008)
Lu, Hui-Hisn
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Lin, Chia-Yu
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Fang, Yueh-Yuan
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Hsiao, Tzu-Chien
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Ho, Kuo-Chuan
Nitric oxide (NO) detection is a critical issue for environmental safety and medical diagnosis due reasons with regard to the toxic properties for human body and metabolic index for respiratory disease, respectively. Development of gas sensor with high sensitivity is very important because the concentration of NO gas in the environment and respiratory tract is extremely low, therefore not readily detectable. The material with nanostructure can improve the sensitivity of sensor owning to surface effect and size effect. Herein, we developed a new type of gaseous nanosensor assembled by 34 nanowires of conducting polymer, PEDOT: PSS. The nanowires were fabricated by dip pen nanolithography (DPN) with the length of 55 um and diameter of 300 nm between golden wires. The NO gas measurement is based on chemiresistor based methods. The result of dynamic measurement of NO gas at 100 ppm shows repeatability and stability; the recovery time is 10.4 minutes. Moreover, the lowest concentration of NO gas in static measurement is 10ppm at 80 C, which also shows the ability sensing at low temperature.
Optical Characterization of a 1-D Nanostructure by Dark-Field Microscopy and Surface Plasmon Resonance to Determine Biomolecular Interactions
(2010-03-01)
Lu, Hui-Hsin
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Hsiao, Tzu-Chien
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Hsu, Su-Ming
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Lin, Chii-Wann
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分子醫學與生物工程研究所
This paper presents a multifunctional imaging system that combines dark-field microscopy (DFM) with spectroscopy to image nanostructures and identify their optical properties from absorption spectra. The optical resolving power of this system is determined using a 1-D nanostructure with pitches of 120, 390, and 770 nm with four formats of optical disks. These pattern sizes are verified by atomic force microscopy (AFM) first. The results demonstrate that the resolving power of current system setup can down to 86 nm. The resultant DFM images appear to be slightly larger than the AFM images. A 50-nm-thick gold film was then deposited on top of these nanostructures, and their absorption spectra were obtained to elucidate its optical properties, enhanced by surface plasmon resonance. The immobilization of streptavidin on the surface of gold-coated nanostructure causes the absorption spectra to shift from 600 to 610 nm. A protein nanoarray with a dot size of 50 nm was also imaged by DFM, and can be implemented as a potential biochemical diagnostic system on an optical disk format. Specimens of adenocarcinoma cells and ovary cancer cells were also imaged using this DFM system, and the nuclei structure and some cellular organs can be recognized using a 100 objective oil lens.
Rapid wheezing detection algorithm for real-time asthma diagnosis and personal health care
(2009)
Yu, Chun
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Hsiao, Tzu-Chien
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Tsai, Tzu-Hsiu
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Huang, Shi-Ing
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Lin, Chii-Wann
Pulmonary disease, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), has been a major health concern throughtout the world. It would thus be necessary to develop an effective monitorning device and a real-time diagnosis algorithm for targeted populations, especially for children. Wheezing sound induced by asthma is a critical index for clinicians to make diagnosis. The traditional way to detect wheezing sound is to utilize the digital image process (DIP) method for tracking the specific wheezing pattern appeared in the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) spectral graph of respiratory sound. However, this method requires intensive computation and thus is difficult to implement for real-time diagnosis and low power consumption for personal health care system. In this study, we developed a new wheezing detection algorithm which is based on the estimation of correlation-coefficient of respiratory sound spectrum, called respiratory spectrum correlation-coefficient method (RSCM) in place of DIP step. Because of low memory quest of RSCM process, it can be installed easily in the microcontroller or PDA. We have implanted RSCM to a personal asthma daily care system based on both laptop and PDA. User can measure the respiratory sound by designed microphone input and real-time diagnose the occurrence of asthma. In the initial test, thirteen cases (six for wheezing and seven for normal) of respiratory sound were collected from the public domain websites. The result shows that the sensitivity and specificity for wheezing detection are 83% and 86%, respectively. This result assures the possibility to meet the demands of personal health care.
The differential method of phase space matrix for AF/VF discrimination application
(2010-06-01)
Liu, Chien-Sheng
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Tseng, Wei-Kung
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Lee, Jen-Kuang
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Hsiao, Tze-Chien
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Lin, Chii-Wann
The advances in electrocardiographic (ECG) technology have facilitated the development of numerous successful clinical applications and commercial monitoring products for diagnosing disease and monitoring health. All of these demand the development of smart algorithms and computational resources for the real-time, early indication of critical cardiac conditions. This study presents the development of a Complex Phase Space Difference (CPSD) algorithm with differential method to analyze spatial and temporal changes in reconstructed phase space matrix, and derives an index for real-time monitoring. We used total of 5306 data segments from MIT-BIH, CU, and SCDH databases and clinical trial data to determine the optimal working parameters and verified the classification capability by using a quantitative index of this algorithm. With threshold values set to 2.0 and 6.0, this method can successfully differentiate normal sinus rhythm (NSR) signals (1.48 +/- 0.21), low risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) signals (3.71 +/- 0.99) and high risk of ventricular fibrillation (VF) signals (9.38 +/- 2.22). It is the first real-time algorithm that reports the best performance to distinguish AF and VF with sensitivity of 97.9% and specificity of 98.4%. With self-normalization, the algorithm is not subjected to the inter-variability or sampling size effects. Its computational scheme only requires matrices addition and subtraction, and thus significantly reduces the complexity for real-time implementation. It will be able to adopt in different scenarios of tele-healthcare and implantable applications. (C) 2010 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.