Browsing by Author "Shao, Kwang-Tsao"

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A molecular forensic method for identifying species composition of processed marine mammal meats
(2014-03-01)
Chang, Chia-Hao
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Yao, Chiou-Ju
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Yu, Hsin-Yi
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Liao, Yun-Chih
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Jang-Liaw, Nian-Hong
We used universal primers designed for the cytochrome oxidase I (CO I) sequence of the order Cetacea and the family Phocidae to prove that meat fritters sold in Taiwan contained meat from two seal, six cetacean, and one pig species. The sequence information for CO I obtained in this study was limited and population genetics data for the eight sampled marine mammalian species was insufficient to deduce where these marine mammals were hunted. Regardless of the geographic origins of the marine mammal flesh, sale and consumption of marine mammals in Taiwan violates the Wildlife Conservation Act. This study provides PCR primers that could enable government testing of suspect meats to curtail the illegal trade in marine mammal products. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.
Authenticating the use of dried seahorses in the traditional Chinese medicine market in Taiwan using molecular forensics
(2013-09-01)
Chang, Chia-Hao
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Jang-Liaw, Nian-Hong
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Lin, Yeong-Shin
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Fang, Yi-Chiao
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Shao, Kwang-Tsao
Seahorse, which has a unique appearance and exhibits male pregnancy, is a useful component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). With the growing demand for TCM, vast amounts of seahorses are harvested from the wild every year and traded internationally. This study investigated 58 dried seahorse samples collected from 23 Chinese herbal medicine stores across Taiwan using molecular forensics. Results showed that eight seahorse species were present in the Taiwan TCM market. Among them, Knysna seahorse (Hippocampus capensis) has an endangered status according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, while the West African seahorse (Hippocampus algiricus), tiger tail seahorse (Hippocampus comes), thorny seahorse (Hippocampus histrix), great seahorse (Hippocampus kelloggi), yellow seahorse (Hippocampus kuda), hedgehog seahorse (Hippocampus spinosissimus), and three-spot seahorse (Hippocampus trimaculatus) have vulnerable status. Copyright (C) 2013, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved.
Complete mitochondrial genome of the longfin mako shark, Isurus paucus (Chondrichthyes, Lamnidae)
(2016-01-02)
Chang, Chia-Hao
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Chiang, Wei-Chuan
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Lin, Yeong-Shin
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Jang-Liaw, Nian-Hong
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Shao, Kwang-Tsao
Here we describe the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the longfin mako, Isurus paucus, which is a pelagic shark found in temperate and tropical waters. The circle genome (16,704bp) consists of 13 protein coding, 22 tRNA, 2 rRNA genes and 1 control region. It has the typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement.
Complete mitochondrial genome of the megamouth shark Megachasma pelagios (Chondrichthyes, Megachasmidae)
(2014-06-01)
Chang, Chia-Hao
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Shao, Kwang-Tsao
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Lin, Yeong-Shin
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Chiang, Wei-Chuan
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Jang-Liaw, Nian-Hong
Here we describe the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the megamouth shark, Megachasma pelagios, which is an extremely rare species of deepwater shark. The circle genome (16,694 bp) consists of 13 protein coding, 22 tRNA, 2 rRNA genes and 1 control region. It has the typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement.
