Browsing by Author "Yeh, Po-Chen"

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3D PRINTED BIO-SENSING CHIP FOR THE DETERMINATION OF BACTERIA ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT PROFILE
(2019-01-01)
Yeh, Po-Chen
;
Chen, Juhong
;
Karakurt, Ilbey
;
Lin, Liwei
;
交大名義發表
This study presents a novel 3D printed bio-sensing chip to characterize the antibiotic-resistant reaction profile of bacteria in real time for the first time. The chip adapts the dead-end filling method to achieve the sample solution transfer process. The experimental results demonstrate several accomplishments: (1) fabrication of the disposable and real-time bacteria detection system by 3D-printing; (2) alleviation of the typical leakage problems associated with 3D-printed structures during the transfer process for the sample solutions; and (3) demonstration of the detection of E. coli-antibiotic tests using a smart phone with the RGB pixel analysis app with the color identification to achieve the bacteria antibiotic-resistant profile. As such, this work could open up a new class of disposable bio-sensing characterization systems based on the combination of 3D-printing and wireless data transmission technologies.
A 94 GHz 10.8 mW Low-Noise Amplifier With Inductive Gain Boosting in 40 nm Digital CMOS Technology
(2019-01-01)
Yeh, Po-Chen
;
Kuo, Chien-Nan
;
交大名義發表
;
National Chiao Tung University
A W-band low-power, low-noise amplifier is designed and fabricated in 40 nm digital CMOS technology. The method of inductive gain boosting is utilized without extra power consumption. The circuit only consumes 10.8 mW dc power with a supply voltage of 1 V. The measured peak power gain achieves 14.5 dB at 93 GHz, while the minimum noise figure is 6.4 dB at 89 GHz. The circuit occupies a core area of only 0.07 mm(2).
A magnetic-piezoelectric smart material-structure sensing three axis DC and AC magnetic-fields
(2017-12-01)
Hung, Chiao-Fang
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Chen, Chin-Chung
;
Yeh, Po-Chen
;
Chen, Po-Wen
;
Chung, Tien-Kan
In this paper, we demonstrate a smart material-structure can sense not only three-axis AC magnetic-fields but also three-axis DC magnetic-fields. Under x-axis and z-axis AC magnetic field ranging from 0.2 to 3.2 gauss, sensing sensitivity of the smart material-structure stimulated at resonant frequency is approximate 8.79 and 2.80 mV/gauss, respectively. In addition, under x-axis and z-axis DC magnetic fields ranging from 2 to 12 gauss, the sensitivity of the smart material-structure is 1.24-1.54 and 1.25-1.41 mV/gauss, respectively. In addition, under x-axis and z-axis DC magnetic fields ranging from 12 to 20 gauss, the sensitivity of the smart material-structure is 5.17-6.2 and 3.97-4.57 mV/gauss, respectively. These experimental results show that the smart material-structure successfully achieves three-axis DC and AC magnetic sensing as we designed. Furthermore, we also compare the results of the AC and DC magnetic-field sensing to investigate discrepancies. Finally, when applying composite magnetic-fields to the smart material-structure, the smart material-structure shows decent outputs as expected (consistent to the sensing principle). In the future, we believe the smart material-structure capable of sensing AC and DC magnetic fields will have more applications than conventional structures capable of sensing only DC or AC magnetic field. Thus, the smart material-structure will be an important design reference for future magnetic-field sensing technologies.
