Browsing by Author "Lin, Chun-Hung"

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A concise synthesis of single components of partially sulfated oligomannans
(2015-01-01)
Mong, Kwok-Kong Tony
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Shiau, Kai-Sheng
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Lin, Yu Hsien
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Cheng, Kuang-Chun
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Lin, Chun-Hung
A concise synthesis of single components of C2 sulfated oligomannans including trimers, tetramers, and pentamers is reported. The synthesis features the application of the DMF-modulation method for the participatory thiomannoside donors in 1,2-trans alpha-glycosidic bond formation. The obtained oligomannans were fully characterized using H-1, C-13, COSY, and HSQC NMR spectroscopy.
A flexible 1,2-cis alpha-glycosylation strategy based on in situ adduct transformation
(2017-07-07)
Hu, Jhe-Cyuan
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Feng, Ai-Fen Wendy
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Chang, Bo-Yao
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Lin, Chun-Hung
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Mong, Kwok-Kong Tony
A flexible 1,2-cis alpha-selective glycosylation strategy for a wide range of glycosyl donors and acceptors has been developed, which is based on an in situ adduct transformation protocol. Based on this strategy, both NFM-derived and iodide covalent adducts can be accessed for glycosylation. Using low temperature NMR spectroscopy, the aforementioned glycosyl adducts were detected.
A new organic/inorganic electroluminescent material with a silsesquioxane core
(2009-04-01)
Cheng, Chih-Chia
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Chien, Chen-Han
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Yen, Ying-Chieh
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Ye, Yun-Sheng
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Ko, Fu-Hsiang
This paper describes a new polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-based blue-light electroluminescent nanoparticle, octakis[N-(9-ethyl-9-H-carbazol-3-yl)undecanamide-11-dimethylsiloxy]silsesquioxane (POSS-C11-Cz), which contains eight carbazole chromophore arms, synthesized through the hydrosilation reaction of octakis(dimethylsiloxy)silsesquioxane with the terminal olefin Cz-C11ene. POSS-C11-Cz exhibits good thermal and electrochemical stabilities and good film-forming properties. The optical and photoluminescence spectra of POSS-C11-Cz in solution and in the solid state indicate a reduction in the degrees of aggregation and excimer formation because inter-chain interactions were prohibited by the bulky POSS core. Moreover, photoluminescence spectra of a POSS-C11-Cz (3 wt.%,)/polyfluorene (97 blend revealed that the color was stable after heating the sample at 200 degrees C for 5 h; in contrast, the pure polyfluorene exhibited a significant green emission at 530 nm. A triple-layer device based on this blend exhibited higher maximum brightness and luminance efficiencies relative to those of the pure polyfluorene. Thus, the organic/inorganic POSS-C11-Cz/polyfluorene blend has potential for use in polymeric light-emitting diodes because of its improved thermal and optoelectronic characteristics. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc.
A novel TDR signal processing technique for measuring apparent dielectric spectrum
(2017-01)
Lin, Chih-Ping
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Ngui, Yin Jeh
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Lin, Chun-Hung
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交大名義發表
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National Chiao Tung University
Conventional time-domain reflectometry (TDR) signal interpretation generated single-valued apparent dielectric constant, while sophisticated, inconvenient measurement system and analysis is needed for measuring spectral complex dielectric permittivity (CDP). Niching between these approaches, a novel phase velocity analysis (PVA) method is developed to efficiently measure apparent dielectric spectrum (ADS) directly from TDR signals in a simple, quick, model-free, and inversion-free manner. The proposed PVA method extracts the two reflections from the top and end of the sensing probe by proper window selection and calculates their phase shift at each frequency, from which the phase velocity and corresponding apparent dielectric constant can be determined. Numerical and experimental results demonstrated that PVA is capable of measuring ADS in a frequency band, typically from 100 MHz-1 GHz. The effect of signal truncation was identified as the main cause of poor results outside the effective frequency band. Factors that affect the frequency band of effective ADS were numerically investigated. For highly dispersive materials, the end reflection pulse does not fully develop before the arrival of subsequent multiple reflections, resulting in severe truncation error and decreasing the upper frequency of effective ADS. Methods to estimate and extend the frequency band of effective ADS were further proposed. The simple procedures behind PVA, and its computationally efficient nature, make this method suitable for field monitoring. The resultant ADS is a potential improvement to current applications utilizing a travel time approach.
