Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2009-10-01"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 49805

Entry mode choice in China's regional distribution markets: Institution vs. transaction costs perspectives
(2009-10-01)
Chen, Yung-Ray
;
Yang, Chyan
;
Hsu, Sue-Ming
;
Wang, Yau-De
;
管理科學系
In this paper, we investigate the entry mode choice of a leading Taiwanese food company in setting up regional distributors in China's 3 12 sales districts. Our study shows that, in entry mode decisions, the institutional factors are more important than transaction cost considerations. Both formal and informal institutions are considered. Formal institutions refer to government prescribed institutions (laws and regulations), while informal institutions refer to rules prescribed by the industry and the society. Both institutions are shown to affect the entry mode choices but one important type of institution, professional norms, is conspicuously missing in China. Professional norms exert peer pressures on the practitioners in the same profession, forcing their behaviors to conform to a common pattern. In the absence of professional norms, the roles of network ties and mimetic behaviors are heightened and they become a proxy for professional norms. As a foreign enterprise operating in China's local markets, the Taiwanese food company attained legitimacy by forming alliances with local wholesalers and by following its predecessors in selecting organization forms. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
建置以“航段”為基之空服員整合型排班決策支援系統
(2009-10-01)
馬文娜
;
藍柏鼎
;
宮大川
;
Wen-Na Ma
;
Po-Ting Lan
過去受限於電腦速度慢與空服員排班問題複雜性，傳統上分成組員勤務組合產生與組員指派兩階段求解空服員排班問題，導致人員指派效果不佳，且因短程航線問題特性造成排班單位過大，指派不易，因此本研究考量台灣航空業實務運作之限制，將組員勤務組合產生與組員指派兩階段整合爲一階段求解，建立一個以「航段」爲排班基礎之最佳空服員排班整合模式，以提升排班接續性和人員利用率。本研究利用基因演算法求解空服員排班規劃與指派問題，並與分枝界限法所得之最佳解比較，結果顯示本研究所提出之排班整合模式與求解演算法，可有效地處理空服員排班問題。最後本研究以Java 程式語言爲基礎，設計一套整合型排班決策支援系統，可規劃符合經濟效益的空服員排班表，並有效地解決空服員調度與空載和過夜問題。
An optimization algorithm for cutting stock problems in the TFT-LCD industry
(2009-10-01)
Tsai, Jung-Fa
;
Hsieh, Ping-Lun
;
Huang, Yao-Huei
;
資訊管理與財務金融系註：原資管所+財金所
;
Department of Information Management and Finance
Due to lack of efficient approaches of mixed production, the present production approach of the TFT-LCD industry is batch production that each glass substrate is cut into LCD plates of one size only. This study proposes an optimization algorithm for cutting stock problems of the TFT-LCD industry. The proposed algorithm minimizes the number of glass substrates required to satisfy the orders, therefore reducing the production costs. Additionally, the solution of the proposed algorithm is a global optimum which is different from a local optimum or a feasible solution that is found by the heuristic algorithm. Numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed algorithm. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Phenomenological analysis of domain width in rhombohedral BiFeO(3) films
(2009-10-01)
Huang, C. W.
;
Chen, Lang
;
Wang, J.
;
He, Q.
;
Yang, S. Y.
The experimental domain size scaling law in epitaxial BiFeO(3) films shows a different behavior from predictions of the conventional elastic domains: the (101)-type 71 degrees domains are much wider than that of (100)-type 109 degrees despite the larger domain-wall energy in (100) boundary. A phenomenological analysis for rhombohedral BiFeO(3) film is proposed, and it reveals that both the depolarizing energy and the elastic energy are indispensable for the equilibrium domain structures. With the increase in the asymmetrical electrostatic boundary on the film surfaces, the dominant domain scaling mechanism changes from electrostatic-dependent domain structure to elastic-dependent one, which is consistent with the experimental data. The present results highlight the general role of depolarizing field in rhombohedral domain structures.
