Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2007-03-26"

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Thickness effects on the electrical characteristics of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 capacitors with nano-Cr interlayer
(2007-03-26)
Ho, Chia-Cheng
;
Chiou, Bi-Shiou
;
Chang, Li-Chun
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Innovative Packaging Research Center
A multilayer Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3/Cr/Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 (BST/Cr/BST) structure was sputtered sequentially onto Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate. With the insertion of a 2 nm Cr interlayer, the temperature coefficient of capacitance of the BST/Cr/BST dielectric is about 69% lower than that of BST monolayer dielectric. The dielectric constant and dissipation factor as the function of Cr thickness are studied. X-ray diffraction patterns, the analysis results of energy dispersive spectroscopy, and the survey scan profiles of Auger electron spectroscopy reveal the formation of a TiO2 secondary phase after the multilayer is annealed at 800 degrees C in O-2 atmosphere. The insertion of nano-Cr interlayer improves the electrical properties of BST capacitors. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.
Memory characteristics of Co nanocrystal memory device with HfO(2) as blocking oxide
(2007-03-26)
Yang, F. M.
;
Chang, T. C.
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Liu, P. T.
;
Yeh, P. H.
;
Yu, Y. C.
In this letter, the Co nanocrystals using SiO(2) and HfO(2) as the tunneling and the control dielectric with memory effect has been fabricated. A significant memory effect was observed through the electrical measurements. Under the low voltage operation of 5 V, the memory window was estimated to similar to 1 V. The retention characteristics were tested to be robust. Also, the endurance of the memory device was not degraded up to 10(6) write/erase cycles. The processing of the structure is compatible with the current manufacturing technology of semiconductor industry. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.
Enhanced photovoltaic response of organic solar cell by singlet-to-triplet exciton conversion
(2007-03-26)
Yang, Chia-Ming
;
Wu, Chi-Hui
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Liao, Hua-Hsin
;
Lai, Kuei-Yuan
;
Cheng, Hong-Ping
Ir complex was doped to conjugated polymers, and the photoinduced absorption of triplet excitons in host materials was examined. A greatly enhanced intersystem crossing rate was observed, despite the decrease in triplet exciton lifetime. The authors find that the steady-state triplet exciton population in host polymer would increase by an order of magnitude. Conjugated polymer/colloidal CdSe nanocrystal hybrid solar cells were fabricated and the effect of Ir-complex doping on photovoltaic response was studied. It was found that due to the enhanced singlet-to-triplet conversion, greatly enhanced photovoltaic response of these hybrid organic solar cells was observed. The results suggest that triplet solar cells may be achieved by doping conventional photovoltaic materials with transition-metal complexes. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.
Optical investigations of InN nanodots capped by GaN at different temperatures
(2007-03-26)
Ku, C. S.
;
Chou, W. C.
;
Lee, M. C.
;
電子物理學系
;
Department of Electrophysics
InN nanodots capped with GaN for temperatures from 600 to 730 degrees C were investigated. While the dot emission intensity at 0.77 eV decreased with increasing capping temperature, two extra visible emission bands appeared around 2.37 eV (green band) and 2.96 eV (violet band). Furthermore, x ray diffraction shows that the 71.7 degrees and 70.2 degrees peaks were tentatively attributed to InGaN alloy with In fractions of 14.8% and 34.2%, respectively. Moreover, the near-field measurements helped reveal the regions of different emissions. The violet-band mapping showed a spatial distribution in contrast to nanodot distribution but the green band showed a uniform distribution that apparently reflects the capping induced InGaN alloy. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.
Memory characteristics of Co nanocrystal memory device with HfO2 as blocking oxide
(2007-03-26)
Yang, F. M.
;
Chang, T. C.
;
Liu, P. T.
;
Yeh, P. H.
;
Yu, Y. C.