Adaptive Two-Stage Fuzzy Temperature Control for an Electroheat System
(2009-03-01)
Wang, Chih-Hu
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Lin, Chun-Hung
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Lee, Bore-Kuen
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Liu, Chien-Nan Jimmy
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Su, Chauchin
In this paper, we construct a simple adaptive two-stage fuzzy temperature tracking controller for a commercial electroheat system. Being not well isolated from the environment, it is hard to build an analytical model for the system due to heat convection caused by a fan for heat mixing in the chamber, heat leakage to the environment, variation of the environment temperature, and uncertain nonlinear heating dynamics. Also, as a commercial product by using cheap heater coils and without equipping a cooling system, this system usually has a bad transient response such as a long rise time, a large overshoot, and a long settling time. Moreover, temperature tracking at the steady-state phase is not easy to maintain due to heat interaction with the environment. Here, in the presence of the unknown system dynamics, we use a two-stage fuzzy controller to improve the transient response. Furthermore, a simple fine-tuning adaptive control scheme is proposed to overcome environmental influence and ensure tracking of the temperature setting. Simulation study and experimental results show good performance of the adaptive fuzzy temperature control system.
An Improved Modeling of TDR Signal Propagation for Measuring Complex Dielectric Permittivity
(2015-12-01)
Lin, Chih-Ping
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Tang, Shr-Hong
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Lin, Chun-Hung
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Chung, Chih-Chung
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土木工程學系
Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a measurement technique based upon transmission line theory. The solutions of transmission line equations are reformulated in terms of independent physical properties, instead of coupled per-unit-length circuit parameters. The complete TDR response is effectively modeled by a non-uniform transmission line using the non-recursive ABCD matrix approach. Approaches to calibrate line parameters and perform TDR measurements based upon such model are introduced with an example on dielectric spectroscopy. TDR modeling in terms of decoupled physical parameters and non-recursive algorithm allows more convenient calibration of line parameters and facilitates interpretation of TDR measurements.
Application of surface wave method in assessment of ground modification with improvement columns
(2017-07-01)
Lin, Chun-Hung
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Lin, Chih-Ping
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Dai, Yung-Zheng
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Chien, Chih-Jung
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交大名義發表
Surface wave testing is considered a promising method for assessing average property and actual area replacement ratio of ground modification with improvement columns, owing to its non-destructive nature and large sampling range. However, the surface wave method is essentially a 1-D method assuming horizontally-layered medium. What it measures in highly heterogeneous improved ground remains to be investigated. This study aimed at evaluating the feasibility of surface wave method in the heterogeneous ground with improved columns, and investigating the homogenization of shear wave velocity and the lateral sampling range. Field tests on a jet grouted construction site showed that the surface wave method worked well in such heterogeneous grounds and yielded a site-representative shear wave velocity profile regardless of the survey location. This is attributed to the survey condition where the wavelength is greater than the spacing of grout columns. 1-D analytical models and 2-D numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the quantitative relation between construction parameters and the percentage increase of shear wave velocity after ground improvement. A quantitative approach to estimate the area replacement ratio and overall quality of improvement columns by surface wave testing is proposed. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Applications and challenges of near surface geophysics in geotechnical engineering
(2015-08-01)
Lin, Chih-Ping
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Lin, Chun-Hung
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Wu, Po-Lin
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Liu, Hsing-Chang
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Hung, Ying-Chun
Geophysical exploration methods have been applied to geotechnical engineering problem since their early developments. However, the results often do not live up to engineers\' expectations. Works still need be done before we see the widespread use of geophysical methods in engineering practice. This study provides an overview of newer developments and applications of near surface geophysical techniques in geotechnical problems. More importantly, the limitations and challenges of current geophysical methods in this context are identified and possible countermeasures are proposed. Near surface geophysical techniques, such as travel time velocity tomography, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and multi-channel analysis of surface wave (MASW), have advanced significantly in the last couple of decades within the scientific community. The applications of these methods