Browsing by Author "Lu, Ming-Feng"

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4x4 Optical switch with polarization selective elements
(2006)
Deng, Jiun-Shiou
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Lee, Chi-Ping
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Lu, Ming-Feng
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Lin, Meng-Fu
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Huang, Yang-Tung
The basic optical switch in optical interconnection networks is a 2x2 optical switch which provides two switching states: the "straight" state and the "swap" state. Several kinds of optical switch have been presented such as polarization selective elements combined with electro-optic halfwave plates. Using these basic optical switches to construct a 4x4 nonblocking interconnection network, such as Benes network and double-layer network, needs three stages of optical switches. In this presentation, a 4x4 optical switch with polarization selective elements and electro-optic halfwave plates will be proposed. In this switch, the control configurations of electro-optic halfwave plates have been changed to support all switching states of polarization selective elements. Compared with 4x4 nonblocking interconnection networks, this 4x4 optical switch has the lowest system insertion loss and the fewest required components. Its structure and connection path for different switching functions will be discussed in detail.
A strictly nonblocking network based on nonblocking 4 x 4 optical switches
(2012-01-01)
Lee, Chi-Ping
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Chang, Chien-Ping
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Deng, Jiun-Shiou
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Li, Min-Hao
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Lu, Ming-Feng
Recently, the demand for communication has been growing rapidly. Hence, optical multistage network technologies are more appreciated nowadays. A double-layer network is a strictly nonblocking network, and it has the lowest system insertion loss of non-dilated networks. A Benes network is a rearrangeably nonblocking network, and it has the same system insertion loss as a double-layer network. We have proposed the use of modified polarization selection elements (PSEs). The system insertion loss, number of drivers, and number of required components of a double-layer network could be reduced if it is constructed with modified PSEs. A nonblocking 4 x 4 optical switch with two stages of polarization selective elements has been presented in our previous study. Based on this nonblocking 4 x 4 optical switch, we propose a strictly nonblocking network structure which features even lower system insertion loss than those of a double-layer network and a Benes network. The signal-to-noise ratio of the proposed network structure is a constant, and is higher than the constraint, although it is lower than that of the double-layer network. The number of major components of the proposed network is less than that of a double-layer network and larger than that of a Benes network, since a Benes network is rearrangeably nonblocking. We also offer a routing algorithm for the new proposed network; the time complexity of the routing algorithm is O(1). (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Biochemical Sensors Based on Dual Antiresonant Reflecting Optical Waveguides
(2013)
Lee, Cheng-Han
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Hsu, Hsin-Feng
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Lu, Ming-Feng
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Huang, Yang-Tung
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電子工程學系及電子研究所
Design, fabrication, and characterization of biochemical sensors based on dual ARROW structures are studied. A succession of NaCl solutions with different concentration can be investigated in real time. The sensitivity of this sensor is 1305 mu m/RIU.
Compact photonic delay line constructed by holographic optical elements
(2009-12-15)
Deng, Jiun-Shiou
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Lu, Ming-Feng
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Huang, Yang-Tung
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電子工程學系及電子研究所
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Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
To fully support phased-array antenna and other applications, a 3-range (long time, moderate time, and short time) delay line structures with holographic optical elements is proposed. Flexibility, light-weight, on-axis coupling, easy alignment, easy fabrication, and compactness are their advantages. When use holographic optical elements to build the photonic delay line system, all of the delay and non-delay paths in these three photonic delay lines are setting in a compact structure. They do not need any extra components, such as mirrors and optical paths in free space, and can bear stronger vibration. Therefore, the holographic optical elements are more suitable to design the photonic delay lines. In these three structures, their losses and crosstalk s are balanced. All of delay and non-delay cases in these three delay line their crosstalk, signal-to-noise ratio, and loss are 1/81,000, 59.1 dB, and 3.2 dB, respectively. Finally, to support complete applications, a polarization independent photonic delay line system with holographic optical elements is proposed, too. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Components Reduction of Double-Layer Networks with Holographic Optical Switches
(2009)
Deng, Jiun-Shiou
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Lee, Chi-Ping
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Chang, Chien-Ping
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Lu, Ming-Feng
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Huang, Yang-Tung
Combining the unique features of the double-layer network and holographic optical switches not only reduces the volume of the whole system, eliminates all interconnection lines and crossovers significantly, reduces the number of drivers from N-2/4+2Nlog(2)N-2N to 2Nlog(2)N, but also the system insertion loss can also be minimized. After rearranging the channels allocation, the number of electro-optic halfwave plates can be significantly decreased from 2N(2)-2N to 2Nlog(2)N.
