Browsing by Author "Wang, Hsiao-Fang"

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Chirality Control and Its Memory at Microphase-Separated Interface of Self-Assembled Chiral Block Copolymers for Nanostructured Chiral Materials
(2017-09-01)
Li, Ming-Chia
;
Ousaka, Naoki
;
Wang, Hsiao-Fang
;
Yashima, Eiji
;
Ho, Rong-Ming
Here, we show the induced chirality of an achiral chromophoric dye as a joint of polylactide-containing chiral block copolymers (BCPs*) driven by self-assembly, giving the achiral dyes preferentially arranged in a one-handed helical array at the microphase-separated interface. This helical arrangement of the achiral dyes can be "memorized" after hydrolysis of the polylactides in the BCPs* and serves as a chiral template for further chirality induction of different achiral dyes, probably through attractive aromatic pi-pi interactions at the interface, producing nanostructured chiral materials with tunable circular dichroism signals at desired wavelengths.
Efficient inverted quasi-bilayer organic solar cells fabricated by using non-halogenated solvent processes
(2014-09-07)
Chang, Jung-Hao
;
Wang, Hsiao-Fang
;
Lin, Wei-Chieh
;
Chiang, Kai-Ming
;
Chen, Kuan-Chen
Here we demonstrate the fabrication of novel, "quasi-bilayer" inverted organic photovoltaic devices using halogen-free solvents. The inferior solubility of pristine fullerene in non-halogenated solvents was used to control the interpenetration of upper polymeric donor layers with bottom fullerene layers. Notably, island-like nano-morphologies were revealed by AFM, SEM, TEM, cross-sectional TEM images and PL quenching measurement. Correlation between device performance, thin-film nano-morphology and ac impedance was observed. High efficiencies of 6.55% and 7.15% were observed for PBDTTT-C-T and PTB7 cells, respectively. These results demonstrate that this novel process not only offers an effective new method to control the morphology of solar active layers but, more importantly, could also be applied to a wide range of current material systems to produce efficient devices that comply with the non-toxic halogen-free requirement.
Efficient inverted quasi-bilayer organic solar cells fabricated by using non-halogenated solvent processes
(2014-09-07)
Chang, Jung-Hao
;
Wang, Hsiao-Fang
;
Lin, Wei-Chieh
;
Chiang, Kai-Ming
;
Chen, Kuan-Chen
Here we demonstrate the fabrication of novel, "quasi-bilayer" inverted organic photovoltaic devices using halogen-free solvents. The inferior solubility of pristine fullerene in non-halogenated solvents was used to control the interpenetration of upper polymeric donor layers with bottom fullerene layers. Notably, island-like nano-morphologies were revealed by AFM, SEM, TEM, cross-sectional TEM images and PL quenching measurement. Correlation between device performance, thin-film nano-morphology and ac impedance was observed. High efficiencies of 6.55% and 7.15% were observed for PBDTTT-C-T and PTB7 cells, respectively. These results demonstrate that this novel process not only offers an effective new method to control the morphology of solar active layers but, more importantly, could also be applied to a wide range of current material systems to produce efficient devices that comply with the non-toxic halogen-free requirement.
Handedness of Twisted Lamella in Banded Spherulite of Chiral Polylactides and Their Blends
(2017-07-25)
Wang, Hsiao-Fang
;
Chiang, Chen-Hung
;
Hsu, Wen-Chun
;
Wen, Tao
;
Chuang, Wei-Tsung
Banded spherulite resulting from lamellar twisting due to the imbalanced stresses at opposite fold surfaces can be formed by isothermal crystallization of chiral polylactide and its blends with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Using a polarized light microscope, the handedness of the twisted lamella in banded spherulite is determined. With the same growth axis along the radial direction as evidenced by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) for isothermally crystallized samples at different temperatures, the twisted lamellae of chiral polylactides (poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactide) (PDLA)) display opposite handedness. The split-type Cotton effect on the Co=O stretching motion of vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra helps determine the helix handedness (i.e., conformational chirality). The results indicate that the conformational chirality can be defined by the molecular chirality through intramolecular chiral interactions. Moreover, the preferred sense of the lamellar twist in the banded spherulite corresponds to the twisting direction identified by the C-O-C vibration motion of VCD spectra, reflecting the role of intermolecular chiral interactions in the packing of polylactide helices. Similar results are obtained in the blends of chiral polylactides and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, a polymer compatible with polylactide), indicating that the impact of chirality is intrinsic irrespective of the specific crystallization conditions. In contrast to the chiral polylactides, the spectrum of the crystalline stereocomplex that associates PLLA and PDLA shows VCD silence. The spectroscopic results are in line with the morphological observations. No banded spherulites are observed in the stereocomplex crystallites due to the symmetric packing of mirror L and D-chain conformations in the fold surfaces and the crystallites core.
