Browsing by Author "Su, Ching-Yuan"

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Direct Formation of Wafer Scale Graphene Thin Layers on Insulating Substrates by Chemical Vapor Deposition
(2011-09-01)
Su, Ching-Yuan
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Lu, Ang-Yu
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Wu, Chih-Yu
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Li, Yi-Te
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Liu, Keng-Ku
Direct formation of high-quality and wafer scale graphene thin layers on insulating gate dielectrics such as SiO(2) is emergent for graphene electronics using Si-wafer compatible fabrication. Here, we report that in a chemical vapor deposition process the carbon species dissociated on Cu surfaces not only result in graphene layers on top of the catalytic Cu thin films but also diffuse through Cu grain boundaries to the interface between Cu and underlying dielectrics. Optimization of the process parameters leads to a continuous and large-area graphene thin layers directly formed on top of the dielectrics. The bottom-gated transistor characteristics for the graphene films have shown quite comparable carrier mobility compared to the top-layer graphene. The proposed method allows us to achieve wafer-sized graphene on versatile insulating substrates without the need of graphene transfer.
Efficient Heat Dissipation of Photonic Crystal Microcavity by Mono layer Graphene
(2013-12-01)
Shih, Min-Hsiung
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Li, Lain-Jong
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Yang, Yi-Chun
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Chou, Hsiang-Yu
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Lin, Cheng-Te
Graphene, which exhibits excellent thermal conductivity, is a potential heat dissipation medium for compact optoelectronic devices. Photonic devices normally produce large-quantity of unwanted heat, and thus, a heat dissipation strategy is urgently needed. In this study, single-layer graphene (SLG) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is used to cover the surface of a photonic crystal (PhC) cavity, where the heat flux produced by the PhC cavity can be efficiently dissipated along the in-plane direction of the SLG. The thermal properties of the graphene-capped PhC cavity were characterized by experiments and theoretical calculations. The thermal resistance of the SLG-capped PhC cavity obtained from experiments is lower than half of that of a bare PhC cavity. The temperature of a SLG-capped PhC cavity is 45 K lower than that without SLG capping under an optical power of 100 mu W. Our simulation results indicate that SLG receives the majority of the heat fluxes from the device, leading to the efficient heat dissipation. Both the experimental and simulation results suggest that the SLG is a promising material to enhance the heat dissipation efficiency for optoelectronic applications.
Electrical Probing of Submicroliter Liquid Using Graphene Strip Transistors Built on a Nanopipette
(2012-01-09)
Chen, Chang-Hsiao
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Lin, Cheng-Te
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Lee, Yi-Hsien
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Liu, Keng-Ku
;
Su, Ching-Yuan
Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity of MoSx on TCNQ-Treated Electrode for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
(2014-10-22)
Chang, Yung-Huang
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Nikam, Revannath D.
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Lin, Cheng-Te
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Huang, Jing-Kai
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Tseng, Chien-Chih
Molybdenum sulfide has recently attracted much attention because of its low cost and excellent catalytical effects in the application of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). To improve the HER efficiency, many researchers have extensively explored various avenues such as material modification, forming hybrid structures or modifying geometric morphology. In this work, we reported a significant enhancement in the electrocatalytic activity of the MoSx via growing on Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) treated carbon cloth, where the MoSx was synthesized by thermolysis from the ammonium tetrathiomolybdate ((NH4)(2)MoS4) precursor at 170 degrees C. The pyridinic N- and graphitic N-like species on the surface of carbon cloth arising from the TCNQ treatment facilitate the formation of Mo5+ and S-2(2-) species in the MoSx, especially with S-2(2-) serving as an active site for HER. In addition, the smaller particle size of the MoSx grown on TCNQ-treated carbon cloth reveals a high ratio of edge sites relative to basal plane sites, indicating the richer effective reaction sites and superior electrocatalytic characteristics. Hence, we reported a high hydrogen evolution rate for MoSx on TCNQ-treated carbon cloth of 6408 mL g(-1) cm(-2) h(-1) (286 mmol g(-1) cm(-2) h(-1)) at an overpotential of V = 0.2 V. This study provides the fundamental concepts useful in the design and preparation of transition metal dichalcogenide catalysts, beneficial in the development in clean energy
