Browsing by Author "Xu, Dong-Zhu"

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Concomitant SK current activation and sodium current inhibition cause J wave syndrome
(2018-11-15)
Chen, Mu
;
Xu, Dong-Zhu
;
Wu, Adonis Z.
;
Guo, Shuai
;
Wan, Juyi
The mechanisms of J wave syndrome (JWS) are incompletely understood. Here, we showed that the concomitant activation of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) current (I-KAS) and inhibition of sodium current by cyclohexyl-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine (CyPPA) recapitulate the phenotypes of JWS in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts. CyPPA induced significant J wave elevation and frequent spontaneous ventricular fibrillation (SVF), as well as sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block, and intraventricular conduction delay. I-KAS activation by CyPPA resulted in heterogeneous shortening of action potential (AP) duration (APD) and repolarization alternans. CyPPA inhibited cardiac sodium current (I-Na) and decelerated AP upstroke and intracellular calcium transient. SVFs were typically triggered by short-coupled premature ventricular contractions, initiated with phase 2 reentry and originated more frequently from the right than the left ventricles. Subsequent I-KAS blockade by apamin reduced J wave elevation and eliminated SVF. beta-Adrenergic stimulation was antiarrhythmic in CyPPA-induced electrical storm. Like CyPPA, hypothermia (32.0 degrees C) also induced J wave elevation and SVF. It facilitated negative calcium-voltage coupling and phase 2 repolarization alternans with spatial and electromechanical discordance, which were ameliorated by apamin. These findings suggest that I-KAS activation contributes to the development of JWS in rabbit ventricles.
Sex-specific activation of SK current by isoproterenol facilitates action potential triangulation and arrhythmogenesis in rabbit ventricles
(2018-09-15)
Chen, Mu
;
Yin, Dechun
;
Guo, Shuai
;
Xu, Dong-Zhu
;
Wang, Zhuo
Sex has a large influence on cardiac electrophysiological properties. Whether sex differences exist in apamin-sensitive small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) current (I-KAS) remains unknown. We performed optical mapping, transmembrane potential, patch clamp, western blot and immunostaining in 62 normal rabbit ventricles, including 32 females and 30 males. I-KAS blockade by apamin only minimally prolonged action potential (AP) duration (APD) in the basal condition for both sexes, but significantly prolonged APD in the presence of isoproterenol in females. Apamin prolonged APD at the level of 25% repolarization (APD(25)) more prominently than APD at the level of 80% repolarization (APD(80)), consequently reversing isoproterenol-induced AP triangulation in females. In comparison, apamin prolonged APD to a significantly lesser extent in males and failed to restore the AP plateau during isoproterenol infusion. I-KAS in males did not respond to the L-type calcium current agonist BayK8644, but was amplified by the casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole. In addition, whole-cell outward I-KAS densities in ventricular cardiomyocytes were significantly larger in females than in males. SK channel subtype 2 (SK2) protein expression was higher and the CK2/SK2 ratio was lower in females than in males. I-KAS activation in females induced negative intracellular Ca2+-voltage coupling, promoted electromechanically discordant phase 2 repolarization alternans and facilitated ventricular fibrillation (VF). Apamin eliminated the negative Ca2+-voltage coupling, attenuated alternans and reduced VF inducibility, phase singularities and dominant frequencies in females, but not in males. We conclude that beta-adrenergic stimulation activates ventricular I-KAS in females to a much greater extent than in males. I-KAS activation plays an important role in ventricular arrhythmogenesis in females during sympathetic stimulation.