Joint Source/Relay Precoder Design in Nonregenerative Cooperative Systems Using an MMSE Criterion
(2009-10-01)
Tseng, Fan-Shuo
;
Wu, Wen-Rong
;
Wu, Jwo-Yuh
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
友訊交大聯合研發中心
This paper considers transmitter precoding in an amplify-and-forward cooperative system where multiple antennas are equipped at the source, the relay, and the destination. Existing methods for the problem only consider the design of the relay precoder. To further improve the performance, we include the source precoder into the design. Using a minimum-means-quare-error (MMSE) criterion, we propose a joint source/relay precoder design method, taking both the direct and relay links into account. It is shown that the MMSE is a highly nonlinear function of the precoding matrices, and a direct minimization is not feasible. To facilitate analysis, we propose to design the precoders toward first diagonalizing the MSE matrix of the relay link. This imposes certain structural constraints on both precoders that allow us to derive an analytically tractable MSE upper bound. By conducting minimization with respect to this bound, the solution can be obtained by an iterative water-filling technique.
Direct Observation of Single Molecule Conformational Change of Tight-Turn Paperclip DNA Triplex in Solution
(2009-10-01)
Liu, Ching-Ping
;
Wey, Ming-Tsai
;
Chang, Chia-Ching
;
Kan, Lou-Sing
;
生物科技學系
DNA triplex modulates gene expression by forming stable conformation in physiological condition. However, it is not feasible to observe this unique molecular structure of large molecule with 54 oligodeoxynucleotides directly by conventional nuclear magnetic approach. In this study, we observed directly single molecular images of paperclip DNA triplexes formation in a buffer solution of pH 6.0 by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Meanwhile, a diffuse "tail" of unwound DNA was observed in pH 8.0 solution. This designable approach in visualizing the overall structures and shapes of oligo-DNAs at the single molecular level, by AFM, is applicable to other biopolymers as well.
Circuit and Coil Design for In-Vitro Magnetic Neural Stimulation Systems
(2009-10-01)
Basham, Eric
;
Yang, Zhi
;
Liu, Wentai
;
交大名義發表
;
National Chiao Tung University
Magnetic stimulation of neural tissue is an attractive technology because neural excitation may be affected without requiring implantation of electrodes. Pulsed discharge circuits are typically implemented for clinical magnetic stimulation systems. However, pulsed discharge systems can confound in-vitro experimentation. As an alternative to pulsed discharge circuits, we present a circuit to deliver asymmetric current pulses for generation of the magnetic field. We scaled the system down by using ferrite cores for the excitation coil. The scaled system allows observation using electrophysiological techniques and preparations not commonly used for investigation of magnetic stimulation. The design was refined using a comprehensive set of design equations. Circuit modeling and simulation demonstrate that the proposed system is effective for stimulating neural tissue with electric-field gradients generated by time-varying magnetic fields. System performance is verified through electrical test.
Cluster evolution of IC industry from Taiwan to China
(2009-10-01)
Tsai, Bi-Huei
;
Li, Yiming
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
;
管理學院
;
科技管理研究所
In this work, we for the first time study the inter-industrial clustering behaviors of integrated circuit (IC) industry from Taiwan to China via amount of foreign direct investment (FDI). According to the mutual dependence among IC design, manufacturing and packaging-and-testing industries, Lotka-Volterra model is solved to explore the cluster evolutions. Effects of inter-level collaborations along production value chain on FDI flows into China are considered. Evolution of FDI into China for IC design industry significantly inspires the subsequent FDI of IC manufacturing, packaging and testing industries. Since the production of IC manufacturing, packing and testing enterprises depends on the preceded products that design industry has devised, the middle-stream manufacturing and downstream packaging-and-testing firms tend to converge toward upstream design houses. Taiwan IC industry's FDI amount into China is estimated to be cumulatively increasing, which suggests the clustering tendency of Taiwan IC industry. Prediction of FDI with Lotka-Volterra model is superior to that of the conventional growth model (i.e.. Bass model) because the industrial mutualism among various stages is included. The flows of FDI have not yet reached equilibrium points, so the FDI inflows into China will expand for IC design or packaging-and-testing industry, while decline for manufacturing industry. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Video-thoracoscopic enucleation of esophageal leiomyoma
(2009-10-01)
Luh, S. P.