in Taiwan\' s geotechnical problems are first examined, including assessment of liquefaction potential, evaluation of dam safety, investigation of soil and groundwater contamination, and quality control and assurance of ground improvements. The seismic travel time tomography was selected to examine the integrity of a concrete dam in terms of P-wave velocity. ERT was used to investigate abnormal seepage in earth dams and soil and groundwater contamination. Shear-wave velocity profiles non-destructively obtained by MASW are relevant to many traditional geotechnical problems, in which the quantitative assessment of liquefaction potential and ground improvements were particularly presented. The effectiveness of these applications is discussed from an engineer\'s perspective, and the associated challenges and practical countermeasures are systematically addressed. The velocity imaging of the concrete dam was quite successful and promising, allowing the engineer non-destructively "CT scan" the strength of the dam body. ERT works in a similar fashion for water-related problems. However, the results on abnormal dam seepage and groundwater contamination were less conclusive since the resistivity depends both on pore-water properties and geological factors. So it\'s important to integrate geological background and results from geotechnical investigation or monitoring. In addition, time-lapse geophysical measurements together with geotechnical monitoring reveal additional information and are valuable for geotechnical process control, such as groundwater remediation and ground improvement. Shear-wave velocity, which has a stronger link to geotechnical stiffness property, is now readily measured by MASW. Its applications on assessment of liquefaction potential and ground improvements were quite effective, at least qualitatively. However, MASW is basically a 1-D method and does not provide S-wave velocity image with high spatial resolution. Many limitations and potential pitfalls of geophysical methods exist but are not apparent to end users. They are systematically discussed from an engineer\' s perspective. The non-uniqueness nature and weak link to engineering parameters are common problems of geophysical methods. Reasonable inversion results should be obtained with sufficient a priori information and proper initial models. More conclusive or quantitative engineering interpretation can be achieved by data fusion, time-lapse measurements, and physics-based quantitative modeling. Different assumptions and limitations of investigation depth and spatial resolution are inherent in each geophysical method. They are summarized and made clear to avoid overpromise and over-interpret geophysical results. Some examples of practical countermeasures are illustrated. Finally, researches towards the standardization of geophysical methods are suggested to ultimately promote their widespread use in engineering community. Although successful case studies and innovative applications have strengthened the contribution of new geophysical developments to geotechnical problems, several challenges are identified for more common practice of geophysical surveys in engineering applications from an engineer\'s perspective. These include the lack of standard in data reduction, non-uniqueness of data inversion, limitations of exploration depth and resolution, field conditions violating model assumptions, and the weak link between geophysical parameters and engineering parameters. Relevant researches and practical countermeasures regarding these issues are partially discussed herein. More rational and widespread use of geophysics may be realized through the understanding of the limitations and potential pitfalls of geophysical techniques and researches to overcome them.
Cholesteryl alpha-D-glucoside 6-acyltransferase enhances the adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to gastric epithelium
(2020-03-13)
Jan, Hau-Ming
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Chen, Yi-Chi
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Yang, Tsai-Chen
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Ong, Lih-Lih
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Chang, Chia-Chen
Helicobacter pylori, the most common etiologic agent of gastric diseases including gastric cancer, is auxotrophic for cholesterol and has to hijack it from gastric epithelia. Upon uptake, the bacteria convert cholesterol to cholesteryl 6 '-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (CAG) to promote lipid raft clustering in the host cell membranes. However, how CAG appears in the host to exert the pathogenesis still remains ambiguous. Herein we identified hp0499 to be the gene of cholesteryl alpha-D-glucopyranoside acyltransferase (CGAT). Together with cholesteryl glucosyltransferase (catalyzing the prior step), CGAT is secreted via outer membrane vesicles to the host cells for direct synthesis of CAG. This significantly enhances lipid rafts clustering, gathers adhesion molecules (including Lewis antigens and integrins alpha 5, beta 1), and promotes more bacterial adhesion. Furthermore, the clinically used drug amiodarone was shown as a potent inhibitor of CGAT to effectively reduce the bacterial adhesion, indicating that CGAT is a potential target of therapeutic intervention. Jan et al. identify cholesteryl alpha-D- glucopyranoside acyltransferase as a key enzyme in Helicobacter pylori's synthesis of cholesteryl 6'-O-acyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, which promotes bacterial adhesion. This study provides insights into the H. pylori-induced pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies against it.