DNA barcode identification of fish products in Taiwan: Government-commissioned authentication cases
(2016-08)
Chang, Chia-Hao
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Lin, Han Yang
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Ren, Qiu
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Lin, Yeong-Shin
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Shao, Kwang-Tsao
Mislabeling of fish products not only impacts consumer finances, but can also be deleterious to public health. Fish products may be mislabeled for reasons including ambiguity of common fish names, challenging morphological identification, or willful intention to deceive. We reveal a high rate of mislabeling (70%) in 34 samples from 17 cases entrusted to us by three different Customs offices and one Coastal Patrol Office in Taiwan using DNA barcoding based on a partial segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI). In order to reduce the mislabeling of imported fish products, the authorities should take some actions into consideration, such as institutionalizating molecular authentication of fish products, standardizing the usage of common fish names, and legislating for penalties. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Phylogenetic relationships of Acheilognathidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidea) as revealed from evidence of both nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequence variation: Evidence for necessary taxonomic revision in the family and the identification of cryptic species
(2014-12-01)
Chang, Chia-Hao
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Li, Fan
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Shao, Kwang-Tsao
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Lin, Yeong-Shin
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Morosawa, Takahiro
Bitterlings are relatively small cypriniform species and extremely interesting evolutionarily due to their unusual reproductive behaviors and their coevolutionary relationships with freshwater mussels. As a group, they have attracted a great deal of attention in biological studies. Understanding the origin and evolution of their mating system demands a well-corroborated hypothesis of their evolutionary relationships. In this study, we provide the most comprehensive phylogenetic reconstruction of species relationships of the group based on partitioned maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods using DNA sequence variation of nuclear and mitochondrial genes on 41 species, several subspecies and three undescribed species. Our findings support the monophyly of the Acheilognathidae. Two of the three currently recognized genera are not monophyletic and the family can be subdivided into six clades. These clades are further regarded as genera based on both their phylogenetic relationships and a reappraisal of morphological characters. We present a revised classification for the Acheilognathidae with five genera/lineages: Rhodeus, Acheilognathus (new constitution), Tanakia (new constitution), Paratanakia gen. nov., and Pseudorhodeus gen. nov. and an unnamed clade containing five species currently referred to as "Acheilognathus". Gene trees of several bitterling species indicate that the taxa are not monophyletic. This result highlights a potentially dramatic underestimation of species diversity in this family. Using our new phylogenetic framework, we discuss the evolution of the Acheilognathidae relative to classification, taxonomy and biogeography. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the big-eye thresher shark, Alopias superciliosus (Chondrichthyes, Alopiidae)
(2014-08-01)
Chang, Chia-Hao
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Shao, Kwang-Tsao
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Lin, Yeong-Shin
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Ho, Hsuan-Ching
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Liao, Yun-Chih
The complete mitochondrial genome of the big-eye thresher shark was sequenced using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method. The total length of mitochondrial DNA is 16,719 bp and includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA genes, 1 replication origin region and 1 control region. The mitochondrial gene arrangement of the big-eye thresher shark is the same as the one observed in the most vertebrates. Base composition of the genome is A (31.8%), T (28.9%), C (25.8%) and G (13.5%).
The complete mitochondrial genome of the crocodile shark, Pseudocarcharias kamoharai (Chondrichthyes, Lamnidae)
(2016)
Chang, Chia-Hao
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Shao, Kwang-Tsao
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Lin, Yeong-Shin
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Ho, Hsuan-Ching
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生物科技學系
The complete mitochondrial genome of the crocodile shark consists of 16,688 bp and includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 1 replication origin region, and 1 control region. The mitochondrial gene arrangement of the crocodile shark is the same as that of most vertebrates. Base composition of the genome is A (32.0%), T (31.0%), C (23.7%) and G (13.3%).
The complete mitochondrial genome of the great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias (Chondrichthyes, Lamnidae)
(2014-10-01)
Chang, Chia-Hao
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Shao, Kwang-Tsao
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Lin, Yeong-Shin
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Fang, Yi-Chiao
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Ho, Hsuan-Ching
The complete mitochondrial genome of the great white shark having 16,744 bp and including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA genes, 1 replication origin region and 1 control region. The mitochondrial gene arrangement of the great white shark is the same as the one observed in the most vertebrates. Base composition of the genome is A (30.6%), T (28.7%), C (26.9%) and G (13.9%).
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Rhodeus shitaiensis (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Acheilognathidae)
(2015-04-01)
Li, Fan
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Shao, Kwang-Tsao
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Lin, Yeong-Shin
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Chang, Chia-Hao
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生物科技學系
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Rhodeus shitaiensis was determined by using a PCR-based method. The total length of mitochondrial DNA of this bitterling is 16,774 bp and includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA genes, 1 replication origin region and 1 control region. The mitochondrial gene arrangement of the R. shitaiensis is also matching the one observed in the most vertebrate creatures. Base composition of the genome is A (28.7%), T (26.5%), C (27.4%) and G (17.4%) with an A+T rich hallmark as that of other vertebrate mitochondrial genomes.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the salmon shark, Lamna ditropis (Chondrichthyes, Lamnidae)
(2016-01-02)
Chang, Chia-Hao
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Jang-Liaw, Nian-Hong
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Lin, Yeong-Shin
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Carlisle, Aaron
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Hsu, Hua Hsun
The complete mitochondrial genome of the salmon shark consists of 16,699bp and includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 1 replication origin region and 1 control region. The mitochondrial gene arrangement of the salmon shark is the same as that of most vertebrates. Base composition of the genome is A (29.6%), T (28.6%), C (27.1%), and G (14.8%).