In this letter, the Co nanocrystals using SiO2 and HfO2 as the tunneling and the control dielectric with memory effect has been fabricated. A significant memory effect was observed through the electrical measurements. Under the low voltage operation of 5 V, the memory window was estimated to similar to 1 V. The retention characteristics were tested to be robust. Also, the endurance of the memory device was not degraded up to 10(6) write/erase cycles. The processing of the structure is compatible with the current manufacturing technology of semiconductor industry. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.
Method for performing context adaptive binary arithmetic coding with stochastic bit reshuffling for fine granularity scalability
(2007-03-29)
Peng, Wen-Hsiao
;
Chiang, Tihao
;
Hang, Hsueh-Ming
The disclosure relates to a method for performing context based binary arithmetic coding with a stochastic bit-reshuffling scheme in order to improve MPEG-4 fine granularity scalability (FGS) based bit-plane coding. The method comprises steps of: replacing 8×8 DCT with 4×4 integer transform coefficient in MPEG-4 AVC (Advance Video-Coding); partitioning each transform coefficient into significant bit and refinement bit; setting up significant bit context based on energy distribution within a transform block and spatial correlation in adjacent blocks; using an estimated Laplacian distribution to derive coding probability for the refinement bit; and using the context across bit-planes to partition each significant bit-plane for saving side information bit.
Fiber bragg grating sensored segmented deflectometer for ground displacement monitoring
(2007-03-29)
Huang, An-Bin
;
Ho, Yen-Te
The invention provides a monitoring device mainly for sensing ground displacement, including the fiber Bragg grating sensored deflectometer and the signal interrogator/computer system. The device uses a segmented design that consists of a flexible tube (referred to as the flexible segment) and two rigid segments and thus referred to as the FBG segmented deflectometer (FBG-SD). For field installation, multiple FBG-SD units are connected together to form a string as it is inserted into a grouted-in-place inclinometer casing. The distortion of the inclinometer casing induced by ground movement causes relative rotation of the inserted FBG-SD. All of the FBG-SD units are connected to an FBG interrogator/computer system situated on ground surface. The FBG signals are recorded and analyzed by the interrogator/computer system.
Synthesis of upper-rim allyl- and p-methoxyphenylazocalix[4]arenes and their efficiencies in chromogenic sensing of Hg2+ ion
(2007-03-30)
Ho, I-Ting
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Lee, Gene-Hsiang
;
Chung, Wen-Sheng
;
應用化學系
;
Department of Applied Chemistry
A series of upper-rim p-allyl and p-methoxyphenylazocalix[4]arenes (6, 8, 9a, b, and 10a,b) were synthesized and shown to exhibit substantial color changes upon complexation with Hg2+ ion. Both the upper-rim p-allyl- and p-methoxyphenylazo groups on calix[4]arenes are proven to be key components in the recognition of Hg2+ ion. Job's plots revealed 1:1 binding stoichiometry for all these p-allyl- and p-arylazo-coupled calix[4]arenes with Hg2+ ions and Benesi-Hilderbrand plots were used for determination of their association constants. Our results also demonstrated that two p-methoxyphenylazo groups prefer to bind Hg2+ in a distal orientation rather than a proximal one, and if there are three p-methoxyphenylazo groups, the third flanking p-methoxyphenylazo group plays a role in disturbing the binding of the two distal diazo groups. Furthermore, it should be noted that triazocalix[4]arenes (6, 9a, and 9a) responded to all 14 metal ions without showing much preference among the eight transition-metal ions screened in this work (Cr3+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Cd2+, Hg+, Hg2+, and Pb2+).