Design of Artificial Hollow Moth-Eye Structures Using Anodic Nanocones for High-Performance Optics
(2010-12-28)
Wu, Chia-Tien
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Lin, Chun-Hung
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Cheng, Chieh
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Wu, Chung-Shu
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Ting, Huai-Chen
We demonstrated an innovative approach for the fabrication of self-organized, hollow-to-solid nanocone arrays, using a decoupling two-step anodization of an Al/Ta interlayer on a substrate. The porosity of the hollow nanostructures was tunable by the deposited thickness of Ta film. We also employed subwavelength nanocone arrays as Moth-eye structures for high-performance antireflection coatings. These oxide nanostructures greatly suppressed reflectance over a large range of wavelengths and angles of incidence and displayed a good mechanical stability. When a corresponding porosity was designed, these nanostructures could be applied to various substrates for an effective antireflection coating. In addition, we were able to customize antireflection coatings for various types of substrates or materials of interest based on the suitable coating of initial Ta thickness.
Dispersion analysis of surface wave testing - SASW vs. MASW
(2017-08-01)
Lin, Chih-Ping
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Lin, Chun-Hung
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Chien, Chih-Jung
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交大名義發表
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National Chiao Tung University
The data reduction method for dispersion relation in surface wave testing is conventionally associated with the certain method of data acquisition, for example, phase shift analysis in the two-station SASW method and 2-D multi-station wavefield transformation of surface wave in the MASW method. The fundamental difference in dispersion analysis between the 2-station and multi-station approach was clarified in this study. Limited to the two channel data, conventional dispersion analysis of SASW suffers from possible phase un-wrapping errors, inefficient data filtering and synthesis, and inability to distinguish multiple modes. The MASW approach, on the other hand, can avoid these problems and provide visualization of dispersion relation through 2D wavefield transformation. As opposed to multiple shots in the SASW testing, the MASW testing typically uses only single shot, limiting the obtainable wavelengths due to near field and far field effects. Combining the merits of these two methods, a multi-shot common receiver configuration survey is proposed to acquire multi-station wavefield for 2D wavefield transformation using as few as two receivers. An additional benefit of the multi-shot common receiver configuration is shown to be better control and higher lateral resolution of the measurement range. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Dissecting the Structure-Activity Relationship of Galectin-Ligand Interactions
(2018-02-01)
Chan, Yi-Chen
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Lin, Hsien-Ya
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Tu, Zhijay
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Kuo, Yen-Hsi
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Hsu, Shang-Te Danny
Galectins are -galactoside-binding proteins. As carbohydrate-binding proteins, they participate in intracellular trafficking, cell adhesion, and cell-cell signaling. Accumulating evidence indicates that they play a pivotal role in numerous physiological and pathological activities, such as the regulation on cancer progression, inflammation, immune response, and bacterial and viral infections. Galectins have drawn much attention as targets for therapeutic interventions. Several molecules have been developed as galectin inhibitors. In particular, TD139, a thiodigalactoside derivative, is currently examined in clinical trials for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Herein, we provide an in-depth review on the development of galectin inhibitors, aiming at the dissection of the structure-activity relationship to demonstrate how inhibitors interact with galectin(s). We especially integrate the structural information established by X-ray crystallography with several biophysical methods to offer, not only in-depth understanding at the molecular level, but also insights to tackle the existing challenges.
Diverse Synthesis of Natural Trehalosamines and Synthetic 1,1 '-Disaccharide Aminoglycosides
(2019-01-18)
Lu, Yen-Chu
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Mondal, Soumik
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Wang, Ching-Chi
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Lin, Chun-Hung
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Mong, Kwok-Kong Tony
A general strategy for the diverse synthesis of ten disaccharide aminoglycosides, including natural 2-trehalosamine (1), 3-trehalosamine (2), 4-trehalosamine (3), and neotrehalosyl 3,3 '-diamine (8) and synthetic aminoglycosides 4-7, 9, and 10, has been developed. The aminoglycoside compounds feature different anomeric configurations and numbers of amino groups. The key step for the synthesis was the glycosylation coupling of a stereodirecting donor with a configuration-stable TMS glycoside acceptor. Either the donor or acceptor could be substituted with an azido group. The aminoglycosides prepared in the present study were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy.
