Browsing by Author "Tsai, YP"

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A Bayesian approach to video object segmentation via merging 3-D watershed volumes
(2005-01-01)
Tsai, YP
;
Lai, CC
;
Hung, YP
;
Shih, ZC
;
資訊工程學系
In this letter, we propose a Bayesian approach to video object segmentation. Our method consists of two stages. In the first stage, we partition the video data into a set of three-dimensional (3-D) watershed volumes, where each watershed volume is a series of corresponding two-dimensional (2-D) image regions. These 2-D image regions are obtained by applying to each image frame the marker-controlled watershed segmentation, where the markers are extracted by first generating a set of initial markers via temporal tracking and then refining the markers with two shrinking schemes: the iterative adaptive erosion and the verification against a presimplified watershed segmentation. Next, in the second stage, we use a Markov random field to model the spatio-temporal relationship among the 3-D watershed volumes that are obtained from the first stage. Then, the desired video objects can be extracted by merging watershed volumes having similar motion characteristics within a Bayesian framework. A major advantage of this method is that it can take into account the global motion information contained in each watershed volume. Our experiments have shown that the proposed method has potential for extracting moving objects from a video sequence.
A method for calibrating a motorized object rig
(2006)
Huang, PH
;
Tsai, YP
;
Lo, WY
;
Shih, SW
;
Chen, CS
Object Movies (OMs) have been successfully used in many applications. However, the techniques for acquiring OMs still need to be improved if high-quality and efficient OMs are desired. In this paper, we present a method for calibrating a motorized object rig to facilitate the acquisition of OMs. We first apply the CPC kinematic model to formulate the 3D configuration of the device, and then propose a method to estimate the parameters of the CPC model of the device. Furthermore, a visual tool is provided for users to adjust the controllable axes of the rig according to the estimated results. After this calibration, more accurate camera parameters can be obtained and then be used for different purposes. In this work, we use the parameters to reconstruct, from an OM, the 3D model of the object, and then adjust the OM according to the center of the 3D model so that a high-quality OM can be obtained for rendering.
A novel pretreatment technology for organic low-dielectric material to suppress copper diffusion and improve ashing resistance
(2000-06-01)
Chang, KM
;
Deng, IC
;
Tsai, YP
;
Wen, CY
;
Yeh, SJ
new novel pretreatment technology for integration of organic low-dielectric material in copper interconnects for ultralarge scale integration applications is developed. Using NH3 plasma treatment, two extremely important advantages were achieved in spin-on organic polymer (SOP), including the reduction of copper diffusion and the improvement of ashing resistance. A copper/SOP/Si capacitor structure is used to study the electrical characteristics of SOP film after ashing treatment or postanneal. Higher barrier capability and better ashing resistance can be achieved by the SOP layer after NH3 plasma treatment. After annealing at 500 degrees C for 60 min, secondary ion mass spectroscopy depths profile shows that the Cu atoms do not penetrate into the SOP when they are pretreated by NH3 plasma. Furthermore after the ashing step, the carbon atoms in the SOP film almost remain the same when they are pretreated by NH3 plasma. On the other hand, the concentration of carbon in as-cured SOP is no longer seen. The reason of improving ashing resistance and better barrier capability was due to the organic polymer film rearranging to form a carbon-containing silicon nitride film. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)10-007-7. Ail rights reserved.
Augmented stereo panoramas
(2006)
Chen, CW
;
Chan, LW
;
Tsai, YP
;
Hung, YP
;
資訊工程學系
Panoramas and object movies are popular image-based techniques for modeling and rendering 3D scenes and objects. In this paper, we present a method which allows the authors of virtual exhibition systems to produce an augmented stereo panorama by interactively integrating stereo object movies into a stereo panorama. When navigating in the augmented stereo panorama with a stereoscopic display, the user can directly browse the stereo object movies that he is interested in. With augmented stereo panoramas, the user can enjoy more persuasive interaction with better depth perception. To our best knowledge, this paper is the first work to integrate stereoscopic image-based scenes with stereo object movies.
Comparison between immersion-based and toboggan-based watershed image segmentation
(2006-03-01)
Lin, YC
;
Tsai, YP
;
Hung, YP
;
Shih, ZC
;
資訊工程學系
Watershed segmentation has recently become a popular tool for image segmentation. There are two approaches to implementing watershed segmentation: immersion approach and toboggan simulation. Conceptually, the immersion approach can be viewed as an approach that starts from low altitude to high altitude and the toboggan approach as an approach that starts from high altitude to low altitude. The former seemed to be more popular recently (e.g., Vincent and Soille), but the latter had its own supporters (e.g., Mortensen and Barrett). It was not clear whether the two approaches could lead to exactly the same segmentation result and which approach was more efficient. In this paper, we present two "order-invariant" algorithms for watershed segmentation, one based on the immersion approach and the other on the toboggan approach. By introducing a special RIDGE label to achieve the property of order-invariance, we find that the two conceptually opposite approaches can indeed obtain the same segmentation result. When running on a Pentium-III PC, both of our algorithms require only less than 1130 s for a 256 x 256,image and 115 s for a 512 x 512 image, on average. What is more surprising is that the toboggan algorithm, which is less well known in the computer vision community, turns out to run faster than immersion algorithm for almost all the test images we have used, especially when the image is large, say, 512 x 512 or larger. This paper also gives some explanation as to Why the toboggan algorithm can be more efficient in most cases.