Facile synthesis of core-shell structured Si@graphene balls as a high-performance anode for lithium-ion batteries
(2020-05-07)
Jamaluddin, Anif
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Umesh, Bharath
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Chen, Fuming
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Chang, Jeng-Kuei
;
Su, Ching-Yuan
Encapsulating silicon (Si) nanoparticles with graphene nanosheets in a microspherical structure is proposed to increase electrical conductivity and solve stability issues when using Si as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Currently the main strategies to produce high-quality Si-graphene (Si@Gra) electrodes are (1) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of graphene grown in situ on Si by hydrocarbon precursors and (2) encapsulating Si with a graphene oxide followed by postannealing. However, both methods require a high-temperature and are costly and time-consuming procedures, which hinders their mass scalability and practical utilization. Herein, we report a Si@Gra composite with a ball-like structure that is assembled by a facile spray drying process without a postannealing treatment. The graphene sheets are synthesized by an electrochemical exfoliation method from natural graphite. The resulting Si@Gra composite exhibits a unique core-shell structure, from which the ball-like morphology and the number of graphene layers in the Si@Gra composites are found to affect both the electric conductivity and ionic conductivity. The Si@Gra composites are found to increase the capacity of the anode and provide excellent cycling stability, which is attributed to the high electrical conductivity and mechanical flexibility of the layered graphene; additionally, a void space in the core-shelled ball structure inside the Si@Gra compensates for the Si volume expansion. As a result, the Si@few-layer graphene ball anode exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 2882.3 mA h g(-1) and a high initial coulombic efficiency of 86.9% at 0.2 A g(-1). The combination of few-layer graphene sheets and the spray drying process can effectively be applied for large-scale production of core-shell structured Si@Gra composites as promising anode materials for use in high-performance LIBs.
Family of graphene-assisted resonant surface optical excitations for terahertz devices
(2016-10-14)
Lin, I-Tan
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Liu, Jia-Ming
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Tsai, Hsin-Cheng
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Wu, Kaung-Hsiung
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Syu, Jheng-Yuan
The majority of the proposed graphene-based THz devices consist of a metamaterial that can optically interact with graphene. This coupled graphene-metamaterial system gives rise to a family of resonant modes such as the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes of graphene, the geometrically induced SPPs, also known as the spoof SPP modes, and the Fabry-Perot (FP) modes. In the literature, these modes are usually considered separately as if each could only exist in one structure. By contrast, in this paper, we show that even in a simple metamaterial structure such as a one-dimensional (1D) metallic slit grating, these modes all exist and can potentially interact with each other. A graphene SPP-based THz device is also fabricated and measured. Despite the high scattering rate, the effective SPP resonances can still be observed and show a consistent trend between the effective frequency and the grating period, as predicted by the theory. We also find that the excitation of the graphene SPP mode is most efficient in the terahertz spectral region due to the Drude conductivity of graphene in this spectral region.
Flexible InGaZnO TFTs with Stacked GeO2/TiO2 Gate Dielectrics
(2013)
Hsu, Hsiao-Hsuan
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Chang, Chun-Yen
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Cheng, Chun-Hu
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Yu, Shu-Hung
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Su, Ching-Yuan
We reported an amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistor using stacked gate dielectrics of GeO2/TiO2 on flexible polycarbonate substrate. The flexible TFT showed a low threshold voltage of 2.2 V, small sub-threshold swing of 256 mV/decade, an field effect mobility of 4 cm(2)/Vs, and a good I-on/I-off ratio of 3.7x10(5). The flexible TFT with low operation voltage and high drive current could be attributed to the combined effect of flat plastic substrate, large band-gap GeO2 and higher-kappa TiO2.