;
Fang, S. M.
;
Lo, C. C.
;
Chen, M. J.
;
Chung, M. D.
分碼多工系統之碼通道方法
(2009-10-01)
王蒞君
;
張志文
由於頻率選擇性衰減之通道環境中，兩個使用具有父子關係之正交時域展頻碼的碼通道，即使其頻域展頻碼為正交，亦可能因為頻率選擇性衰減而失去正交性以至於在接收端產生多重接取干擾，而本發明即在提出一種用以預測系統之多重接取干擾量之評量標準，稱為多重接取干擾係數，並根據多重接取干擾係數之觀念提出一種分碼多工系統之碼通道方法，選擇具有最小多重干擾係數之碼通道分配給一使用者，使系統之干擾量降低並維持低阻塞率。
Improved Performance of AlGaInP LEDs by a Periodic GaP-Dish Mirror Array
(2009-10-01)
Huang, Ping-Wei
;
Wu, Yew Chung Sermon
;
材料科學與工程學系
;
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
A periodic GaP-dish mirror structure was introduced into AlGaInP light-emitting diodes (LEDs) through wet etching and Si wafer bonding process. It was found that the performance of these GaP-dish LEDs was better than that of conventional LED transferred to Si substrate (LED-C). In addition, the output power of GaP-dish LEDs was increased with the decrease of GaP-dish diameter. When the GaP-dish diameter decreased to 3 mu m, the output power reached 2.2 mW, which was two times higher than that of LED-C.
技術服務提供對顧客關係影響之研究－以染料、染整行業為例
(2009-10-01)
陳家祥
;
鄒鴻泰
;
賴寶昆
;
Ja-Shen Chen
;
Hung-Tai Tsou
隨著服務導向市場的來臨，企業訴求已由強調產品差異化逐漸轉變至服務差異化。同時由於市場高度競爭與資訊科技快速進步，加強顧客關係，提供顧客完善的技術服務，已成爲許多企業經營差異化之主要策略，亦是其關鍵成功因素之一。本研究針對紡織染料、染整產業現況、從營運規模、特色、廠商動態與所面臨問題及競爭壓力等來探討上游染料業者所提供技術服務功能，對染整業者之發展與其效益影響。經由理論發展，文獻收集及染料、染整業者訪談，歸納整理完成「個案分析」與「研究發現」並提出命題，說明染料業者在染整市場之優勢利基條件，以及在染整產業中如何有效提供技術服務來維護良好顧客關係。
A Novel Pattern Diversity Reflector Antenna Using Reconfigurable Frequency Selective Reflectors
(2009-10-01)
Tarn, I-Young
;
Chung, Shyh-Jong
;
電信工程研究所
;
Institute of Communications Engineering
A radiation pattern diversity reflector antenna is investigated. Novel switchable frequency selective reflectors are designed and developed to construct a square corner reflector antenna. By controlling a switching device on the frequency selective reflector, one can make it opaque or transparent to a vertically polarized incident wave. This antenna is fed by a monopole. By configuring the switch states of the frequency selective reflectors, various beam shapes can be formed and steered. Measured results of the antenna show good agreement with the calculated ones.