Design of a multimode interference-based 1x2 wavelength-division-demultiplexer on an air-hole photonic crystal
(2007)
Lu, Ming-Feng
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Hong, Chung-Yu
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Yang, Yu-Lin
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Huang, Yang-Tung
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電子工程學系及電子研究所
In this study, the multimode interference (MMI) phenomenon and the self-imaging principle in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC) waveguides are investigated. By using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computation, the self-imaging phenomenon and the imaging positions along the propagation path on a PC multimode waveguide are in good agreement with those derived from the modal propagation analysis (MPA). This mean that the analytic methods for MMI in conventional multimode waveguides still work in 2D PC waveguides. Moreover, a MMI-based 1-to-2 wavelength-division-demultiplexer is designed on an air-hole photonic crystal structure, which can be applied in a coarse wavelength division multiplexing. (CWDM) system. The performance simulated by the FDTD method shows that the insertion loss and the contrast are (0.33 dB, 15.45 dB) and (0.33 dB, 12.9 dB) for the wavelength 1480 nm and 1625 nm, respectively.
Design of a photonic crystal tapered coupler with different section lengths based on multimode interference and mode matching
(2008-03-01)
Lu, Ming-Feng
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Huang, Yang-Tung
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電子工程學系及電子研究所
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Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
Step tapered couplers, which act as mode converters, are usually used between photonic crystal (PC) waveguides and other optical devices for efficient coupling. In this study, the multimode interference (MMI) phenomena in multiple-line-defect PC waveguides are observed. It is found that the optimal length of each section in a PC step tapered coupler is related to the imaging length of MMI. Therefore, a PC step tapered coupler with different section lengths can be designed. Because the modes are matched between two adjacent sections and the scattering losses occurring at the corners of abrupt steps are reduced, it can provide an excellent transmission between PC waveguides and other optical devices. This study also reveals the reason why in some cases, the transmission of PC step tapered couplers decreases counterintuitively when the taper length is increased.
Design, fabrication, and characterization of Si-based ARROW photonic crystal bend waveguides and power splitters
(2012-08-20)
Chen, Jian-Hua
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Huang, Yang-Tung
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Yang, Yu-Lin
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Lu, Ming-Feng
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Shieh, Jia-Min
Silicon-based (Si-based) photonic crystal waveguide based on antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW PCW) structures consisting of 60 degrees bends and Y-branch power splitters were designed and first efficiently fabricated and characterized. The ARROW structure has a relatively large core size suitable for efficient coupling with a single-mode fiber. Simple capsule-shaped topography defects at 60 degrees photonic crystal (PC) bend corners and Y-branch PC power splitters were used for increasing the broadband light transmission. In the preliminary measurements, the propagation losses of the ARROW PC straight waveguides lower than 2 dB/mm with a long length of 1500 mu m were achieved. The average bend loss of 60 degrees PC bend waveguides was lower than 3 dB/bend. For the Y-branch PC power splitters, the average power imbalance was lower than 0.6 dB. The results show that our fabricated Si-based ARROW PCWs with 60 degrees bends and Y-branch structures can provide good light transmission and power-splitting ability. (c) 2012 Optical Society of America
Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Si-Based ARROW-B Photonic Crystal Sharp-Bend Waveguides and Power Splitters
(2012-07-15)
Chen, Jian-Hua
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Huang, Yang-Tung
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Yang, Yu-Lin
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Lu, Ming-Feng
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生物科技學系
Si-based type-B antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW-B) photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) with 60 degrees bend, 120 degrees bend, and Y-branch power splitter were first successfully fabricated and characterized. A simple capsule-shaped defect was designed to modulate the 60 degrees and 120 degrees photonic crystal (PC) bend corners and Y-branch PC power splitters. In the preliminary experiments, the average bend losses of 60 degrees and 120 degrees PC bend waveguides for both polarizations were lower than 1.5 and 4.2 dB/bend, respectively. For the Y-branch PC power splitters, power imbalances for both polarizations were all lower than 0.7 dB. It shows that the fabricated Si-based ARROW-B PCWs can provide good light sharp-bend ability and power-split ability.
