Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2013-04-01"

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Characteristics of interfacial signatures on a wind-driven gravity-capillary wave
(2013-04-01)
Tsai, Wu-ting
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Chen, Shi-ming
;
Lu, Guan-hung
;
Garbe, Christoph S.
;
土木工程學系
Direct numerical simulation of a wind-driven gravity-capillary wave and the underlying turbulent flow is conducted to identify the characteristic signatures of various surface parameters, including temperature, gas flux, velocities, and roughness, and to reveal the impacts of the nonbreaking surface waves on these surface flow and tracer parameters. Three characteristic surface signatures and the corresponding flow processes are identified: the carrier gravity wave, the parasitic capillary wavelets, and the elongated streaks. The elongated streaks are induced by both the coherent streamwise vortices formed within the turbulent shear layer and the Langmuir circulations arising from nonlinear interaction between the carrier gravity wave and the drift current. All three surface signatures can be observed in the distributions of various quantities, although some are more apparent than the others. Image-processing techniques, employing empirical mode decomposition and phase averaging, are developed to decompose the distinct signatures thus to quantify the contributions by the responsible flow processes. It is found that elongated streaks prevail the distribution of surface temperature and gas flux, indicating that Langmuir cells and the coherent eddies contribute to the major interfacial heat and gas transport. These eddies also induced strong cross-stream velocity divergence at the water surface, which exhibits resemblant elongated distribution as that of gas flux (correlation coefficient approximate to 0.6). High correlation between the surface distributions of temperature and gas flux is observed (correlation coefficient approximate to 0.8 to 0.9), suggesting that the spatial and temporal distribution of surface temperature is a good proxy tracer of interfacial gas transfer.
Germanium N and P Multifin Field-Effect Transistors With High-Performance Germanium (Ge) p(+)/n and n(+)/p Heterojunctions Formed on Si Substrate
(2013-04-01)
Chen, Che-Wei
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Chung, Cheng-Ting
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Tzeng, Ju-Yuan
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Li, Pin-Hui
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Chang, Pang-Sheng
We demonstrate the characteristics of p(+)-Ge/n-Si and n(+)-Ge/p-Si heterojunction diodes formed by heteroepitaxial Ge grown on Si leading to high performance and very low leakage current. The ON/OFF current ratio of the p(+)-Ge/n-Si and n(+)-Ge/p-Si heterojunction was >10(7) and >10(6), respectively. The OFF current density was extremely low at <10 mu A/cm(2) for the p(+)-Ge/n-Si formed with different implantation energies of 10 similar to 40 KeV and similar to 20 mu A/cm(2) for the n(+)-Ge/p-Si with different implantation energies of 20 similar to 50 KeV at a reverse bias of vertical bar V-R vertical bar = +/- 1 V, respectively. Both p and n-Ge channel multifin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) were formed by a mesa structure using these p(+)-Ge/n-Si and n(+)-Ge/p-Si heterojunctions. A high-kappa/metal gate stack was employed. The body-tied Ge multifin FinFET with a fin width (W-Fin) of similar to 40 nm, and the channel length (L-Channel) was 150 nm for p-FinFET and of 110 nm for n-FinFET, exhibiting a driving current of 174 mu A/mu m at V-G = -2 V and 102 mu A/mu m at V-G = 2 V, respectively. This is the first experimental demonstration of a body-tied high mobility Ge channel multifin FinFET using a top-down approach.
Pragmatical Adaptive Synchronization by Variable Strength Linear Coupling
(2013-04-01)
Yang, Cheng-Hsiung
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Tsen, Pu-Chien
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Li, Shih-Yu
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Ge, Zheng-Ming
;
機械工程學系
Pragmatical adaptive synchronization only by variable strength linear coupling without using another active control terms which is usually rather complex is studied. Pragmatical synchronization is based on pragmatical theorem of asymptotical stability in which the probability concept is introduced in concept of stability. By pragmatical adaptive synchronization, not only the synchronization of chaotic systems but also the parameter pursuance is accomplished. Furthermore, Lyapunov function derivative in series form is first used in this paper, which is easier to be obtained than the traditional negative sum of the square of error variables. Lorenz system, Duffing system and Flossier system are illustrated examples.
