Browsing by Author "Wong, Jinn-Tsai"

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13

A multinomial choice model approach for dynamic driver vision transitions
(2015-01-01)
Huang, Shih-Hsuan
;
Wong, Jinn-Tsai
;
運輸與物流管理系註：原交通所+運管所
;
Department of Transportation and Logistics Management
Exploring the continual process of drivers allocating their attention under varying conditions could be vital for preventing motor vehicle crashes. This study aims to model visual behaviors and to estimate the effects of various contributing factors on driver\'s vision transitions. A visual attention allocation framework, based on certain contributing attributes related to driving tasks and environmental conditions, has been developed. The associated logit type models for determining driver choices for focal points were successfully formulated and estimated by using naturalistic glance data from the 100-car event database. The results offer insights into driver visual behavior and patterns of visual attention allocation. The three focal points that drivers most frequently rely on and glance at are the forward, left and rear view mirror. The sample drivers were less likely to demonstrate troublesome transition patterns, particularly in mentally demanding situations. Additionally, instead of shifting vision directly between two non-forward focal points, the sample drivers frequently had an intermediate forward glance. Thus, seemingly unrelated paths could be grouped into explanatory patterns of driver attention allocation. Finally, in addition to the vision-transition patterns, the potential pitfalls of such patterns and possible countermeasures to improving safety are illustrated, focusing on situations when drivers are distracted, traveling at high speeds and approaching intersections. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A survival model for flight delay propagation
(2012-08-01)
Wong, Jinn-Tsai
;
Tsai, Shy-Chang
;
運輸與物流管理系註：原交通所+運管所
;
Department of Transportation and Logistics Management
This paper examines flight delay propagation involving a Taiwanese domestic airline. The Cox proportional hazards model is used to develop departure and arrival delay models that show how flight delay propagation can be formulated through repeated chain effects in aircraft rotations. The hazard ratios obtained provide measures of the chances of recovering from flight delays under a variety of situations and the effects that individual contributing factors of flight delays have on airline schedule reliability. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Analyzing heterogeneous accident data from the perspective of accident occurrence
(2008-01-01)
Wong, Jinn-Tsai
;
Chung, Yi-Shih
;
運輸與物流管理系註：原交通所+運管所
;
Department of Transportation and Logistics Management
Clustering and classification approaches have been commonly applied in reducing the heterogeneity in accident data. As part of an effort to understand the features of the heterogeneity, this study assessed accident data from the perspective of accident occurrences. Using the rule-based classification method, rough set theory, rules were derived which consisted of indispensable factors to certain accident outcomes and reflected the process of accident occurrences. The occurring frequency of each derived rule was then adopted as the basis for grouping accidents for further analyses. Empirical results showed that rules with high occurring frequencies were largely related to drivers with high-risk characteristics. On the other hand, road facilities played a key role in rules with low-occurring frequencies. The distinctive features indicated the essential differences between the frequently repeated and the sparsely unique processes of accident occurrences. This suggests that the heterogeneity of accident data is not limited to one single factor, such as age, gender or area. Thus, the proposed approach, which takes the process of accident occurrences into consideration, can be a potential alternative to more comprehensively analyze the heterogeneity in accident data. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Attention allocation patterns in naturalistic driving
(2013-09-01)
Wong, Jinn-Tsai
;
Huang, Shih-Hsuan
;
運輸與物流管理系註：原交通所+運管所
;
Department of Transportation and Logistics Management
The key to safe driving is the adequate distribution of the driver's attention to the forward area and to other non-forward focal points. However, thus far, current methods are not able to well quantify the entire process of a driver's attention allocation. Therefore, this study proposed a novel concept of renewal cycles for representing and analyzing driver attention allocation. Using the 100-car naturalistic glance data, this study found that 90.74% of drivers' attention allocations were 2-glance renewal cycles. The findings suggest that the sample drivers usually separated their lapses of attention from the forward direction into several sequences by directing their vision back to the forward direction after each visual shift away from it. In addition, although a markedly smaller number of cycles were more than 3-glances (2.09% renewal cycles), drivers were certainly less aware of the frontal area and at a higher risk of having an accident during such cycles. This finding might have striking implications for accident prevention. This area of study deserves further attention. Among the generated renewal cycles, lots of them repeated frequently, especially cycles related to invehicle distractions. To analyze the different characteristics among various attributes, distribution of the common renewal cycles under different conditions was examined. As expected, drivers displayed different renewal cycles under various road conditions and with various driver intentions. Although these sample drivers were not representative, the preliminary research results were promising and fruitful for potential applications, particularly educating novice drivers. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Beyond general behavioral theories: Structural discrepancy in young motorcyclist's risky driving behavior and its policy implications
(2012-11-01)
Chung, Yi-Shih
;
Wong, Jinn-Tsai
;
運輸與物流管理系註：原交通所+運管所
;
Department of Transportation and Logistics Management