Fully room-temperature IGZO thin film transistors adopting stacked gate dielectrics on flexible polycarbonate substrate
(2013-11-01)
Hsu, Hsiao-Hsuan
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Chang, Chun-Yen
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Cheng, Chun-Hu
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Yu, Shu-Hung
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Su, Ching-Yuan
This study demonstrates the feasibility of producing an InGaZnO thin-film transistor (TFT) using a high-kappa germanium oxide (GeO2)/titanium oxide (TiO2)/GeO2 gate stack on a flexible polycarbonate substrate. The flexible TFT exhibited a small sub-threshold swing of 0.132 V/decade, an acceptable field effect mobility of 8 cm(2)/(V s), and a robust I-on/I-off ratio of 2.4 x 10(7). The improved device performance can be attributed to the combined effect of high-kappa TiO2 and the large band gap of GeO2 that exhibits a tendency to remain in a Ge4+ oxidation state at room temperature. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Graphitic carbon film formation under Ni templates by radio-frequency sputtering for transparent electrode applications
(2011-11-01)
Lin, Meng-Yu
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Sheng, Yung-Shuan
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Chen, Shu-Han
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Su, Ching-Yuan
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Li, Lain-Jong
An alternate approach to the preparation of transfer-free graphitic carbon films is proposed in this paper. Using a standard radio-frequency sputtering system and a high-temperature annealing procedure, graphitic carbon films are prepared under Ni templates. The results demonstrate that carbon precipitation occurs at both Ni template interfaces. With repeated annealing procedures at 1100 degrees C, a sheet resistance of 1.36 x 10(4) Omega/square can be achieved. Selective carbon film deposition has also been developed via pattern formation on the Ni templates. The results indicate the potential application of this method to transparent electrode formation. (C) 2011 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3646481]
Growth selectivity of hexagonal-boron nitride layers on Ni with various crystal orientations
(2012)
Lee, Yi-Hsien
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Liu, Keng-Ku
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Lu, Ang-Yu
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Wu, Chih-Yu
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Lin, Cheng-Te
Layered hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN) films were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on Ni foils using ammonia borane as a precursor. Confocal Raman spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were used to probe the effect of underlying Ni crystals with various orientations on growth behaviors of h-BN layers. The growth of the h-BN layers strongly depends on the Ni crystal orientations, where the growth rate of h-BN is larger on Ni(100)-like crystal surfaces but the growth on Ni(111)-like surfaces is not detectable, suggesting that Ni (100)-like facets are likely to promote the growth of h-BN compared with Ni (111)-like surfaces. The observation is in clear contrast to the reported growth of h-BN on Ni(111) in an ultrahigh vacuum environment. The as-grown CVD h-BN films on Ni exhibit a layered structure as revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Thin h-BN layers are found on the Ni domain with a low growth rate. The observation of h-BN growth on various Ni grains may provide insights for the control of thickness, size and morphology of CVD h-BN films.
High energy density of all-screen-printable solid-state microsupercapacitors integrated by graphene/CNTs as hierarchical electrodes
(2019-05-28)
Chih, Jui-Kung
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Jamaluddin, Anif
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Chen, Fuming
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Chang, Jeng-Kuei
;
Su, Ching-Yuan
Microsupercapacitors (MSCs) are alternative power sources that have the potential to fulfill the increasing demand for wearable and on-chip electronics as they are small and lightweight, and show extremely high charge-discharge rates and power densities, and have high flexibility. However, the critical challenge of recent MSCs is the limitation of low energy density and complicated fabrication processes that are high cost and time-consuming. Here, we reported an all-screen-printable method for fabricating all-solid (including electrolytes) and flexible MSCs by rationally designed composite electrodes with electrochemically exfoliated graphene (ECG) and long single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This method demonstrated to be a facile and scalable route to fabricate and assemble MSCs in a cost-effective manner and with high throughput. As a result, the resulting MSC devices exhibit an areal capacitance of 7.7 mF cm(-2) and volumetric capacitance of 77.3 F cm(-3), with an excellent cyclic stability of >99% after 15000 cycles; this can be attributed to the creation of a high diffusion path and the promotion of ion transport capability. The cell exhibits energy and power densities of 10.7 mW h cm(-3) and 3.17 W cm(-3), respectively. Moreover, there was negligible degradation in capacitance when subjected to bending deformation with radius reduced to 0.5 mm, indicating excellent mechanical flexibility and operation stability. Further, the output voltage and current can be rationally designed by multiple connections of MSC devices in series and parallel to fulfill the demands of various applications. This study provides a scalable and cost-effective method to produce solid-state MSCs with high energy density, which paves the way for their applications in potential wearable devices.