日本產學合作之理論研究及政策實踐歷程
(2013-04-01)
溫肇東
;
樊學良
;
Chao-Tung Wen
;
Hsueh-Liang Fan
;
Institute of Business and Management
產學合作是大學貢獻社會的主要途徑，學校之科技與研發成果是驅動產業創新和國家經濟發展的關鍵因素。大學也能夠經由與企業互動的過程中，從事合作研發、知識分享和知識創造的活動，以累積更多具有經濟價值的研究成果。除了歐美主要國家以外，日本透過國家創新系統之建置以強化產官學間聯繫的歷程，也受到各國科技政策部門與管理學者所重視。本研究運用內容分析法與實地研究的方式，經蒐集相關資料後，從學校的角度勾勒日本產學合作之理論研究與政策實踐歷程的特徵，並討論其理論及實務意涵，供臺灣產學合作學術研究和政策擬定之參考。
Effects of Long-Term Dharma-Chan Meditation on Cardiorespiratory Synchronization and Heart Rate Variability Behavior
(2013-04-01)
Chang, Chih-Hao
;
Lo, Pei-Chen
;
電機工程學系
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Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Remarkable changes in cardiorespiratory interactions are frequently experienced by Chan meditation practitioners following years of practice. This study compares the results of our study on cardiorespiratory interactions for novice (control group) and experienced (experimental group) Chan meditation practitioners. The effectual coaction between the cardiac and respiratory systems was evaluated by the degree of cardiorespiratory phase synchronization (CRPS). In addition, an adaptive-frequency-range (AFR) scheme to reliably quantify heart rate variability (HRV) was developed for assessing the regulation of sympathetic-parasympathetic activity and the efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange. The enhanced HRV method, named HRVAFR, can resolve the issue of overestimating HRV under the condition of slow respiration rates, which is frequently encountered in studies on Chan meditation practitioners. In the comparison of the three data sets collected from the two groups, our findings resulted in innovative hypotheses to interpret the extraordinary process of the rejuvenation of cardiorespiratory functions through long-term Dharma-Chan meditation practice. Particularly, advanced practitioners exhibit a continuously high degree of cardiorespiratory phase synchronization, even during rapid breathing. Based on our post-experimental interview with advanced practitioners, the activation of inner Chakra energy, during the course of Chan-detachment practice, frequently induces perceptible physiological-mental reformation, including an efficient mechanism for regulating cardiorespiratory interactions.
CdxHg(1x)Te Alloy Colloidal Quantum Dots: Tuning Optical Properties from the Visible to Near-Infrared by Ion Exchange
(2013-04-01)
Gupta, Shuchi
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Zhovtiuk, Olga
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Vaneski, Aleksandar
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Lin, Yan-Cheng
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Chou, Wu-Ching
The energy gap between valence and conduction levels in colloidal semiconductor quantum dots can be tuned via the nanoparticle diameter when this is comparable to or less than the Bohr radius. In materials such as cadmium mercury telluride, which readily forms a single phase ternary alloy, this quantum confinement tuning can also be augmented by compositional tuning, which brings a further degree of freedom in the bandgap engineering. Here it is shown that compositional control of 2.3 nm diameter CdxHg(1x)Te nanocrystals by exchange of Hg2+ in place of Cd2+ ions can be used to tune their optical properties across a technologically useful range, from 500 nm to almost 1200 nm. Data on composition-dependent changes in the optical properties are provided, including bandgap, extinction coefficient, emission energy and spectral shape, Stokes shift, quantum efficiency, and radiative lifetimes as the exchange process occurs, which are highly relevant for those seeking to use these technologically important QD materials.