High Performance Rearrangeable Nonblocking Networks with Polarization Selective Elements
(2008)
Deng, Jiun-Shoiu
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Lu, Ming-Feng
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Huang, Yang-Tung
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電子工程學系及電子研究所
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Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
A nonblocking 4x4 optical switch with polarization selective elements has been proposed, which control configuration has been changed. Compared with other nonblocking 4x4 optical interconnection network with polarization selective elements, this switch has lower insertion loss and requires fewer elements. In this presentation, this nonblocking 4x4 optical switch will be dilated to increase the contrast ratio. Finally, a rearrangeable nonblocking network by this high contrast ratio nonblocking 4x4 optical switch will be proposed, which has higher signal-to-noise ratio, lowest system insertion loss, and fewest required components.
In Situ Regeneration of Si-based ARROW-B Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors
(2015-06-01)
Hsu, Hsin-Feng
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Lin, Yen-Ting
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Huang, Yang-Tung
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Lu, Ming-Feng
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Chen, Chyong-Hua
Si-based antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide type B (ARROW-B) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors allow label-free high-sensitivity detection of biomolecular interactions in real time. The ARROW-B waveguide, which has a thick guiding layer, provides efficient coupling with a single-mode fiber. The Si-based ARROW-B SPR biosensors were fabricated by using the standard semiconductor fabrication processes with a single-step lithography. A fluid flow system was designed to transport samples or analytes. The waveguide consists of propagation and SPR sensing regions. The propagation regions in the front and rear of the SPR sensing region have a symmetric cladding structure to isolate them from environmental changes. A high-index O-ring is used to seal the liquid flow channel. The intensity interrogation method was used to characterize the sensors. The sensitivity of the biosensors was 3.0 x 10(3) A mu W/RIU (refractive index unit) with a resolution of 6.2 x 10(-5) RIU. An in situ regeneration process was designed to make the sensors reusable and eliminate re-alignment of the optical measurement system. The regeneration was realized using ammonia-hydrogen peroxide mixture solutions to remove molecules bound on the sensor surface, such as self-assembled 11-mercapto-1undecanoic acid and bovine serum albumin. SPR was used to monitor the regeneration processes. The experimental results show that the sensing response did not significantly change after the sensor was reused more than 10 times. In situ regenerations of the sensors were achieved.
Loss reduction of AS/AC networks with holographic optical switches
(2007)
Deng, Jiun-Shiou
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Lee, Chien-Yi
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Lu, Ming-Feng
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Huang, Yang-Tung
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電子工程學系及電子研究所
Using holographic optical switches to implement active splitter/active combiner networks not only significantly save the space of the whole system and efficiently eliminates all interconnection lines and crossovers, but also reduces the number of switches from 2N(2)-2N to 2Nlog(2)N. The system insertion loss can also be significantly minimized by combining the unique features of the active splitter/active combiner network and holographic optical switches.
Loss Reduction of Double-Layer Networks with Holographic Optical Switches
(2008)
Dengi, Jiun-Shiou
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Huang, Hsin-Hua
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Lu, Ming-Feng
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Huang, Yang-Tung
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電子工程學系及電子研究所
Combining the unique features of the double-layer network and holographic optical switches not only reduces the volume of the whole system and eliminates all interconnection lines and crossovers significantly, but also reduces the number of drivers from N-2/4+2Nlog(2)N-2N to 2Nlog(2)N. After modifying the structures of the holographic optical switches to satisfy the characteristics of the double-layer network, the system insertion loss can also be significantly minimized and the required components can be reduced.