Highly concentrated carbonate electrolyte for Li-ion batteries with lithium metal and graphite anodes
(2020-02-29)
Xie, Jian-De
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Patra, Jagabandhu
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Rath, Purna Chandra
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Liu, Weng-Jing
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Su, Ching-Yuan
Highly concentrated lithium bis(fluorosulfonyflimide (LiFSI) salt dissolved in carbonate solvent is employed as a high-performance and robust organic electrolyte for Li-ion batteries. The influences of Li salt type, concentration, and solvent type (such as diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and ethylene carbonate (EC)) on the electrochemical properties of Li metal and graphite anodes are systematically assessed. A superior electrolyte composition of 5.5 M LiFSI-DMC/EC is achieved, enhancing the anti-flammability, coulombic efficiency, and high rate capability. The optimal efficiency values of Li electrodeposition/stripping utilizing 5.5 M LiFSI-DMC/EC are 97.0% and 94.5% at 0.4 and 6 mA cm(-2), respectively. Such an enhanced performance is due to the formation of a three-dimensional ion network, composed of contact ion pairs (CIPs) and ion aggregates (AGGs) in the highly concentrated LiFSI electrolyte, which effectively decreases the number of free solvent molecules and inhibits the formation of undesired dendritic Li structures. Raman spectroscopy is employed to confirm the formation of CIP and AGG compounds within the electrolyte. The electrochemical data of the 5.5 M LiFSI-DMC/EC electrolyte cell demonstrates a remarkable improvement in the specific capacity and rate capability of a graphite anode.
Hydrous ruthenium oxide-tantalum pentoxide thin film electrodes prepared by thermal decomposition for electrochemical capacitors
(2020-07-01)
Xie, Jian-De
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Hsu, Kai-Hsiang
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Patra, Jagabandhu
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Su, Ching-Yuan
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Lee, Sheng-Wei
In this work, we have fabricated high-performance thin-film electrodes for electrochemical capacitors (ECs) via thermal decomposition syntheses of RuO2-Ta2O5 coating layers on Ti substrates. The influences of decomposition temperature as well as the Ru/Ta molar ratio on material and electrochemical properties of the EC electrodes are systematically investigated. The thermal decomposition of 300 degrees C preserves a large fraction of hydrous RuO2 center dot xH(2)O within the hybrid oxide and consequently improves the electrode capacitance. The amorphous Ta2O5 incorporation can manipulate the RuO2 crystallinity and thus its specific capacitance. An optimal Ru/Ta molar ratio of 7:3 is determined for the RuO2-Ta2O5 electrode, which can deliver an energy density of 4.8 Wh kg(-1) at a power density of 8720 W kg(-1) (or 8.3 Wh L-1 at 15,000 W L-1). In addition, an excellent durability of 97.6% capacitance retention after 3000 charge-discharge cycles is found for this electrode. The proposed RuO2-Ta2O5 thin-film electrode has paved the way for next-generation ECs with superior capacitances, energy/power densities, and cyclability.
Manipulation of Heteroatom Substitution on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Co-Doped Graphene as a High Active Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
(2019-09-12)
Hung, Yu-Han
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Dutta, Dipak
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Tseng, Chung-Jen
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Chang, Jeng-Kuei
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Bhattacharyya, Aninda J.
Graphene doped with heteroatoms is known to create a unique electronic structure with comparatively much higher active sites by the synergistic coupling effect. However, in the earlier attempts, the atomic structure of such co-doped graphene could not be altered; thus, there is a lack of reports discussing the influence of the atomic arrangement in the catalytic performance of the co-doped graphene. Here, by co-doping P and N atoms in graphene as a model system, we present a facile and two-step process wherein the sequence of doping helps in manipulating the heteroatom substitution, which is of great importance in defining better crystallinity and conductivity and favorable elemental functionalities and hence improving catalytic performance. The present method provides a clean, flexible, binder-free, and readily available electrocatalyst that avoids tedious conventional synthesis and device fabrication steps. The highest P-doping percentage (6 at. %) in the present work is superior to previous reports (3 at. %). By altering the sequence of N- and P-doping, the co-doped graphene electrode displayed excellent performance, with an increment of 148% in the sp(2) domain size and enormous lowering in overpotential and Tafel slope (78%). Further, the efficiency of the hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst sustains >98% for 20 h, which is significantly higher than the well-known MoSx (63%). Although here the P-N co-doped system was utilized as a proof of concept, this method could be adapted for other versatile co-doped graphene. This work may pave the way for the development of co-doped graphene-based devices where manipulation of atomic arrangement can result in a structure with properties desirable for catalytic or electronics applications.