Highly efficient organic solar cells using a solution-processed active layer with a small molecule donor and pristine fullerene
(2014)
Lin, Hao-Wu
;
Chang, Jung-Hao
;
Huang, Wei-Ching
;
Lin, Yu-Ting
;
Lin, Li-Yen
A new strategy has been successfully established to realize high efficiency small molecule organic solar cells with a solution-processed active layer composed of a small organic molecule as the donor and pristine C-70 as the acceptor. Using 1,2-dichlorobenzene as solvent, a homogeneous donor/C-70 blend active layer can be effectively formed either by spin- or bar-coating techniques. This method delivers organic solar cells with high power conversion efficiencies up to 5.9%.
Homochiral Evolution in Self-Assembled Chiral Polymers and Block Copolymers
(2017-04-01)
Wen, Tao
;
Wang, Hsiao-Fang
;
Li, Ming-Chia
;
Ho, Rong-Ming
;
生物科技學系
The significance of chirality transfer is not only involved in biological systems, such as the origin of homochiral structures in life but also in man-made chemicals and materials. How the chiral bias transfers from molecular level (molecular chirality) to helical chain (conformational chirality) and then to helical superstructure or phase (hierarchical chirality) from self-assembly is vital for the chemical and biological processes in nature, such as communication, replication, and enzyme catalysis. In this Account, we summarize the methodologies for the examination of homochiral evolution at different length scales based on our recent studies with respect to the self-assembly of chiral polymers and chiral block copolymers (BCPs*). A helical (H*) phase to distinguish its P622 symmetry from that of normal hexagonally packed cylinder phase was discovered in the self-assembly of BCPs* due to the chirality effect on BCP self-assembly. Enantiomeric polylactide-containing BCPs*, polystyrene-b-poly(L-lactide) (PS PLLA) and polystyrene-b-poly(D-lactide) (PS-PDLA), were synthesized for the examination of homochiral evolution. The optical activity (molecular chirality) of constituted chiral repeating unit in the chiral polylactide is detected by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) whereas the conformational chirality of helical polylactide chain can be explicitly determined by vibrational circular dichroism (VCD). The H* phases of the self-assembled polylactide-containing BCPs* can be directly visualized by 3D transmission electron microscopy (3D TEM) technique at which the handedness (hierarchical chirality) of the helical nanostructure is thus determined. The results from the ECD, VCD, and 3D TEM for the investigated chirality at different length scales suggest the homochiral evolution in the self-assembly of the BCPs*. For chiral polylactides, twisted lamellae in crystalline banded spherulite can be formed by dense packing scheme and effective interactions upon helical chains from self-assembly. The handedness of the twisted lamella can be determined by using rotation experiment of polarized light microscopy (PLM). Similar to the self-assembly of BCPs*, the examined results suggest the homochiral evolution in the crystallized chiral polylactides. The results presented in this Account demonstrate the notable progress in the spectral and morphological determination for the examination of molecular, conformational, and hierarchical chirality in self-assembled twisted superstructures of chiral polymers and helical phases of block copolymers and suggest the attainability of homochiral evolution in the self-assembly of chiral homopolymers and BCPs*. The suggested methodologies for the understanding of the mechanisms of the chirality transfer at different length scales provide the approaches to give Supporting Information for disclosing the mysteries of the homochiral evolution from molecular level.