Effect of intermolecular hydrogen bonding on low-surface-energy material of poly(vinylphenol)
(2007-04-07)
Lin, Han-Ching
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Wang, Chih-Feng
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Kuo, Shiao-Wei
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Tung, Pao-Hsiang
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Huang, Chih-Feng
We discovered that poly(vinylphenol) (PVPh) possesses an extremely low surface energy (15.7 mJ/m(2)) after a simple thermal treatment procedure, even lower than that of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) ( 2.0 mJ/m(2)) calculated on the basis of the two-liquid geometric method. Infrared analyses indicate that the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of PVPh decreases by converting the hydroxyl group into a free hydroxyl and increasing intramolecular hydrogen bonding after thermal treatment. PVPh results in a lower surface energy because of the decrease of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups. In addition, we also compared surface energies of PVPh-co-PS (polystyrene) copolymers (random and block) and their corresponding blends. Again, these random copolymers possess a lower fraction of intermolecular hydrogen bonding and surface energy than the corresponding block copolymers or blends after similar thermal treatment. This finding provides a unique and easy method to prepare a low-surface-energy material through a simple thermal treatment procedure without using fluoro polymers or silicones.
Effect of lateral heterogeneity on surface wave testing: Numerical simulations and a countermeasure
(2007-06-01)
Lin, Chih-Ping
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Lin, Chun-Hung
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土木工程學系
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Department of Civil Engineering
The surface wave (S-wave) method has gained popularity in engineering practice for determining S-wave velocity depth profiles. A growing trend is towards the application of S-wave testing for spatially 2-D S-wave velocity tomography, ignoring the assumption of horizontally layered medium. A fourth-order velocity-stress finite difference method is used to perform numerical simulations of S-wave testing in earth models with lateral variation. Results show that the lateral heterogeneity induces a non-stationary property in the space domain, resulting in false depth-related dispersion or higher modes if conventional approach based on stationary assumption is used for the dispersion analysis. Artifacts maybe introduced in spatially 2-D S-wave velocity imaging if the effect of lateral heterogeneity is not accounted for. As a potential countermeasure, a high-lateral-resolution S-wave method is proposed to reduce the effect of lateral heterogeneity while maintaining the resolution and depth range of dispersion analysis. It consists of a walk-away survey and a phase-seaming procedure when synthesizing seismograms with different nearest source-to-receiver offset, allowing wide-wavelength dispersion analysis within a small spatial range. The proof of concept is given with several numerical examples. They show that the high-resolution S-wave method can greatly alleviate the effect of lateral heterogeneity and increase spatial resolution. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Game-Based Remedial Instruction in Mastery Learning for Upper-Primary School Students
(2013-04-01)
Lin, Chun-Hung
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Liu, Eric Zhi-Feng
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Chen, Yu-Liang
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Liou, Pey-Yan
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Chang, Maiga
The study examines the effectiveness of using computer games for after-school remedial mastery learning. We incorporated instructional materials related to "area of a circle" into the popular Monopoly game to enhance the performance of sixth-grade students learning mathematics. The program requires that students enter the answers to avoid the shortcomings of multiple-choice questions. Throughout the game, whenever students are unable to answer questions correctly they receive immediate remedial instruction specifically for that question. This study sought to compare the effectiveness of game-based and video-based remedial instruction incorporated with elements of mastery learning. The results demonstrate that (a) both instructional videos and the proposed Monopoly game enhance the learning of mathematical concepts; and (b) the Monopoly game is more effective than instructional videos at leveraging the benefits of mastery learning. The goal of the research was to integrate games and mastery learning into after-school remedial instruction and design a game to practice the steps of mastery learning.
Geotechnical applications and standardization of surface wave method-from engineer's perspective
(2010-01-01)
Lin, Chih-Ping
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Lin, Chun-Hung
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Chang, Tzong-Sheng
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土木工程學系
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Department of Civil Engineering
This paper focuses on the power and concerns of surface wave method in geotechnical applications. It is increasingly used to map not only the vertical variation but also the lateral variation of S-wave velocity. The methods available for surface wave testing and analysis are reviewed and re-examined. Case histories are presented to highlight unique features of surface wave method and point out potential problems. The solution to those problems is proposed and further standardization of surface wave testing is suggested.