Manipulation of Nitrogen-Heteroatom Configuration for Enhanced Charge-Storage Performance and Reliability of Nanoporous Carbon Electrodes
(2020-07-22)
Sutarsis
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Patra, Jagabandhu
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Su, Ching-Yuan
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Li, Ju
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Bresser, Dominic
In this study, various nitrogen-containing functional groups, namely, pyridine (N-6), pyrrole (N-5), oxidized N (N-O), and quaternary N (N-Q), are created on activated carbon (AC) surface via melamine, ammonia, and nitric oxide doping methods. N-5 and N-6 groups markedly alter the specific surface area and pore size of AC. N-O is found to affect electrolyte wettability, and the N-Q content is closely associated with AC electronic conductivity. The nitrogen-containing groups do not contribute to pseudocapacitance in propylene carbonate and acetonitrile electrolytes. However, the nitric-oxide-treated carbon (AC-NO) exhibits the best highrate charge-discharge performance among the investigated materials. The N-Q-enriched and N-5/N-6-depleted AC-NO most effectively suppresses the leakage current and gas evolution of supercapacitors. Online gas chromatography is used to analyze the gaseous species produced from AC electrodes. With an appropriate surface functionality on carbon, the cell voltage can be increased to similar to 3 V, increasing the energy and power densities. The aging behavior of the carbon electrodes with and without nitrogen modification after being floated at 2.5 V and 70 degrees C for 3 days is investigated. An effective strategy for enhancing supercapacitor performance and reliability is proposed.
Nanocatalyst-Assisted Fine Tailoring of Pore Structure in Holey-Graphene for Enhanced Performance in Energy Storage
(2019-10-09)
Dutta, Dipak
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Jiang, Jian-Yong
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Jamaluddin, Anif
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He, Shih-Ming
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Hung, Yu-Han
Nanoporous holey-graphene (HG) shows potential versatility in several technological fields, especially in biomedical, water filtration, and energy storage applications. Particularly, for ultrahigh electrochemical energy storage applications, HG has shown promise in addressing the issue of low gravimetric and volumetric energy densities by boosting of the ion-transport efficiency in a high-mass-loaded graphene electrode. However, there are no studies showing complete control over the entire pore architecture and density of HG and their effect on high-rate energy storage. Here, we report a unique and cost-effective method for obtaining well-controlled HG, where a copper nanocatalyst assists the predefined porosity tailoring of the HG and leads to an extraordinary high pore density that exceeds 1 x 10(3) mu m(-2). The pore architectures of the hierarchical and homogenous pores of HG were realized through a rationally designed nanocatalyst and the annealing procedure in this method. The HG electrode with a high mass loading results in improved supercapacitor performance that is at least 1 order of magnitude higher than conventional graphene flakes (reduced electrochemically exfoliated graphene (rECG)) in areal capacitance (similar to 100% retention of capacitance until 15 000 cycles), energy density, and power density. The diffusion coefficient of the HG electrode is 1.5-fold higher than that of rECG at a mass loading of 15 mg cm(-2), indicating excellent ion-transport efficiency. The excellent ion-transport efficiency of HG is further proved by nearly 4-fold magnitude lowering of its R-ion (the ionic resistance in the electrolyte-filled pores) value as compared with rECG when estimated for equivalent high-mass loaded electrodes. Furthermore, the HG exhibits a packing density that is 2 orders of magnitude higher than rECG, revealing the utility of the maximum electrode mass and possessing higher volumetric capacitance. The perfect tailoring of HG with optimized porosity allows the achievement of high areal capacitance and excellent cycling stability due to the facile ion-and charge-transport at high-mass-loaded electrodes, which could open a new avenue for addressing the long-existing issue of practical application of graphene-based energy storage devices.