Hierarchical feature-based volume morphing
(2002-01-01)
Ke, HR
;
Tsai, YP
;
Shih, ZC
;
資訊工程學系
;
Department of Computer Science
Morphing techniques have been applied to many fields to create astounding visual effects. In this paper, we present a hierarchical feature-based volume morphing-algorithm, which leverages the idea of feature-element hierarchy to significantly improve morphing effects. A new type of feature element, the cylinder field, is also given to facilitate the task of feature specification and correspondence. Additionally, with a slight modification, the proposed algorithm can be applied to volume animation.
Real-time software method for preserving eye contact in video conferencing
(2004-09-01)
Tsai, YP
;
Kao, CC
;
Hung, YP
;
Shih, ZC
;
資訊工程學系
By maintaining eye contact in visual communication, such as in video conferencing, the feeling of intimacy can be greatly enhanced. Unfortunately, due to the physical constraints on the arrangement of cameras and monitors, it is not easy to preserve eye contact in video conferencing. Most people have tried to solve this problem using hardware approaches, which usually lead to bulky or expensive solutions. In this paper, we propose a real-time software method for preserving eye contact in video conferencing. For each station involved in video conferencing, we use two pre-calibrated cameras to acquire a stereo view of the local participant. Then, we apply disparity-based view morphing to the acquired stereo view to generate the desired view that preserves eye contact with another participant. Our experiments demonstrate that the eye contact problem can indeed be solved in real-time by using our software approach. This is the first time a software approach has been shown to be practical for preserving eye contact in video conferencing.
Suppression of copper diffusion through barrier metal-free hydrogen silsesquioxane dielectrics by NH3 plasma treatment
(1999-12-01)
Chang, KM
;
Deng, IC
;
Yeh, SJ
;
Tsai, YP
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
A low dielectric constant material, hydrogen silsesquioxane (FOx-16), can successfully suppress Cu diffusion without barrier metal by using NH3 plasma treatment. After NH3 plasma treatment, the hydrogen silsesquioxane film with lower leakage current and better barrier ability was achieved. This film almost keeps the same dielectric constant after different plasma exposure times. The decrease in leakage current with more exposure time is due to dangling bonds passivated by -H bonds on porous hydrogen silsesquioxane. The better barrier ability is due to a thin nitride film formed on the dielectric. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S1099-0062(99)06-025-3. All rights reserved.
Using NH3 plasma pretreatment to improve the characteristics of organic spin-on low-k materials for copper metallization
(2001-11-01)
Chang, KM
;
Tseng, MH
;
Deng, IC
;
Tsai, YP
;
Yeh, SJ
Organic low-k materials have got more attention for reducing integrated circuits RC delay time. A serious problem, in degradation of organic low-k materials is induced by ashing step, In this study, an NH3 plasma-treated spin-on low-k material was used as a dielectric layer for Cu metalization. After NH3 plasma treatment for 10 min, the low dielectric constant films can prevent ashing damage without changing their original dielectric constant. An extra advantage of blocking copper diffusion was achieved after NH3 plasma treatment. The improvement of low dielectric constant films was due to an oxynitride film formed on the surface of low dielectric constant film. This oxynitride film also prevents the Cu diffusion/migration into the underlying dielectric and plays a role of passive diffusion barriers.
Using NH3 plasma treatment to improve the characteristics of hydrogen silsesquioxane for copper interconnection application
(2000-05-01)
Chang, KM
;
Deng, IC
;
Yeh, SJ
;
Tsai, YP
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
Hydrogen silsesquioxane, a material with low dielectric constant, can successfully suppress Cu diffusion without using a barrier metal by implementing a NH3 plasma treatment. Lower leakage current and better barrier capability can be achieved by hydrogen silsesquioxane film after NH3 plasma treatment. Having been treated with different plasma exposure rimes. this film can still maintain its original dielectric constant with few changes. The decrease in leakage current with increasing exposure time can be attributed to the following mechanisms: dielectric film becomes denser, dangling bonds are passivated, nitride film is formed on the hydrogen silsesquioxane, and the bulk damage of hydrogen silsesquioxane is annealed out. A thin layer of nitride formed on the dielectric is the cause for having better capability. The thickness of the nitride layer on hydrogen silsesquioxane is about 35 nm, and it can prevent the Cu diffusion/migration into the underlying dielectric. The role of our nitride film is to act as a passive diffusion barrier. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)10-093-4. All rights reserved.