Browsing by Author "Lin, YL"

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A hybrid routing method for multi-hop wireless local area networks
(2004-10-01)
Jan, RH
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Lin, YL
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資訊工程學系
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Department of Computer Science
A multi-hop wireless local area network (LAN) is an adhoc wireless network that connects to the Internet backbone via an access point. Routing paths between mobile hosts and a fixed host can be divided into two sub-paths, wireless and wired. In this paper, we apply the Hierarchical Routing Tree (HRT) concept to finding wireless sub-paths. That is, by constructing an HRT. each mobile host can find a routing path to an access point (i.e.. the HRT root) quickly and thus gain the access to Internet. In addition, we choose the Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol as a point-to-point routing method for sources and destinations located in the same ad-hoc network in order to improve upon a weakness in the HRT method. Numerical experiments are given to show the effectiveness of the hybrid routing method.
Copper interconnect electromigration behavior in various structures and precise bimodal fitting
(2006-02-01)
Lin, MH
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Lin, YL
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Chang, KP
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Sul, KC
;
Wang, TH
Copper interconnect electromigration (EM) was examined in various structures and three low-k materials (k = 2.65-3.6) using advanced back-end-of-line (BEOL) technology. Various structures for testing were designed to identify the EM failure modes, and extensive failure analysis was carried out to reveal failure in the test structures. A strong current dependence of the electromigration lifetime in three-level via-terminated metal lines was shown. Moreover, different processing approaches lead to different EM behaviors and related failure modes. The weak links of the interconnect system were identified by evaluating various test structures. Multimodality in the electromigration behavior of Cu dual-damascene interconnects was studied. Both superposition and weak-link models were used for the statistical determination of lifetimes of each failure model (statistical method). Results correlated to the lifetimes of the respective failure models physically identified according to resistance time evolution behavior (physical method). A good agreement was achieved. The activation energies of failure modes were calculated. Results of this study suggest that the interface of Cu interconnects is the key factor in EM performance.
Effects of recombinant lysostaphin on cytotoxicity and interleukin-8 level in normal human epidermal keratinocytes cell line
(1998-11-01)
Chan, EC
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Chang, CA
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Wu, TZ
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Lin, YL
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生物科技學系
The normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of recombinant lysostaphin. As determined with the Neutral Red (NR) cytotoxicity assay, the midpoint toxicity value (NR50) after 48 h exposure was 16 +/- 0.4 g lysostaphin/l. Lysostaphin cytotoxicity effect is much less than the surface active agent, sodium laurate. However, the NR,, value after 48-h exposure was 1.9 +/- 0.02 g/l for S. aureus lysate derived from the bacterial lytic action of lysostaphin. A linear increase in interleukin-8 (IL-8) level in NHEK cells from resting levels of 65 +/- 3 pg/ml to peak of 760 +/- 15 pg/ml during the first 9 hours was noted for the cells treated with 800 mg lysostaphin/l. S. aureus lysate has the same effect on the induction of IL-8 levels. The induced rises in IL-8 were lysostaphin and S. aureus lysate concentration dependence.
Effects of recombinant lysostaphin on cytotoxicity and interleukin-8 level in normal human epidermal keratinocytes cell line
(1998-11-01)
Chan, EC
;
Chang, CA
;
Wu, TZ
;
Lin, YL
;
生物科技學系
The normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of recombinant lysostaphin. As determined with the Neutral Red (NR) cytotoxicity assay, the midpoint toxicity value (NR50) after 48 h exposure was 16 +/- 0.4 g lysostaphin/l. Lysostaphin cytotoxicity effect is much less than the surface active agent, sodium laurate. However, the NR,, value after 48-h exposure was 1.9 +/- 0.02 g/l for S. aureus lysate derived from the bacterial lytic action of lysostaphin. A linear increase in interleukin-8 (IL-8) level in NHEK cells from resting levels of 65 +/- 3 pg/ml to peak of 760 +/- 15 pg/ml during the first 9 hours was noted for the cells treated with 800 mg lysostaphin/l. S. aureus lysate has the same effect on the induction of IL-8 levels. The induced rises in IL-8 were lysostaphin and S. aureus lysate concentration dependence.
Electromigration lifetime improvement of copper interconnect by cap/dielectric interface treatment and geometrical design
(2005-12-01)
Lin, MH
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Lin, YL
;
Chen, JM
;
Yeh, MS
;
Chang, KP
A significant improvement of electromigration (EM) lifetime is achieved by modification of the preclean step before cap-layer deposition and by changing Cu cap/dielectric materials. A possible mechanism for EM lifetime enhancement was proposed. Cu-silicide formation prior to cap-layer deposition and adhesion of Cu/cap interface were found to be the critical factors in controlling Cu electromigration reliability. The adhesion of the Cu/cap interface can be directly correlated to electromigration median-time-to-failure and activation energy. Effects of layout geometrical variation and stress current direction were also investigated.
Helicobacter pylori induces gene expression in human gastric cells identified by mRNA differential display
(1996-11-12)
Wong, L
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Lue, MY
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Chang, CA
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Lin, YL
;
Chan, EC
Changes in gene expression patterns in gastric cells infected with Helicobacter pylori were characterized by means of mRNA differential display. Total RNA preparations were extracted from the H. pylori infected gastric cells and paired non-infected cells, and were probed with candidate clones identified after screening up to 6,000 mRNA species. Among them, four clones, 04G-1, 04G-2, 01G-1, and Cppa-2 show significant expression in the infected cells by Northern blot analysis, and they are 199 bp, 196 bp, 228 bp, and 276 bp in length, respectively. Database search revealed that nucleotide sequences of these clones share very low identity with any known sequence. These results indicate that H. pylori can significantly affect gene expression in gastric cells. Furthermore mRNA differential display can be used in pathogenesis studies to identify new genes in gastric cells in response to insults such as H. pylori. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.
Helicobacter pylori induces gene expression in human gastric cells identified by mRNA differential display
(1996-11-12)
Wong, L
;
Lue, MY
;
Chang, CA
;
Lin, YL
;
Chan, EC
Changes in gene expression patterns in gastric cells infected with Helicobacter pylori were characterized by means of mRNA differential display. Total RNA preparations were extracted from the H. pylori infected gastric cells and paired non-infected cells, and were probed with candidate clones identified after screening up to 6,000 mRNA species. Among them, four clones, 04G-1, 04G-2, 01G-1, and Cppa-2 show significant expression in the infected cells by Northern blot analysis, and they are 199 bp, 196 bp, 228 bp, and 276 bp in length, respectively. Database search revealed that nucleotide sequences of these clones share very low identity with any known sequence. These results indicate that H. pylori can significantly affect gene expression in gastric cells. Furthermore mRNA differential display can be used in pathogenesis studies to identify new genes in gastric cells in response to insults such as H. pylori. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.
Special issue on hardware description languages - Foreword
(1998-09-01)
Jou, JY
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Lin, YL
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電子工程學系及電子研究所
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Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
Tier-selection algorithms with multi-class traffic in CDMA hierarchical cellular systems
(2003)
Wang, LC
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Liao, CY
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Lin, YL
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Chang, CJ
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電信工程研究所
In this paper, we investigate. several tier selection strategies in a hierarchical cellular system where a hotspot microcell service data users demanding high capacity, and a macrocell services low capacity voice users. A new "relative pilot based (RPB)" tier selection scheme is proposed to achieve the goals of balancing traffic load between a macrocell and a microcell, and reducing the interference between a macrocell and a microcell. The simulation results show that the RPB scheme improves both the blocking performance and outage performance with both data and voice users compared to traditional service based tier selection scheme.