Parameter identification for leaky aquifers using global optimization methods
(2007-03-30)
Yeh, Hund-Der
;
Lin, Yu-Chung
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Huang, Yen-Chen
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環境工程研究所
;
Institute of Environmental Engineering
In the past, graphical or computer methods were usually employed to determine the aquifer parameters of the observed data obtained from field pumping tests. Since we employed the computer methods to determine the aquifer parameters, an analytical aquifer model was required to estimate the predicted drawdown. Following this, the gradient-type approach was used to solve the nonlinear least-squares equations to obtain the aquifer parameters. This paper proposes a novel approach based on a drawdown model and a global optimization method of simulated annealing (SA) or a genetic algorithm (GA) to determine the best-fit aquifer parameters for leaky aquifer systems. The aquifer parameters obtained from SA and the GA almost agree with those obtained from the extended Kalman filter and gradient-type method. Moreover, all results indicate that the SA and GA are robust and yield consistent results when dealing with the parameter identification problems. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A formally fourth-order accurate compact scheme for 3D Poisson equation in cylindrical coordinates
(2007-04-01)
Lai, Ming-Chih
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Tseng, Jui-Ming
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應用數學系
;
Department of Applied Mathematics
In this paper, we extend our previous work (M.-C. Lai, A simple compact fourth-order Poisson solver on polar geometry, J. Comput. Phys. 182 (2002) 337-345) to 3D cases. More precisely, we present a spectral/finite difference scheme for Poisson equation in cylindrical coordinates. The scheme relies on the truncated Fourier series expansion, where the partial differential equations of Fourier coefficients are solved by a formally fourth-order accurate compact difference discretization. Here the formal fourth-order accuracy means that the scheme is exactly fourth-order accurate while the poles are excluded and is third-order accurate otherwise. Despite the degradation of one order of accuracy due to the presence of poles, the scheme handles the poles naturally; thus, no pole condition is needed. The resulting linear system is then solved by the Bi-CGSTAB method with the preconditioner arising, from the second-order discretization which shows the scalability with the problem size. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All tights reserved.
The application of control chart for defects and defect clustering in IC manufacturing based on fuzzy theory
(2007-04-01)
Hsieh, Kun-Lin
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Tong, Lee-Ing
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Wang, Min-Chia
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工業工程與管理學系
;
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management
c-Chart was frequently used to monitor wafer defects during IC manufacturing. The clustering degree of defect on a wafer will increase along with the area of wafer gradually enlarging. The defect clustering causes the Poisson-based c-chart to exhibit many false alarms. Although several revised control charts have been developed to reduce the number of false alarms, those control charts still have some disadvantages in practical use. This study proposes a control chart that applies fuzzy theory and engineering experience to monitor wafer defects with the consideration of defect clustering. The proposed control chart is simpler and more rational than those revised c-charts. Finally, a case study of an IC company, owing to the HsinChu Scientific part at Taiwan, is used to demonstrate and verify the rationality and effectiveness. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Characterization of RF lateral-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with different layout structures
(2007-04-01)
Hu, Hsin-Hui
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Chen, Kun-Ming
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Huang, Guo-Wei
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Chang, Chun-Yen
;
Lu, Yii-Chian
The DC and RF characteristics of lateral-diffused metal-oxide-semi conductor (LDMOS) transistors with different layout structures were studied. The devices were fabricated using a 0.5 mu m LDMOS process. The ring and fishbone structures, which are used widely in power devices, were designed and analyzed. We found that the. transconductance, on-resistance, cutoff frequency and maximum oscillation frequency were improved using the ring structure, due to a larger equivalent W/L and lower drain parasitic resistance. In addition, the self-heating effect of LDMOS transistors was also investigated by measuring the pulsed current-voltage (I-V) and pulsed RF characteristics. From the measured results, the ring structure appeared to be a better layout design for RF LDMOS transistors.