A magnetic-piezoelectric smart material-structure utilizing magnetic force interaction to optimize the sensitivity of current sensing
(2016-01-01)
Yeh, Po-Chen
;
Chung, Tien-Kan
;
Lai, Chen-Hung
;
Wang, Chieh-Min
;
機械工程學系
This paper presents a magnetic-piezoelectric smart material-structure using a novel magnetic-force-interaction approach to optimize the sensitivity of conventional piezoelectric current sensing technologies. The smart material-structure comprises a CuBe-alloy cantilever beam, a piezoelectric PZT sheet clamped to the fixed end of the beam, and an NdFeB permanent magnet mounted on the free end of the beam. When the smart material-structure is placed close to an AC conductor, the magnet on the beam of the smart structure experiences an alternating magnetic attractive and repulsive force produced by the conductor. Thus, the beam vibrates and subsequently generates a strain in the PZT sheet. The strain produces a voltage output because of the piezoelectric effect. The magnetic force interaction is specifically enhanced through the optimization approach (i.e., achieved by using SQUID and machining method to reorient the magnetization to different directions to maximize the magnetic force interaction). After optimizing, the beam\'s vibration amplitude is significantly enlarged and, consequently, the voltage output is substantially increased. The experimental results indicated that the smart material-structure optimized by the proposed approach produced a voltage output of 4.01 V-rms with a sensitivity of 501 m V-rms/A when it was placed close to a conductor with a current of 8 A at 60 Hz. The optimized voltage output and sensitivity of the proposed smart structure were approximately 316 % higher than those (1.27 V-rms with 159 m V-rms/A) of representative piezoelectric-based current sensing technologies presented in other studies. These improvements can significantly enable the development of more self-powered wireless current sensing applications in the future.
A magnetic-piezoelectric smart material-structure utilizing magnetic force interaction to optimize the sensitivity of current sensing
(2016-01)
Yeh, Po-Chen
;
Chung, Tien-Kan
;
Lai, Chen-Hung
;
Wang, Chieh-Min
;
機械工程學系
This paper presents a magnetic-piezoelectric smart material-structure using a novel magnetic-force-interaction approach to optimize the sensitivity of conventional piezoelectric current sensing technologies. The smart material-structure comprises a CuBe-alloy cantilever beam, a piezoelectric PZT sheet clamped to the fixed end of the beam, and an NdFeB permanent magnet mounted on the free end of the beam. When the smart material-structure is placed close to an AC conductor, the magnet on the beam of the smart structure experiences an alternating magnetic attractive and repulsive force produced by the conductor. Thus, the beam vibrates and subsequently generates a strain in the PZT sheet. The strain produces a voltage output because of the piezoelectric effect. The magnetic force interaction is specifically enhanced through the optimization approach (i.e., achieved by using SQUID and machining method to reorient the magnetization to different directions to maximize the magnetic force interaction). After optimizing, the beam\'s vibration amplitude is significantly enlarged and, consequently, the voltage output is substantially increased. The experimental results indicated that the smart material-structure optimized by the proposed approach produced a voltage output of 4.01 V-rms with a sensitivity of 501 m V-rms/A when it was placed close to a conductor with a current of 8 A at 60 Hz. The optimized voltage output and sensitivity of the proposed smart structure were approximately 316 % higher than those (1.27 V-rms with 159 m V-rms/A) of representative piezoelectric-based current sensing technologies presented in other studies. These improvements can significantly enable the development of more self-powered wireless current sensing applications in the future.
A MAGNETIC/MECHANICAL APPROACH FOR OPTIMIZING A MINIATURE SELF-POWERED CURRENT SENSOR
(2014-01-01)
Chung, Tien-Kan
;
Yeh, Po-Chen
;
Wang, Chieh-Min
;
機械工程學系
;
Department of Mechanical Engineering
In this paper, we demonstrate a magnetic/mechanical approach for optimizing a miniature self-powered current sensor. The sensor consists of a piezoelectric PZT sheet, Cu Be cantilever beam, NdFeB magnet, and mechanical clamp. When the sensor is placed nearby an AC-current carrying wire from a breaker, the magnet fixed on the beam of the sensor experiences an alternative magnetic attractive and repulsive force produced by an AC magnetic field generated by the wire. Due to the alternative magnetic attractive and repulsive force, the magnet fixed on the beam is oscillated. The oscillating beam deforms the PZT sheet and subsequently produces strain in the PZT sheet. Due to the piezoelectric effect, the strain is converted to a voltage response. Through the optimized approach, the voltage output of the sensor is increased from 1.27 volts to 4.01 volts when the sensor is used to detect an AC current-carrying wire of 8 ampere at 60 Hz.