While many studies examine the mean score differences of psychological determinants between heterogeneous driver groups, this study reveals a structural discrepancy in a causal behavioral framework. Using young motorcyclists (ages 18-28) as subjects, this study investigates the various roles of key influential factors in determining risky driving behavior. Multi-group analysis of structural equation modeling shows that age and gender are two factors that can effectively distinguish heterogeneous driver groups exhibiting different decision-making mechanisms in shaping their risky driving behaviors. When encountering undesirable traffic conditions, road rage can immediately increase male motorcyclists' intentions to engage in risky driving behaviors; on the other hand, young female motorcyclists further calculate their perceived risk to determine whether to engage in risky driving behaviors. This result shows that there is a significant link between risk perception and traffic condition awareness for experienced drivers (ages 25-28), but not for younger drivers (ages 18-24). This finding shows that while well-developed theories such as planned behavior and risk homeostasis provide general frameworks to explain risky driving behavior, heterogeneous driver groups may exhibit structural discrepancies that reflect their various decision-making mechanisms. This suggests that, in addition to mean differences, understanding structural discrepancies among heterogeneous groups could help researchers identify effective intervention strategies. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cargo market competition among Asia Pacific\'s major airports
(2016-09)
Wong, Jinn-Tsai
;
Chung, Yi-Shih
;
Hsu, Pi-Yuan
;
運輸與物流管理系註：原交通所+運管所
;
Department of Transportation and Logistics Management
Globalization and the ensuing changes in the supply chain network have strengthened competition among airports. For this study, we selected 13 primary airports in Asia Pacific, and investigated their competition, airport hierarchy, and competitive potential in cargo markets in terms of demand and supply. Specifically, we examined indicators including flight frequency, route distributions, composition of flag carriers, international trade, and centrality of the selected airports. The results revealed that Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport (TPE), Hong Kong International Airport (HKG), Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PVG), and Incheon International Airport (ICN) had the greatest competitive advantage of distinct developmental patterns. Compared with TPE and ICN, which are national-carrier oriented airports, HKG and PVG have been developed efficiently in the network of both national and foreign carriers. Although TPE and ICN perform well in the networks of conventional carriers, PVG is competitive in the network of all-freight carriers, and HKG performs efficiently in both the networks of the conventional and all-freight carriers. Overall, Hong Kong International Airport has been prominent in the Asia Pacific air-cargo market. Nevertheless, considering the networks of the integrator carriers, Chinese airports have the most potential in this region. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Comparison of Methodology Approach to Identify Causal Factors of Accident Severity
(2008)
Wong, Jinn-Tsai
;
Chung, Yi-Shih
;
運輸與物流管理系註：原交通所+運管所
;
Department of Transportation and Logistics Management
Identifying the factors that significantly affect accident severity has become one of the many ways to reduce it. While many accident database studies have reported associations between factors and severities, few of them could assert causality, primarily because of uncontrolled confounding effects. This research is an attempt to resolve the issue by comparing the difference between what happened and what would have happened in different circumstances. Data on accidents were analyzed first with rough set theory to determine whether they included complete information about the circumstances of their occurrence by an accident database. The derived circumstances were then compared with each other. For those remaining accidents without sufficient information, logistic regression models were employed to investigate possible associations. Adopting the 2005 Taiwan single-auto-vehicle accident data set, the empirical study showed that an accident could be fatal mainly because of a combination of unfavorable factors instead of a single unfavorable factor. Moreover, the accidents related to rules with high support and those with low support showed distinct features.
Determinants behind young motorcyclists' risky riding behavior
(2010-01-01)
Wong, Jinn-Tsai
;
Chung, Yi-Shih
;
Huang, Shih-Hsuan
;
運輸與物流管理系註：原交通所+運管所
;
Department of Transportation and Logistics Management
Young motorcyclists have traditionally been considered a high-risk population. Given the critical influence of riders' behaviors on traffic safety, identifying what riders think can help clarify the nature of accidents. Although psychological studies have explored the relationships among personality traits, attitudes and risky driving behavior, the primary difference this study makes from past studies is incorporating both positive and negative effects in a refined causal framework. This study adopts structural equation modeling to analyze data collected from 683 young motorcyclists aged between 18 and 28. The results conclude three primary personality traits of young motorcyclists, namely sensation seeking, amiability and impatience. While amiable riders represent a group of relatively mature and safe riders, the sensation-seeking riders are extremely self-confident, comfortable with unsafe riding and interested in the utility gained from it. Meanwhile, the sensation-seeking ones also are highly aware of traffic conditions, which may lower the chances of getting into an accident, but the accident could be extremely severe if it ever occurs. Impatient riders, having low riding confidence and traffic awareness deficiency, also seek utility from certain risky riding behaviors. However, their fear of an accident leads them to fail to observe surrounding traffic conditions. The result indicates various mental compromise mechanisms for young motorcyclists in conducting riding behaviors. Thus, corresponding countermeasures, including licensure system and ITS roadway development, should consider the heterogeneous characteristics of young riders. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Developing effective professional bus driver health programs: An investigation of self-rated health
(2011-11-01)
Chung, Yi-Shih
;
Wong, Jinn-Tsai
;
運輸與物流管理系註：原交通所+運管所
;
Department of Transportation and Logistics Management