Numerical calculation of the reflectance of sub-wavelength structures on silicon nitride for solar cell application
(2009-10-01)
Sahoo, Kartika Chandra
;
Li, Yiming
;
Chang, Edward Yi
;
材料科學與工程學系
;
電子工程學系及電子研究所
In this study, we calculate the spectral reflectivity of pyramid-shaped silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4)) sub-wavelength structures (SWS). A multilayer rigorous coupled-wave approach is advanced to investigate the reflection properties of Si(3)N(4) SWS. We examine the simulation results for single layer antireflection (SLAR) and double layer antireflection (DLAR) coatings with SWS on Si(3)N(4) surface, taking into account effective reflectivity over a range of wavelengths and solar efficiency. The results Of Our study show that a lowest effective reflectivity of 1.77% can be obtained for the examined Si(3)N(4) SWS with the height of etched part of Si(3)N(4) and the thickness of non-etched layer of 150 and 70 rim, respectively, which is less than the results of an optimized 80 nm Si(3)N(4) SLAR (similar to 5.41%) and of an optimized DLAR with 80 nm Si(3)N(4) and 100 nm magnesium fluoride (similar to 5.39%). 1% cell efficiency increase is observed for the optimized Si solar cell with Si(3)N(4) SWS, compared with the cell with single layer Si(3)N(4) antireflection coatings (ARCs); furthermore, compared with DLAR coated solar cell, the increase is about 0.71%. The improvement on the cell efficiency is mainly due to lower reflectance Of Si(3)N(4) SWS over a wavelength region from 400 to 600 nm that leads to lower short circuit current. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Enhancing Eight Grade Students' Scientific Conceptual Change and Scientific Reasoning through a Web-based Learning Program
(2009-10-01)
Liao, Ya-Wen
;
She, Hsiao-Ching
;
教育研究所
;
Institute of Education
This study reports the impacts of the Scientific Concept Construction and Reconstruction (SCCR) digital learning system on eighth grade students' concept construction, conceptual change, and scientific reasoning involving the topic of "atoms". A two-factorial experimental design was carried out to investigate the effects of the approach of instruction and students' level of scientific reasoning on their pre-, post-, and retention-Atomic Achievement Test, Atomic Dependent Reasoning Test, and Scientific Reasoning Test. The control group (N=100) received conventional instruction whereas the experimental group (N=111) received an SCCR Web-based course. Results indicate that the experimental group significantly outperformed the conventional group on post- and retention-Atomic Achievement Test and Atomic Dependent Reasoning Test scores, and retention-Scientific Reasoning Test scores. Moreover, students with a higher level of scientific reasoning significantly performed better than students with a lower level of scientific reasoning, regardless of their scores on post- and retention-Atomic Achievement Test and Atomic Dependent Reasoning Test. This study successfully demonstrates that the experimental group students outperformed the conventional group students in the domains of concept construction, conceptual change and scientific reasoning. Moreover, students with a higher level of scientific reasoning were more able to successfully change their alternative conceptions.
網路群體決策支援系統對創造力訓練效果之影響
(2009-10-01)
王精文
;
林栢章
;
李筱萍
;
Ching-Wen Wang
;
Po-Chang Lin
企業必須發展成員的創造力以提升組織競爭力與反應產業環境變化。本研究採縱貫性研究方式，以一2×2實驗設計，共針對182位大學生探討創造力訓練及網路群體決策支援系統，對個人或團隊創造思考能力及問題解決能力的影響，並長期觀察受試者在團隊實驗任務中的執行情況。研究結果發現接受創造力訓練能顯著正向提升創造思考能力及問題解決能力，而提供群體決策支援系統使用，則能明顯增加創意構想產生的數量。另外，對於有接受創造力訓練的受試者，必須繼續提供群體決策支援系統使用，才能延續及發展創造力訓練後所提升的能力，以及產生較佳的團隊任務表現。因此，建議組織在提升成員創造思考能力及團隊問題解決能力時，應先透過創造力訓練教導相關創造思考技巧與流程，然後再長期輔以群體決策支援系統使用，交叉運用此二工具，才能有效協助組織成員提升創造力與創意績效。
Total-factor energy productivity growth of regions in Japan
(2009-10-01)
Honma, Satoshi
;
Hu, Jin-Li
;
交大名義發表
;
National Chiao Tung University