Opening an Electrical Band Gap of Bilayer Graphene with Molecular Doping
(2011-09-01)
Zhang, Wenjing
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Lin, Cheng-Te
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Liu, Keng-Ku
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Tite, Teddy
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Su, Ching-Yuan
The opening of an electrical band l gap in graphene Is crucial for its application for logic circuits. Recent studies have shown that an energy gap in Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene can be generated by applying an electric displacement field. Molecular doping has also been proposed to open the electrical gap of bilayer graphene by breaking either in-plane symmetry or inversion symmetry; however, no direct observation of an electrical gap has been reported. Here we discover that the organic molecule triazine is able to form a uniform thin coating on the top surface of a bilayer graphene, which efficiently blocks the accessible doping sites and prevents ambient p-doping on the top layer. The charge distribution asymmetry between the top and bottom layers can then be enhanced simply by increasing the p-doping from oxygen/moisture to the bottom layer. The on/off current ratio for a bottom-gated bilayer transistor operated in ambient condition Is improved by at least 1 order of magnitude. The estimated electrical band gap is up to similar to 111 meV at room temperature. The observed electrical band gap dependence on the hole-carrier density increase agrees well with the recent density-functional theory calculations. This research provides a simple method to obtain a graphene bilayer transistor with a moderate on/off current ratio, which can be stably operated in air without the need to use an additional top gate.
Scalable Patterning of MoS2 Nanoribbons by Micromolding in Capillaries
(2016-08-17)
Hung, Yu-Han
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Lu, Ang-Yu
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Chang, Yung-Huang
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Huang, Jing-Kai
;
Chang, Jeng-Kuei
In this study, we report a facile approach to prepare dense arrays of MoS2 nanoribbons by combining procedures. of micromolding in capillaries (MIMIC) and thermolysis of thiosalts ((NH4)(2)MoS4) as the printing ink. The obtained MoS2 nanoribbons had a "thickness reaching as. low as 3.9 nm, a width ranging from 157 to 465 nm, and a length up to 2 cm. MoS2 nanoribbons with an extremely high aspect ratio (lengthiwidtfi) of similar to 7.4 X 10(8) were achieved. The MoS2 pattern can be printed on versatile substrates, such as SiO2/Si, sapphire, Au film, FTO/glass, and graphene-coated glass. The degree of crystallinity of the as-prepared MoS2 was discovered to be adjustable by varying the temperature through postannealing. The high-temperature thermolysis (1000 degrees C) results in high-quality conductive samples, and field-effect transistors, based on the patterned MoS2 nanoribbons were demonstrated and characterized, where the carrier mobility was comparable to that of thin-film MoS2. In contrast, the low-temperature-treated samples (170 degrees C) result in a unique nanocrystalline MOSx structure (x approximate to 2.5), where the abundant and exposed edge sites were obtained from highly dense arrays of nanoribbon structures by this MIMIC patterning method,: The patterned MoSx was revealed to have superior electrocatalytic efficiency (an overpotential of similar to 211 mV at 10 mA/cm(2) and a Tafel slope of 43 mV/dec) in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) when compared to the thin-film MoS2. The report introduces a new concept for rapidly fabricating cost-effective and high-density MoS2/MoSx natiostructures on versatile substrates, which may pave the way for potential applications in nanoelectronics/optoelectronics and frontier energy materials.
Tuning of Na+ Concentration in an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte to Optimize Solid-Electrolyte Interphase at Microplasma-Synthesized Graphene Anode for Na-Ion Batteries
(2019-10-07)
Luo, Xu-Feng
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Chiang, Wei-Hung
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Su, Ching-Yuan
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Wu, Tzi-Yi
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Majumder, S. B.
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are promising anodes for Na-ion batteries owing to their unique architectures and tunable physiochemical properties. However, their high surface area requires sophisticated electrolyte/electrode interface control to improve the charge-discharge efficiency and reversibility. This study uses microplasma-synthesized graphene nanosheets (MPGNSs) as a model 2D material. The effects of NaFSI concentration in an N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte are systematically investigated. It is found that the chemical composition of the solid-electrolyte interphase depends on the electrolyte formulation, leading to distinct Coulombic efficiency, discharge capacity, rate capability, and cyclability of the MPGNS electrodes. The thermal reactivity of the sodiated MPGNSs (in terms of exothermic onset temperature and total heat released) upon heating is studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The IL electrolyte with a proper Na+ fraction is superior to a conventional organic carbonate electrolyte for practical NIB applications.