A MICRO KINETIC ENERGY HARVESTER DEMONSTRATING ENERGY HARVESTING FROM 3-D MECHANICAL MOTION AND POWER INCREASING THROUGH MAGNETIC-BASED FREQUENCY RECTIFICATION
(2012)
Chung, Tien-Kan
;
Wang, Chieh-Min
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Tseng, Chia-Yuan
;
Liu, Tzu-Wei
;
Yeh, Po-Chen
In this paper, we report a micro 3-D kinetic energy harvester demonstrating an energy conversion from environmental mechanical-energy (3-D mechanical motion) to electrical energy (voltage output). In addition to energy harvesting/conversion from 3-D motion, we demonstrate a non-contact frequency-up rectification approach which converts an incoming lower vibration frequency to a higher frequency in order to increase the power output of the harvester.
A Miniature Magnetic-Force-Based Three-Axis AC Magnetic Sensor with Piezoelectric/Vibrational Energy-Harvesting Functions
(2017-02-01)
Hung, Chiao-Fang
;
Yeh, Po-Chen
;
Chung, Tien-Kan
;
機械工程學系
;
國際半導體學院
In this paper, we demonstrate a miniature magnetic-force-based, three-axis, AC magnetic sensor with piezoelectric/vibrational energy-harvesting functions. For magnetic sensing, the sensor employs a magnetic-mechanical-piezoelectric configuration (which uses magnetic force and torque, a compact, single, mechanical mechanism, and the piezoelectric effect) to convert x-axis and y-axis in-plane and z-axis magnetic fields into piezoelectric voltage outputs. Under the x-axis magnetic field (sine-wave, 100 Hz, 0.2-3.2 gauss) and the z-axis magnetic field (sine-wave, 142 Hz, 0.2-3.2 gauss), the voltage output with the sensitivity of the sensor are 1.13-26.15 mV with 8.79 mV/gauss and 1.31-8.92 mV with 2.63 mV/gauss, respectively. In addition, through this configuration, the sensor can harness ambient vibrational energy, i.e., possessing piezoelectric/vibrational energy-harvesting functions. Under x-axis vibration (sine-wave, 100 Hz, 3.5 g) and z-axis vibration (sine-wave, 142 Hz, 3.8 g), the root-mean-square voltage output with power output of the sensor is 439 mV with 0.333 mu W and 138 mV with 0.051 mu W, respectively. These results show that the sensor, using this configuration, successfully achieves three-axis magnetic field sensing and three-axis vibration energy-harvesting. Due to these features, the three-axis AC magnetic sensor could be an important design reference in order to develop future three-axis AC magnetic sensors, which possess energy-harvesting functions, for practical industrial applications, such as intelligent vehicle/traffic monitoring, processes monitoring, security systems, and so on.
A Miniature Magnetic-Piezoelectric Thermal Energy Harvester
(2015-07-01)
Chen, Chin-Chung
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Chung, Tien-Kan
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Tseng, Chia-Yuan
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Hung, Chiao-Fang
;
Yeh, Po-Chen
In this paper, we report a miniature thermal energy harvester with a novel magnetic-piezoelectric design. The harvester consists of a soft magnetic Gd cantilever beam, a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate sheet, an NdFeB hard magnet, silicon clamps, and a silicon frame. In this design, the harvester is driven by a temperature difference between a cold side and room temperature ambient air, unlike other magnetic-piezoelectric thermal energy harvesters that are driven by a temperature difference between a cold side and a hot side or between two hot sides. Experimental results show that with a temperature difference of 20 degrees C (cold side: 6.7 degrees C, hot side: 26.7 degrees C), the harvester produces a maximum peak-to-peak voltage of 37 mV and a root mean square voltage of 1.98 mV. The estimated maximum instantaneous power density and average power density is 21.7 nW/cm(3) and 62.9 pW/cm(3), respectively. Moreover, the total volume of our harvester (length x width x height: 6 x 3.5 x 3 mm) is 217 times lower than that of previous experimental harvesters and 38 times smaller than that of previous theoretical-modeled harvesters. Therefore, our harvester is the smallest machined magnetic-piezoelectric thermal energy harvester designed to date. These features enable our harvester to be more easily implemented and integrated with micro wireless sensors and thereby increase more self-powered wireless-sensing applications.