Multicast Network with MMI-based Optical Switches on Active Splitter/Active Combiner Structure
(2009)
Lee, Chi-Ping
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Deng, Jiun-Shiou
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Lu, Ming-Feng
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Chang, Chien-Ping
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Huang, Yang-Tung
Multicast communications have become more and more important recently, especially in their applications in multimedia communication, quality of service (QoS), video conferencing, and distance education. In a point-to-point (PTP) optical communication system, how to provide multicast services is an essential issue. There are some advantages of active splitter/active combiner (AS/AC) networks, such as strictly nonblocking, simpler routing algorithm, lower system-insertion-loss, zero differential loss, and better signal-to-noise characteristics. The active multimode interference (MM!) coupler can provide splitting/combining operations with low loss and good balancing. It has been demonstrated that the AS/AC network constructed by active MMI switching devices can implement the multicast and PTP communications simultaneously. In this study, we offer two multicast algorithms, parallel multicast, and tunable multicast, on AS/AC network. The parallel multicast algorithm is suitable when there are multi requests arriving at the same tame. The tunable multicast algorithm is suitable for balancing the output signals\' power.
Numerical Study of Transmission Improvement in a Photonic Crystal Waveguide Bend by Mode-Matching Technique
(2008-11-01)
Lu, Ming-Feng
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Yang, Yu-Lin
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Huang, Yang-Tung
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電子工程學系及電子研究所
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Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
An approach to improve the transmission efficiency of photonic crystal (PC) waveguide bends through maximization of the overlap integral of fields between the straight waveguide and the waveguide bend is presented. By shifting the lattice points around the bend corner, the bound state in the waveguide bend and the guided mode in the straight waveguide are matching, and the transmission of a PC waveguide bend can be significantly improved. The transmission of a 120 degrees PC waveguide bend with mode matching is dramatically improved from 5.7% to 87.5%. The bound state in a PC waveguide bend is similar to a cavity mode; therefore, the PC waveguide bend performs a narrowband transmission. Frequency shift of the spectra for a PC waveguide bend due to this lattice shifting can also be observed.
Photonic Crystal Slab Waveguides Based on Antiresonant Reflecting Optical Waveguide Structures
(2009-07-15)
Yang, Yu-Lin
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Hsu, Shih-Hsin
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Lu, Ming-Feng
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Huang, Yang-Tung
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生物科技學系
A novel two-dimensional photonic crystal slab waveguide based on an antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) structure is proposed and designed. Lightwaves propagating in this waveguide are confined by antiresonance reflection vertically and the photonic band gap laterally. In order to obtain the characteristics of the ARROW-based photonic crystal waveguides, the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations are performed. With a lateral adiabatic taper, a coupling efficiency of 80.3% from a single-mode fiber to the ARROW-based photonic crystal waveguide of a single-line defect is obtained. In addition, propagation losses less than 10 dB/mm and bend losses of 0.23 and 0.39 dB/bend for the designed 60 degrees and 120 degrees bends are achieved at an operating wavelength of 1.55 mu m.
Silicon-based dual ARROW power splitters with remote coupling
(2015-03-10)
Hsu, Hsin-Feng
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Hsu, Ming-Shun
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Lu, Ming-Feng
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Huang, Yang-Tung
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生物科技學系
In this research, Si-based power splitters based on dual antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROW) with remote coupling by a separation distance of 30 mu m were designed and realized. Characterization of the power splitters with different lengths of the coupling region was performed. Measurement characteristics of fabricated devices with the propagation losses lower than 1.90 dB/cm and the imbalances lower than 0.60 dB show that our dual ARROW power splitters can be efficiently realized. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America
Ultracompact photonic crystal polarization beam splitter based on multimode interference
(2010-02-01)
Lu, Ming-Feng
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Liao, Shan-Mei
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Huang, Yang-Tung
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生物科技學系
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電子工程學系及電子研究所
We propose a theoretical design for a compact photonic crystal (PC) polarization beam splitter (PBS) based on the multimode interference (MMI) effect. The size of a conventional MMI device designed by the self-imaging principle is not compact enough; therefore, we design a compact PC PBS based on the difference of the interference effect between TE and TM modes. Within the MMI coupler, the dependence of interference of modes on propagation distance is weak for a TE wave and strong for a TM wave; as a result, the length of the MMI section can be only seven lattice constants. Simulation results show that the insertion losses are 0.32 and 0: 89 dB, and the extinction ratios are 14.4 and 17: 5 dB for Port 1 (TE mode) and Port 2 (TM mode), respectively. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America