形成電子裝置閘極圖案之方法
(2007-04-01)
陳仕鴻
;
郭建億
;
張翼
一種形成電子裝置閘極圖案之方法,包括以下步驟:提供一基板,其上形成一第一光阻層;進行一第一道微影製程,以形成一具有一第一寬度之一第一圖案於該基板上;形成一第二光阻層,其覆蓋該基板上之該第一圖案以及該第一光阻層;以及進行一第二道微影製程,其與該第一道微影製程之間具有一位移,以形成一具有一第二寬度之一第二圖案於該基板上;其中,該第二寬度係小於該第一寬度。
用於製程中基板配對之方法
(2007-04-01)
巫木誠
;
張東華
;
王君豪
本發明揭露一種用於製程中基板配對之方法,基板配對(plate mapping)是將複數個第一卡匣(cassette)中之複數個第一基板(plate)與複數個第二卡匣中之複數個第二基板係進行配對,此方法可應用於組立製程(cell process)中,使第一基板與第二基板的配對集中於最少數量之第一卡匣與第二卡匣。此方法至少包含步驟如后,首先,藉由如製造執行系統(Manufacturing Execution System)的輔助工具,得到所有第一卡匣中之基板對應所有第二卡匣中之基板之良率,以建立一配對良率(mapping yield)表。接續,根據配對良率表,透過第一演算法(algorithm)係產生基板對應關係表,並據以產生初始卡匣對應關係表。又,提供第二演算法,根據基板對應關係表再配合配對良率表以檢驗基板對應關係表,並產生置換規則,且依據置換規則產生置換後之卡匣對應關係表。更,提供第三演算法,依據初始卡匣對應關係表及置換後卡匣對應關係表係計算卡匣對應値。最後,根據卡匣對應値,從所有置換規則中選取所需並產生集中化基板對應關係表及相應之集中化卡匣對應關係表。另外,提供一如排序機(sorter)之機台依據集中化基板對應關係表進行一抽換程序,將基板重新排序。
ISI-free block transceivers for unknown frequency selective channels
(2007-04-01)
Liu, Chih-Hao
;
Phoong, See-May
;
Lin, Yuan-Pei
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電控工程研究所
;
Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering
The orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transceiver has enjoyed great success in many wideband communication systems. It has low complexity and robustness against channel-induced intersymbol interference (ISI). When the channel order does not exceed the length of cyclic prefix, any frequency-selective channel is converted to a set of frequency-nonselective subchannels. This channel-independent ISI-free property is useful for many applications. In this correspondence, we study general block transceiver with such a property. We will show that the solutions of channel-independent ISI-free block transceivers are given in a closed form. It is found that except for some special cases, the solutions are identical to the Lagrange-Vandermonde and Vandermonde-Lagrange transceivers.
Novel photo-dynamic caner therapy strategy development by nanodiamond-protein complex.
(2007-04-01)
Chen, Pei-Hsin
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Chiang, Ke-Yu
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Chang, Yu-Ching
;
Su, Chien-Ying
;
Chen, Kyh-Shin
Design of an FFT/IFFT processor for MIMO OFDM systems
(2007-04-01)
Lin, Yu-Wei
;
Lee, Chen-Yi
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電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics
In this paper, we present a novel 128/64 point fast Fourier transform (FFT)/ inverse FFT (IFFT) processor for the applications in a multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing based IEEE 802.11n wireless local area network baseband processor. The unfolding mixed-radix multipath delay feedback FFT architecture is proposed to efficiently deal with multiple data sequences. The proposed processor not only supports the operation of FFT/IFFT in 128 points and 64 points but can also provide different throughput rates for 1-4 simultaneous data sequences to meet IEEE 802.11n requirements. Furthermore, less hardware complexity is needed in our design compared with traditional four-parallel approach. The proposed FFT/IFFT processor is designed in a 0.13-mu m single-poly and eight-metal CMOS process. The core area is 660 x 2142 mu m(2), including an FFT/IFFT processor and a test module. At the operation clock rate of 40 MHz, our proposed processor can calculate 128-point FFT with four independent data sequences within 3.2 mu s meeting IEEE 802.11n standard requirements.