A Miniature Mechanical-Piezoelectric-Configured Three-Axis Vibrational Energy Harvester
(2015-10-01)
Hung, Chiao-Fang
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Chung, Tien-Kan
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Yeh, Po-Chen
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Chen, Chin-Chung
;
Wang, Chieh-Min
In this paper, we demonstrate a novel robust miniature three-axis vibrational energy-harvester using a mechanical-piezoelectric configuration. Using the configuration, the harvester employs Newton\'s law of inertia and the piezoelectric effect to convert either the x-axis or y-axis in-plane and z-axis out-of-plane ambient vibrations into piezoelectric voltage-responses. Under the x-axis vibration (sine-wave, 75 Hz, 3.5 g), our modeled, finite-element analyzed/simulated, and experimental root mean square voltage-response with power-outputs of the harvester (stimulated in resonant with the optimum load) is 525.36 mV with 0.477 mu W, 516.51 mV with 0.461 mu W, and 548 mV with 0.519 mu W, respectively. Under the z-axis vibration (sine-wave, 95 Hz, 3.8 g), the modeled, finite-element analyzed/simulated, and experimental root mean square voltage-response with power-output of the harvester (stimulated in resonant with the optimum load) is 157.35 mV with 0.066 mu W, 170.25 mV with 0.0772 mu W, and 168 mV with 0.075 mu W, respectively. These show that not only both of our modeling and finite-element analysis/simulation can successfully predict the experimental results, but also our harvester is capable of harnessing three-axial ambient vibrations. Moreover, through the piezoelectric lead-zirconate-titanate-connected-in-series approach, the voltage and power outputs are increased. According to these achievements, we believe that our harvester would be an important design reference in industry for future development of microfabrication-based (MEMS-based) three-axial piezoelectric energy harvesters and accelerometers.
A NOVEL SELF-POWERED PIEZOELECTRIC THREE-AXIS MEMS MAGNETIC SENSOR
(2017-01-01)
Yeh, Po-Chen
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Duan, Hao
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Chung, Tien-Kan
;
機械工程學系
;
國際半導體學院
This paper demonstrates a self-powered piezoelectric three-axis MEMS magnetic sensor. The sensor consists of a silicon diaphragm, a PZT thin film with Pt top and bottom electrodes, and two patterned Ni thick films. When three-axial magnetic fields are applied to the sensor, alternating magnetic forces/torques are induced in two Ni films and consequently corresponding deformation/bending are produced in the diaphragm structure. The deformation/bending of the diaphragm generate the strains in the PZT thin film and thus produce corresponding different piezoelectric voltage responses. The testing results show the sensor successfully senses three-axial magnetic fields and has a decent linearity in the range of 5-70 Gauss.
A Novel Three-Axial Magnetic-Piezoelectric MEMS AC Magnetic Field Sensor
(2019-10-01)
Yeh, Po-Chen
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Duan, Hao
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Chung, Tien-Kan
;
機械工程學系
;
國際半導體學院
We report a novel three-axial magnetic-piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) magnetic field sensor. The sensor mainly consists of two sensing elements. Each of the sensing elements consists of a magnetic Ni thick film, a Pt/Ti top electrode, a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film, a Pt/Ti bottom electrode, a SiO2 insulation layer, and a moveable Si MEMS diaphragm. When the sensor is subjected to an AC magnetic field oscillating at 7.5 kHz, a magnetic force interaction between the magnetic field and Ni thick film is produced. Subsequently, the force deforms and deflects the diaphragms as well as the PZT thin film deposited on the diaphragms. The deformation and deflection produce corresponding voltage outputs due to the piezoelectric effect. By analyzing the voltage outputs through our criterion, we can obtain details of the unknown magnetic fields to which the sensor is subjected. This achieves sensing of three-axial magnetic fields. The experimental results show that the sensor is able to sense three-axial magnetic fields ranging from 1 to 20 Oe, with X-axial, Y-axial, and Z-axial sensitivities of 0.156 mV(rms)/Oe, 0.156 mV(rms)/Oe, and 0.035 mV(rms)/Oe, respectively, for sensing element A and 0.033 mV(rms)/Oe, 0.044 mV(rms)/Oe, and 0.130 mV(rms)/Oe, respectively, for sensing element B.