The health of professional bus drivers is a critical factor in their driving performance; any impairment may lead to undesired consequences. In an attempt to develop and prioritize health and wellness programs, this study investigates the factors significantly affecting the health conditions of professional bus drivers, as well as the strength of these factors. This study uses self-rated health as the examination measurement. This simple assessment is an inclusive measure of health status for judging health trajectory, and is highly associated with changes in functional ability, including perceived control over driving. This study evaluates driver responses of self-rated health with ordered response models that consider factors such as the driver reported health problems, physical and psychological conditions, demographic factors, driving experience, and working environment. Analysis of a sample of 785 drivers shows that age, body mass index, depression, daily working hours, perceived company safety culture, and health problems are the factors significantly affecting self-rated health. Depression has the greatest effect among all factors except health problems. Unlike the linear relationships for the other factors, the relationships between depression levels and perceived health are S-shaped. The results of ordered response models suggest that these influential factors have distinct effects on the self-rated health of individual drivers and on the different levels of self-rated health. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Exploring air network formation and development with a two-part model
(2019-02-01)
Wang, Yu-Chen
;
Wong, Jinn-Tsai
;
運輸與物流管理系註：原交通所+運管所
;
Department of Transportation and Logistics Management
Exploring the Impact of Introducing Scheduled Flights on Aviation Markets Experience from Opening of China-Taiwan Nonstop Flights
(2011)
Chung, Yi-Shih
;
Wong, Jinn-Tsai
;
運輸與物流管理系註：原交通所+運管所
;
Department of Transportation and Logistics Management
The commencement of regular nonstop flights between mainland China and Taiwan in December 2008 was expected to increase the flow of traffic across the Taiwan Strait. Travelers would no longer have to stop to change aircraft; the flight between mainland China and Taiwan would be quicker, cheaper, and more convenient. Hong Kong and Macau, formerly the gateways connecting Taiwan to China, would now compete with point-to-point nonstop flights available to cross-strait travelers. The aim of this study was to examine the evolving supply and demand associated with the aviation market between China and Taiwan and to focus on the changes resulting from the introduction of scheduled nonstop flights. Data covering a 15-month period were collected and analyzed by using multi-level models. The results show that despite rapid growth in the nonstop cross-strait air travel market, growth rates are still restricted by limitations set by the Chinese and Taiwanese governments, particularly those routes connecting Taiwan with first-tier Chinese cities. For this reason, some travelers are forced to make a detour through Hong Kong or Macau on their way to China. However, city pairs connecting Taiwan with second- or third-tier Chinese cities have not performed as well as expected, and some markets have even demonstrated a negative trend over time, indicating a shrinking market. The market for cross-strait air travel exhibits clear heterogeneous characteristics in city pairs, which should be considered as governments take the next steps in opening up the market.
Rough set approach for accident chains exploration
(2007-05-01)
Wong, Jinn-Tsai
;
Chung, Yi-Shih
;
運輸與物流管理系註：原交通所+運管所
;
Department of Transportation and Logistics Management
This paper presents a novel non-parametric methodology - rough set theory - for accident occurrence exploration. The rough set theory allows researchers to analyze accidents in multiple dimensions and to model accident occurrence as factor chains. Factor chains are composed of driver characteristics, trip characteristics, driver behavior and environment factors that imply typical accident occurrence. A real-world database (2003 Taiwan single auto-vehicle accidents) is used as an example to demonstrate the proposed approach. The results show that although most accident patterns are unique, some accident patterns are significant and worth noting. Student drivers who are young and less experienced exhibit a relatively high possibility of being involved in off-road accidents on roads with a speed limit between 51 and 79 km/h under normal driving circumstances. Notably, for bump-into-facility accidents, wet surface is a distinctive environmental factor. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Structure Discrepancy of Riding Behavior of Heterogeneous Young Motorcyclists in Taiwan
(2010)
Wong, Jinn-Tsai
;
Chung, Yi-Shih
;
Hsiao, Li-Wen
;
運輸與物流管理系註：原交通所+運管所
;
Department of Transportation and Logistics Management
Although young motorcyclists are more likely to conduct risky driving behaviors and be involved in crashes, not all young motorcyclists are the same. Past studies have examined such heterogeneity by grouping drivers and then assessing differences between the subgroups solely on variables or constructs such as drivers' personality traits, attitudes, and risky behaviors. However, the discrepancy of causal structure relationships between personality traits and risky driving behavior in different subgroups needs to be explored further. This study thus proposes a multigroup analysis based on structural equation modeling to investigate the structural discrepancy that may exist in distinct groups. On the basis of cluster analysis of personality traits, this work identifies four types of young motorcyclists in Taiwan. Findings show that significant difference on a single construct could result in significantly different causal structures. Sensation seeking, compared with other personality traits, has the highest effect on risky riding behavior for all clusters; nevertheless, sensation seeking causes risky riding behavior following various causal paths in distinct clusters: in the risky cluster, riding confidence and perceived utility mediate between sensation seeking and risky behavior; and in the aggressive cluster, sensation seeking directly connects to risky behavior. This research also finds discrepancies in other personality traits between clusters and discusses intervention strategies corresponding to the different features of causal relationships in each cluster.