Identification of Essential Residues of Human alpha-L-Fucosidase and Tests of Its Mechanism
(2009-01-13)
Liu, Sheng-Wen
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Chen, Chao-Sheng
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Chang, Shih-Shen
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Mong, Kwok-Kong Tony
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Lin, Chun-Hung
Fucosylated glycoconjugates have critical roles in biological processes, but a limited availability Of alpha-L-fucosidase has hampered research on this human enzyme (h-Fuc) at a molecular level. After overexpressing h-Fuc in Escherichia coli as an active form, we investigated the catalytic function of this recombinant enzyme. Based on sequence alignment and structural analysis of close homologues of h-Fuc, nine residues of glutamate and aspartate in h-Fuc were selected for mutagenic tests to determine the essential residues. Among the mutants, D225N, E289Q, and E289G lost catalytic activity significantly; their k(cat) values are 1/5700, 1/430, and 1/340, respectively, of that of the wild-type enzyme. The Bronsted plot for k(cat)/K(m) for the E289G mutant is linear with beta(1g) = -0.93, but that for k(cat) is biphasic, with beta(1g) for poor substrates being -0.88 and for activated substrates being -0.11. The small magnitude of Pig for the activated substrates may indicate that the rate-limiting step of the reaction is defucosylation, whereas the large magnitude of the latter Pig value for the poor substrates indicates that the rate-limiting step of the reaction becomes fucosylation. The kinetic outcomes support an argument that ASp(225) functions as a nucleophile and Glu(289) as a general acid/base catalyst. As further evidence, azide significantly reactivated D225G and E289G, and (1)H NMR spectral analysis confirmed the formation of beta-fucosyl azide and alpha-fucosyl azide in the azide rescues of D225G and E289G catalyses, respectively. As direct evidence to prove the function of Glu(289), an accumulation of fucosyl-enzyme intermediate was detected directly through ESI/MS analysis.
Influence of the mask magnification on imaging in hyper-NA lithography
(2007-06-01)
Lin, Chun-Hung
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Chen, Hsuen-Li
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Ko, Fu-Hsiang
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材料科學與工程學系奈米科技碩博班
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Graduate Program of Nanotechnology , Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Argon fluoride laser (ArF) lithography using immersion technology has the potential to extend the application of optical lithography to 45 nm half-pitch and possibly beyond. By keeping the same 4X magnification factor, the dimensions of the structures on masks are becoming comparable to the exposure wavelength or even smaller. The polarization effect induced by mask features is, however, an issue. The introduction of a larger mask magnification should be strongly considered when poor diffraction efficiencies from subwavelength mask features and the resulting image degradation would be encountered in hyper-NA lithography. The dependence of the diffraction efficiencies on mask pitch and illuminating angle are evaluated. The near-field intensity and phase distributions from the mask are calculated. The imaging performance of 4X and 8X masks for the sub-45 nm node are explored. A rigorous coupled-wave analysis is developed and employed to analyze the optical diffraction from the 3D topographic periodic features. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America
Investigation of non-unique relationship between soil electrical conductivity and water content due to drying-wetting rate using TDR
(2019-03-26)
Chung, Chih-Chung
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Lin, Chih-Ping
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Yang, Shi-Hui
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Lin, Jhe-Yi
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Lin, Chun-Hung
The characterization of the relationship between volumetric soil water content (theta) and bulk electrical conductivity (EC) (or electrical resistivity) is of high interest in fields of engineering, fundamental petrophysical, hydrological model parameterization, and quantitative hydrogeophysical interpretations. Based on the relationship, for instance, the broad-area image using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) can be transformed into theta tomograms as initial/boundary conditions of the slope stability analysis. However, the relationship is affected by the hysteresis, leading the inconsistency in drying-wetting circles. Therefore, this study focused on the factor of soil drying-wetting rate using the proposed time domain reflectometry (TDR) method and related sensors for such characterization. A modified pressure plate apparatus enhanced by TDR was first employed with a relatively low rate in which EC and theta were measured simultaneously, without evident non-unique relationship. A TDR penetrometer was then designed for acquiring the temporal variations of theta and EC in the field. On the basis of certain assumptions, observations showed an apparent dependency of the slope of the theta-EC rating curve on rates, but no hysteresis pattern. Finally, a laboratory controlled fast wetting drying cell was used to increase the response time, proving that both the hysteresis and slopes of the theta-EC rating curves were obviously affected by the soil drying-wetting rate, as a significant finding to the related topics.