A Three-Axial Frequency-Tunable Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Using a Magnetic-Force Configuration
(2014-09-01)
Chung, Tien-Kan
;
Wang, Chieh-Min
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Yeh, Po-Chen
;
Liu, Tzu-Wei
;
Tseng, Chia-Yuan
To date, researchers have utilized energy harvesters to power wireless sensor nodes as self-powered wireless sensors to create many innovative wireless sensors network applications such as medical monitoring, machining-condition monitoring, and structural-health monitoring. Regarding to energy harvesters, some researchers demonstrated wideband or frequency up-converted vibrational energy harvesters using magnetic force together with piezoelectric materials. However, these harvesters are not able to harness 3-D or three-axial mechanical energy through using one single mechanism or configuration. To address this problem, we report a novel magnetic-force-configured three-axial frequency-tunable piezoelectric energy harvester in this paper. Due to the magnetic-force configuration, the harvester converts ambient three-axial mechanical vibration/motion to piezoelectric voltage-response (i.e., three-axial energy harvesting). Simultaneously, the harvester also converts the ambient vibration/motion at a lower frequency to higher frequency without mechanical wear-out (i.e., noncontact frequency up-conversion). Through modifying the configuration, the oscillating frequency is tunable. By frequency tuning, the harvester\'s oscillating frequency and ambient vibration frequency are able to be matched to maximize the power output. Experimental results show the peak voltage, peak power, and frequency conversion of one single piezoelectric beam of the harvester under an in-plane and out-of-plane vibration is up to 800 mV, 640 nW, and from 7 to 56 Hz, and 27 mV, 729 pW, and from 1 to 294 Hz, respectively. These results confirm the harvester is capable of harnessing energy from 3-D and three-axial mechanical motion/vibration, addressing frequency-mismatching issue, avoiding mechanical wear-out problems, and producing a stable voltage output. Due to these, the energy-harvesting approach will enable more novel and practical wireless sensors network applications in the future.
A W-Band 6.8 mW Low-Noise Amplifier in 90 nm CMOS Technology Using Noise Measure
(2019-01-01)
Yeh, Po-Chen
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Kuo, Chien-Nan
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電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
A W-band low-noise amplifier consisting of seven common-source transistor stages is designed using noise measure as the figure of merit for circuit optimization. Fabricated in 90 nm CMOS technology, the die size is 0.38 mm(2), while the core active area only 0.1 mm(2). The circuit gives peak power gain of 21.5 dB at 90 GHz and noise figure of 8.3 dB, with dc power consumption of only 6.8 mW.
An Attachable Electromagnetic Energy Harvester Driven Wireless Sensing System Demonstrating Milling-Processes and Cutter-Wear/Breakage-Condition Monitoring
(2016-03-01)
Chung, Tien-Kan
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Yeh, Po-Chen
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Lee, Hao
;
Lin, Cheng-Mao
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Tseng, Chia-Yung
An attachable electromagnetic-energy-harvester driven wireless vibration-sensing system for monitoring milling-processes and cutter-wear/breakage-conditions is demonstrated. The system includes an electromagnetic energy harvester, three single-axis Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) accelerometers, a wireless chip module, and corresponding circuits. The harvester consisting of magnets with a coil uses electromagnetic induction to harness mechanical energy produced by the rotating spindle in milling processes and consequently convert the harnessed energy to electrical output. The electrical output is rectified by the rectification circuit to power the accelerometers and wireless chip module. The harvester, circuits, accelerometer, and wireless chip are integrated as an energy-harvester driven wireless vibration-sensing system. Therefore, this completes a self-powered wireless vibration sensing system. For system testing, a numerical-controlled machining tool with various milling processes is used. According to the test results, the system is fully self-powered and able to successfully sense vibration in the milling processes. Furthermore, by analyzing the vibration signals (i.e., through analyzing the electrical outputs of the accelerometers), criteria are successfully established for the system for real-time accurate simulations of the milling-processes and cutter-conditions (such as cutter-wear conditions and cutter-breaking occurrence). Due to these results, our approach can be applied to most milling and other machining machines in factories to realize more smart machining technologies.
