Browsing by Author "Wang, Haihong"

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A numerical modelling study of SO2 adsorption on activated carbons with new rate equations
(2018-12-01)
Li, Ziyi
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Liu, Yingshu
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Wang, Haihong
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Tsai, Chuen-Jinn
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Yang, Xiong
Modelling dynamic adsorption of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on activated carbons (ACs) is significant in guiding practical desulphurization processes and making highly efficient use of adsorbents in terms of the adsorption rate which largely depends on particle size. In this work, models derived from the Vermeulen and an improved linear driving force (LDF) rate equation were studied for the first time on SO2 adsorption over AC particles with different sizes. For larger particles (>= 3 mm), breakthrough curves predicted by the Vermeulen equation showed good agreement with experimental data, demonstrating that intraparticle diffusion resistance varied with particle size, feed concentration, adsorption time and location. For smaller particles (1 mm), a correction on the volume-averaged adsorption capacity as a function of adsorption time and saturation in the rate equation was developed to avoid the underestimation of adsorption rate due to the inappropriate parabolic concentration profile inherent in the conventional LDF model. By providing a concentration gradient and adsorption rate closer to actual values, the improved LDF equation was confirmed to provide excellent prediction results on 1-mm particles. Different modelling characteristics of the two models indicates varying effects of intraparticle diffusion on adsorption rate with particle size regarding the specificity of SO2 physisorption on ACs.
A subwaveform threshold retracker for ERS-1 altimetry: A case study in the Antarctic Ocean
(2012-04-01)
Yang, Yuande
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Hwang, Cheinway
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Hsu, Hung-Jui
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E, Dongchen
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Wang, Haihong
Based on a correlation analysis method, a subwaveform threshold retracker is developed and coded in FORTRAN for satellite altimetry to determine the leading edge and retracking gate, and to improve the precision of sea surface heights (SSHs) and gravity anomalies (GAs). Using ERS-1/ERM waveforms, the subwaveform threshold retracker outperforms full-waveform threshold retrackers at the tide gage Port Station. A direct comparison between retracked SSHs and in situ SSHs is made at tide gage Port Station. Here the subwaveform retracking improves SSH precision from 0.241 to 0.193 m, yielding an improvement percentage (IMP) of 20%. Using ERS-1/GM waveforms, the subwaveform threshold retracker outperforms the Beta-5 and full-waveform threshold retrackers over the Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas (BAS) in the Antarctic Ocean. The standard deviations of raw and retracked SSHs are 0.157 and 0.070 and 1.836 and 0.220 m over the ice-free and ice-covered oceans, corresponding to IMPs of 54.4% and 88%, respectively. Use of retracking improves the precision of GAs by up to 46.6% when comparing altimeter-derived and shipborne GAs. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Multi-Decadal Monitoring of Lake Level Changes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by the TOPEX/Poseidon-Family Altimeters: Climate Implication
(2016-06-01)
Hwang, Cheinway
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Cheng, Yung-Sheng
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Han, Jiancheng
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Kao, Ricky
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Huang, Chi-Yun
Lake levels in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) provide valuable records for climate change studies. We use two decades of measurements (January 1993-December 2014) from the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P)-family satellite altimeters (T/P, Jason-1 and -2) to detect lake level variations at 23 lakes along their repeat ground tracks every 10 days. We employ an optimal processing technique to obtain quality measurements, including outlier detection, averaging and filtering. The lake level accuracies are improved by subwaveform retracking. Jason-1 delivers few measurements after waveform retracking and a cluster classification at most lakes. From January 1993 to December 2014, most lake levels in eastern Tibet rose, while those in western Tibet declined. In Qinghai, lake levels dropped before 2005 and then rose afterwards, coinciding with the measure in 2005 that protects the Qinghai ecosystem (e.g., grassland conservation). The overall pattern of lake level change in the QTP is largely affected by monsoons and lake locations. Most lake levels show clear annual and inter-annual oscillations. Certain lakes show alternating level highs and lows in the same seasons and varying amplitudes of annual oscillations due to lake level changes. We detect a sudden rise of lake level by 7 m caused by floods, varying lake level trends associated with the 199798 El Nino and other factors, and persistently rising and declining lake levels associated with the long-term precipitation trends in the QTP. The T/P-family satellites will continue to monitor lake levels here as long as the sea level monitoring program lasts, collecting a long-term climate record at highlands echoing sea level change.
Robust, Long-term Lake Level Change from Multiple Satellite Altimeters in Tibet: Observing the Rapid Rise of Ngangzi Co over a New Wetland
(2019-03-01)
Wang, Haihong
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Chu, Yonghai
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Huang, Zhengkai
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Hwang, Cheinway
;
Chao, Nengfang
Satellite altimetry has been successfully applied to monitoring water level variation of global lakes. However, it is still difficult to retrieve accurate and continuous observations for most Tibetan lakes, due to their high altitude and rough terrain. Aiming to generate long-term and accurate lake level time series for the Tibetan lakes using multi-altimeters, we present a robust strategy including atmosphere delay corrections, waveform retracking, outlier removal and inter-satellite bias adjustment. Apparent biases in dry troposphere corrections from different altimeter products are found, and such correctios must be recalculated using the same surface pressure model. A parameter is defined to evaluate the performance of the retracking algorithm. The ICE retracker outperforms the 20% and 50% threshold retrackers in the case of Ngangzi Co, where a new wetland has been established. A two-step algorithm is proposed for outlier removal. Two methods are adopted to estimate inter-satellite bias for different cases of with and without overlap. Finally, a 25-year-long lake level time series of Ngangzi Co are constructed using the TOPEX/Poseidon-family altimeter data from October 1992 to December 2017, resulting in an accuracy of 17 cm for TOPEX/Poseidon and 10 cm for Jason-1/2/3. The accuracy of retrieved lake levels is on the order of decimeter. Because of no gauge data available, ICESat and SARAL data with the accuracy better than 7 cm are used for validation. A correlation more than 0.9 can be observed between the mean lake levels from TOPEX/Poseidon-family satellites, ICESat and SARAL. Compared to the previous studies and other available altimeter-derived lake level databases, our result is the most robust and has resulted in the maximum number of continuous samples. The time series indicates that the lake level of Ngangzi Co increased by 8 m over 1998-2017 and changed with different rates in the past 25 years (-0.39 m/yr in 1992-1997, 1.03 m/yr in 1998-2002 and 0.32 m/yr in 2003-2014). These findings will enhance the understanding of water budget and the effect of climate change.