The complete mitochondrial genome of the sand tiger shark, Carcharias taurus (Chondrichthyes, Odontaspididae)
(2015)
Chang, Chia-Hao
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Jabado, Rima W.
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Lin, Yeong-Shin
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Shao, Kwang-Tsao
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生物科技學系
The complete mitochondrial genome of the sand tiger shark consists of 16,773 bp and including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA genes, 1 replication origin region and 1 control region. The mitochondrial gene arrangement of the sand tiger shark is the same as the one observed in most vertebrates. Base composition of the genome is A (31.8%), T (28.7%), C (26.3%) and G (13.2%).
The complete mitochondrial genome of the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus (Chondrichthyes, Lamnidae)
(2015-06-01)
Chang, Chia-Hao
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Shao, Kwang-Tsao
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Lin, Yeong-Shin
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Tsai, An-Yi
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Su, Pin-Xuan
The complete mitochondrial genome of the shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) was determined by using a PCR-based method. The total length of mitochondrial DNA is 16,701 bp and includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA genes, 1 replication origin region, and 1 control region. The mitochondrial gene arrangement of the tiger tail seahorse is also matching the one observed in the most vertebrate creatures. Base composition of the genome is A (28.8%), T (28.0%), C (28.0%), and G (15.2%) with an A+T rich hallmark as that of other vertebrate mitochondrial genomes.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the three-spot seahorse, Hippocampus trimaculatus (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)
(2013-12-01)
Chang, Chia-Hao
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Shao, Kwang-Tsao
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Lin, Yeong-Shin
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Liao, Yun-Chih
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生物科技學系
The complete mitochondrial genome of the three-spot seahorse was sequenced using a polymerase chain reaction-based method. The total length of mitochondrial DNA is 16,535 bp and includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region. The mitochondrial gene order of the three-spot seahorse also conforms to the distinctive vertebrate mitochondrial gene order. The base composition of the genome is A (32.7%), T (29.3%), C (23.4%), and G (14.6%) with an A + T-rich hallmark as that of other vertebrate mitochondrial genomes.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the tiger tail seahorse, Hippocampus comes (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)
(2013-06-01)
Chang, Chia-Hao
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Lin, Han-Yang
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Jang-Liaw, Nian-Hong
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Shao, Kwang-Tsao
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Lin, Yeong-Shin
The complete mitochondrial genome of the tiger tail seahorse was sequenced using a polymerase chain reaction-based method. The total length of mitochondrial DNA is 16,525 bp and includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region. The mitochondrial gene arrangement of the tiger tail seahorse is also matching the one observed in the most vertebrate creatures. Base composition of the genome is A (32.8%), T (29.8%), C (23.0%), and G (14.4%) with an A + T-rich hallmark as that of other vertebrate mitochondrial genomes.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Wanieso lizardfish Saurida wanieso Shindo & Yamada, 1972 (Aulopiformes: Synodontidae)
(2016)
Lin, Han-Yang
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Chang, Chia-Hao
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Ho, Hsuan-Ching
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Shao, Kwang-Tsao
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生物科技學系
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Wanieso lizardfish (Saurida wanieso) was determined by using a PCR-based method. The total length of mitochondrial DNA is 16,552 base pairs including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA genes, 1 replication origin region and 1 control region as other Saurida spp. and bony fish. Base composition of the genome is A (25.7%), T (25.2%), C (31.5%), and G (17.6%) with an A + T-rich hallmark as that of other vertebrate mitochondrial genomes.
TWO NEW SANDPERCHES (PERCIFORMES: PINGUIPEDIDAE: PARAPERCIS) FROM SOUTH CHINA SEA, BASED ON MORPHOLOGY AND DNA BARCODING
(2012-02-29)
Ho, Hsuan-Ching
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Chang, Chia-Hao
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Shao, Kwang-Tsao
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生物科技學系
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Department of Biological Science and Technology
Two new cryptic sandperch species of the pinguipedid genus Parapercis are described from off southern Taiwan, northern South China Sea. Parapercis kentingensis n. sp., described from 25 specimens, is morphologically similar to P shaoi Randall, 2008. Parapercis rubromaculata n. sp., described from four specimens, is morphologically similar to P randalli Ho & Shao, 2010. The four species have sympatric distributions in southern Taiwan. Both new species differ from their congeners in colouration and a combination of other characters. Morphological evidence for establishing new species status is also supported by DNA barcoding.