An Ultrahigh Sensitive Self-Powered Current Sensor Utilizing a Piezoelectric Connected-In-Series Approach
(2014)
Yeh, Po-Chen
;
Chung, Tien-Kan
;
Lai, Chen-Huang
;
機械工程學系
;
Department of Mechanical Engineering
In this paper, we demonstrate a self-powered AC-current sensor using a piezoelectric connected-in-series approach to increase the sensitivity. The sensor consists of a CuBe-beam, piezoelectric-PZT-sheet, NdFeB hard-magnet, and mechanical-frame. When the sensor is placed in an alternative magnetic-field induced by an alternative current-carrying wire, the magnet fixed on the beam is subjected to an alternative magnetic-force produced by the magnetic-field. Therefore, the beam is oscillated. Consequently, the piezoelectric-sheet fixed on the beam is periodically deformed and continuously produces voltage-response. When beams are connected in-series, the total voltage-response is significantly enlarged while the background-noise remains the same. The experimental result shows the sensitivity of the sensor consisting 8 beams connected in-series under the magnetic-field generated by a wire of 8-Ampere from a breaker is enlarged from 130 mV/A to 640 mV/A.
Electromagnetic/Magnetic-Coupled Targeting System for Screw-Hole Locating in Intramedullary Interlocking-Nail Surgery
(2014-12-01)
Wong, Tze-Hong
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Chung, Tien-Kan
;
Liu, Tzu-Wei
;
Chu, Hou-Jen
;
Hsu, Wensyang
At present, intramedullary interlocking nails are widely used for bone-fracture fixation in orthopedic surgeries. Surgeons often use X-ray imaging to find the actual location of the distal screw-holes of the nail after the nail is inserted into the medullary canal of a bone for fixation. Thus, the patients and medical team are inevitably exposed to radioactivity. In this paper, we report a radiation-free electromagnetic/magnetic-coupled targeting system to locate the distal screw-holes of the nail used in interlocking-nail surgery. The targeting system consists of a c-shaped electromagnet with a pick-up coil, a highly permeable curved silicon-steel strip embedded on the nail, a guiding mechanism, and electronic measuring instruments. An alternative current is applied to the electromagnet to generate a uniform magnetic field/flux in the electromagnet\'s air gap. When the nail inserted into the medullary canal of a bone is scanned through or rotated in the air gap of the electromagnet, the magnetic flux in the air gap is influenced by the silicon-steel strip embedded on the nail. The variation of the magnetic flux induces a voltage response in the pick-up coil due to electromagnetic induction. The pattern of the voltage response is analyzed to establish a criterion for screw-hole targeting. The results obtained using this criterion reveal that the maximum targeting error of the location and orientation targeting for a screw-hole with a diameter of 5 mm is <2 mm and 10 degrees, respectively. Thus, the system/approach is sufficiently simple and accurate to be used by surgeons in clinical surgery.
Optimization analysis of a magnetic-piezoelectric current sensor
(2018-01-01)
Yeh, Po-Chen
;
Chung, Tien-Kan
;
機械工程學系
;
國際半導體學院
;
Department of Mechanical Engineering
In this paper, we reported an optimizing analysis for a magnetic-piezoelectric current sensor. The optimizing approach is conducted by investigating the magnetic force interaction between the sensor and the wire by changing the magnetization direction of the magnet and the relative orientations. Furthermore, we established a magnetic bending-moment based analysis and derive the governing equation to quantitatively correlate the magnetic force interaction to the mechanical bending moments. The analysis results show that the modelled results are highly consistent with the experimental results.
Three-axis MEMS DC magnetic sensor using magnetic force interaction with the piezoelectric effect
(2018-01-01)
Yeh, Po-Chen
;
Duan, Hao
;
Chung, Tien-Kan
;
機械工程學系
;
國際半導體學院
In this paper, we report a novel three-axis MEMS DC magnetic sensor using magnetic force interaction and piezoelectric effect. The sensor includes a back-side-etched silicon diaphragm, a sol-gel PZT thin film with electrodes, and two patterned electroplated Ni thick films. Each patterned Ni film has specific magnetization direction, defined as specific sensing area. As a DC magnetic fields is applied to the sensor, impulse magnetic force and torque are induced to deflect and twist specific Ni films, respectively. Through the mechanical coupling between the Ni films and the PZT film, the deflection and bending are transmitted to the PZT film to produce piezoelectric peak voltages. Experimental results show that, by analysing full duration and half maximum of voltage outputs produced in two sensing areas, the sensor is able to sense three-axial DC magnetic fields.