A Markovian engine for a biological energy transducer: The catalytic wheel
(2007-04-01)
Tsong, Tian Yow
;
Chang, Cheng-Hung
;
物理研究所
;
Institute of Physics
The molecular machines in biological cells are made of proteins, DNAs and other classes of molecules. The structures of these molecules are characteristically "soft", highly flexible, and yet their interactions with other molecules or ions are specific and selective. This chapter discusses a prevalent form, the catalytic wheel, or the energy transducer of cells, examines its mechanism of action, and extracts from it a set of simple but general rules for understanding the energetics of the biomolecular devices. These rules should also benefit design of manmade nanometer scale machines such as rotary motors or track-guided linear transporters. We will focus on an electric work that, by matching system dynamics and then enhancing the conformational fluctuation of one or several driver proteins, converts stochastic input of energy into rotation or locomotion of a receptor protein. The spatial (or barrier) and temporal symmetry breakings required for selected driver/receptor combinations are examined. This electric ratchet consists of a core engine that follows the Markovian dynamic, alleviates difficulties encountered in rigid mechanical model, and tailors to the soft-matter characteristics of the biomolecules. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
消費者與組織採用不同學習策略之互動研究
(2007-04-01)
呂德財
;
陳重臣
;
廖國勛
;
Te-Tsai Lu
;
Jong-Chen Chen
近年來，企業面對全球化的市場競爭壓力與消費者的自主性與選擇機會增加的結果，促使企業必須因應外在環境的變化與消費者個人偏好進行學習與調適的活動，因此，企業如何針對消費者的需求進行組織學習乃是重要的研究課題之一。Stata(1989)指出組織學習的速率會明顯的影響其競爭優勢，而March(1991)更是建議組織必須採用不同寬狹目標的學習策略，以面對不同的競爭環境。本研究以不連續事件的模擬方法，建立一個組織與消費者之間動態的人工世界，目的是希望探討採用不同學習策略的組織，在面對不同特質的消費者時，其彼此之間的互動情形。本研究所採用的實驗設計是起源於Narver and Slater(1990)所主張的市場導向理論(Market Orientation Theory)，即組織必須向競爭者學習，並設計兩項實驗：第一是探討組織採用「快速」、「中速」、「緩慢」三種不同向競爭者學習的「學習速度」策略對其競爭力的影響；第二是探討組織採用「單一」、「略多」、「多」三種不同「學習對象」策略對其競爭力的影響。實驗結果顯示，組織採用學習策略可以提高其競爭力，但在學習的初期，組織採用「緩慢」學習策略，可以避免產生一窩蜂學習所產生的反效果。其次，在環境變動不大的環境中，組織採用「單一」學習目標，可以得到不錯的學習效果，然而，當環境變動相對較大時，組織應採用相對「較多」的學習目標較為適當。
The r-neighborhood graph: An adjustable structure for topology control in wireless ad hoc networks
(2007-04-01)
Jeng, Andy An-Kai
;
Jan, Rong-Hong
;
資訊工程學系
;
Department of Computer Science
In wireless ad hoc networks, constructing and maintaining a topology with lower node degrees is usually intended to mitigate excessive traffic load on wireless nodes. However, keeping lower node degrees often prevents nodes from choosing better routes that consume less energy. Therefore, the trade-off is between the node degree and the energy efficiency. In this paper, an adjustable structure, named the r-neighborhood graph, is proposed to control the topology. This structure has the flexibility to be adjusted between the two objectives through a parameter r, 0 <= r <= 1. More explicitly, for any set of n nodes, the maximum node degree and power stretch factor can be bounded from above by some decreasing and increasing functions of r, respectively. Specifically, the bounds can be constants in some ranges of r. Even more, the r-neighborhood graph is a general structure of both RNG and GG, two well-known structures in topology control. Compared with YGk, another famous adjustable structure, our method always results in a connected planar with symmetric edges. To construct this structure, we investigate a localized algorithm, named PLA, which consumes less transmitting power during construction and executes efficiently in O(n log n) time.