This article computes the energy productivity changes of regions in Japan using total-factor frameworks based on data envelopment analysis (DEA). Since the traditional DEA-Malmquist index cannot analyze changes in single-factor productivity changes under the total-factor framework, we apply a new index proposed by Hu and Chang [2009. Total-factor energy productivity growth of regions in China. Energy Policy, submitted for publication]: a total-factor energy productivity change index (TFEPI) that integrates the concept of the total-factor energy efficiency index into the Malmquist productivity index (MPI). Moreover, we separate TFEPI into change in relative energy efficiency, or the 'catching up effect,' and shift in the technology of energy use, or the 'innovation effect.' The data from 47 prefectures during the period of 1993-2003 are used to compute the TFEPI and its components for 4 kinds of energy. The TFEPI of electric power for commercial and industrial use changes -0.6% annually, which can be separated into a total-factor energy efficiency change of 0.2% and a technical change of -0.8%. The TFEPI for coal deteriorates by 1.0%/year, which is mostly caused by a decrease in relative energy efficiency change. We define and identify 'innovators' who cause the frontier to shift. Most regions identified as frontier shifters are located outside of Japan's four major industrial areas. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Tetrazoles and para-Substituted Phenylazo-Coupled Calix[4]arenes as Highly Sensitive Chromogenic Sensors for Ca(2+)
(2009-10-01)
Chen, Yu-Jen
;
Chung, Wen-Sheng
;
應用化學系
;
Department of Applied Chemistry
Calix[4]arenes 3a (R = OMe) and 3b (R = NO(2)) with 5,17bis[4-(4-substituted-phenyl)azo] and 25,27-bisoxymethyltetrazole groups were synthesized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of oxyacetonitrile azocalix[4]arenes 2a and 2b activated with trimethylsilyl azide. UV/Vis screening of 3a and 3b with 14 metal ions showed that 3a (with p-methoxyphenylazo substituent) was a highly chromogenic sensor to Ca(2+), whereas 3b (with p-nitrophenylazo substituent) showed color changes toward Ca(2+), Ba(2+), and Ph(2+). Job plot experiments revealed 1:1 binding stoichiometry for each of the complexes. The association constants for 3a center dot Ca(2+), 3b center dot Ca(2+), 3b center dot Ba(2+), and 3b center dot Pb(2+) were determined by Benesi-Hildebrand plots. On the basis of (1)H NMR titration results, Ca(2+) was bound to the two partially deprotonated hydroxy azophenol groups and one of the two tetrazole groups of 3a and 3b. ((C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Tetrazoles and para-Substituted Phenylazo-Coupled Calix[4]arenes as Highly Sensitive Chromogenic Sensors for Ca2+
(2009-10-01)
Chen, Yu-Jen
;
Chung, Wen-Sheng
;
應用化學系
;
Department of Applied Chemistry
Calix[4]arenes 3a (R = OMe) and 3b (R = NO2) with 5,17bis[4-(4-substituted-phenyl)azo] and 25,27-bisoxymethyltetrazole groups were synthesized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of oxyacetonitrile azocalix[4]arenes 2a and 2b activated with trimethylsilyl azide. UV/Vis screening of 3a and 3b with 14 metal ions showed that 3a (with p-methoxyphenylazo substituent) was a highly chromogenic sensor to Ca2+, whereas 3b (with p-nitrophenylazo substituent) showed color changes toward Ca2+, Ba2+, and Ph2+. Job plot experiments revealed 1:1 binding stoichiometry for each of the complexes. The association constants for 3a center dot Ca2+, 3b center dot Ca2+, 3b center dot Ba2+, and 3b center dot Pb2+ were determined by Benesi-Hildebrand plots. On the basis of H-1 NMR titration results, Ca2+ was bound to the two partially deprotonated hydroxy azophenol groups and one of the two tetrazole groups of 3a and 3b. ((C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Two-Field Scheme: Spatiotemporal Modulation for Field Sequential Color LCDs
(2009-10-01)
Cheng, Yu-Kuo
;
Huang, Yi-Pai
;
Cheng, Yi-Ru
;
Shieh, Han-Ping D.
;
光電工程學系
A novel displaying method, two-field driving scheme, was proposed for field sequential color LCDs without color filter. A spatially modulated color backlight provided multi-primary low-resolution optical stimuli, which were then compensated by an LC panel to display detailed colorful images. That is, the manipulation on three (or more) spatial and two temporal degrees of freedom was sufficient to convey full color information. The simulation results showed that the proposed method achieved acceptable color reproduction accuracy, average CIEDE2000 color difference (Delta E(00)) < 3. The least number of fields particularly alleviated the demand for fast-response LC modes in sequential-type LCDs. Furthermore, color break-up suppression was observed due to less chrominance difference between the two fields.