Higher-rank numerical ranges and Kippenhahn polynomials
(2013-04-01)
Gau, Hwa-Long
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Wu, Pei Yuan
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應用數學系
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Department of Applied Mathematics
We prove that two n-by-n matrices A and B have their rank-k numerical ranges Lambda(k) (A) and Lambda(k) (B) equal to each other for all k, 1 <= k <= left perpendicularn/2right perpendicular + 1, if and only if their Kippenhahn polynomials P-A (x, y, z) equivalent to det(xRe A + yIm A + zI(n)) and p(B) (x, y, z) equivalent to det(xRe B + yIm B + zI(n)) coincide. The main tools for the proof are the Li-Sze characterization of higher-rank numerical ranges, Weyl's perturbation theorem for eigenvalues of Hermitian matrices and Bezout's theorem for the number of common zeros for two homogeneous polynomials. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A vision-based blind spot warning system for daytime and nighttime driver assistance
(2013-04-01)
Wu, Bing-Fei
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Huang, Hao-Yu
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Chen, Chao-Jung
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Chen, Ying-Han
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Chang, Chia-Wei
This paper proposes an effective blind spot warning system (BSWS) for daytime and nighttime conditions. The proposed BSWS includes camera models of a dynamic calibration and blind spot detection (BSD) algorithms for the daytime and nighttime. Under daytime conditions, the proposed system presents the Horizontal Edge and Shadow Composite Region (HESCR) method to extract the searching region and to acquire the shadow location of the targeted vehicles. Additionally, to detect vehicles at nighttime road scenes, the proposed system extracts bright objects and recognizes the paired headlights of the targeted vehicles for the BSD. The BSWS is implemented on a DSP-based embedded platform. The results of the BSWS are obtained by conducting practical experiments on our camera-assisted car on a highway in Taiwan under both nighttime and daytime conditions. Experimental results show that the proposed BSWS is feasible for vehicle detection and collision warning in various daytime and nighttime road environments. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Study on bending behaviour of nickeltitanium rotary endodontic instruments by analytical and numerical analyses
(2013-04-01)
Tsao, C. C.
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Liou, J. U.
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Wen, P. H.
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Peng, C. C.
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Liu, T. S.
Tsao CC, Liou JU, Wen PH, Peng CC, Liu TS. Study on bending behaviour of nickel-titanium rotary endodontic instruments by analytical and numerical analyses. International Endodontic Journal, 46, 379-388, 2013. Aim To develop analytical models and analyse the stress distribution and flexibility of nickeltitanium (NiTi) instruments subject to bending forces. Methodology The analytical method was used to analyse the behaviours of NiTi instruments under bending forces. Two NiTi instruments (RaCe and Mani NRT) with different cross-sections and geometries were considered. Analytical results were derived using EulerBernoulli nonlinear differential equations that took into account the screw pitch variation of these NiTi instruments. In addition, the nonlinear deformation analysis based on the analytical model and the finite element nonlinear analysis was carried out. Numerical results are obtained by carrying out a finite element method. Results According to analytical results, the maximum curvature of the instrument occurs near the instrument tip. Results of the finite element analysis revealed that the position of maximum von Mises stress was near the instrument tip. Therefore, the proposed analytical model can be used to predict the position of maximum curvature in the instrument where fracture may occur. Finally, results of analytical and numerical models were compatible. Conclusion The proposed analytical model was validated by numerical results in analysing bending deformation of NiTi instruments. The analytical model is useful in the design and analysis of instruments. The proposed theoretical model is effective in studying the flexibility of NiTi instruments. Compared with the finite element method, the analytical model can deal conveniently and effectively with the subject of bending behaviour of rotary NiTi endodontic instruments.
集團企業子公司組織學習能力與新產品開發－網絡套繫之觀點
(2013-04-01)
方世榮
;
楊舒蜜
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周家慧
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林谷合
;
Shyh-Rong Fang
本研究從網絡觀點探討集團企業各子公司所鑲嵌的內部集團網絡及外部事業網絡，對其學習能力與新產品開發績效之影響。本研究以台灣65家集團企業之子公司為研究對象，共回收132份有效問卷。實證結果發現：（1）子公司在集團網絡及事業網絡中的橋接套繫對知識吸收能力有顯著影響；（2）子公司在集團網絡中的強套繫對知識整合能力有顯著影響，在事業網絡中的強套繫對知識整合能力影響不顯著；（3）集團成員的組織學習能力對新產品開發績效有顯著影響。本研究最後就理論與實務意涵加以討論，並提出未來研究的建議。
Net Buying Pressure, Volatility Smirk and Abnormal Return of TXO
(2013-04-01)
段昌文
;
Chang-Wen Duan
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Institute of Business and Management
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經營管理研究所
本文驗證台指選擇權隱含波動率的淨買壓假說，我們發現研究期間之台指選擇權隱含波動率呈現負偏斜，而此負偏斜導因於淨買壓，且相依於選擇權契約的存續期間。在控制台灣市場存在訊息流動效果與槓桿效果下，實證證明淨買壓歸因於台灣選擇權市場存在有套利限制。雖然新興市場機構投資者交易不活絡，然而實證結果與美國、香港是一致的支持淨買壓假說，主要原因在於台灣期貨交易所對造市者的資格限制與市場可進行避險交易之選擇權商品種類多樣化，導致新興市場交易選擇權的廣義機構投資者是較多的。
Using Active Video Games for Physical Activity Promotion: A Systematic Review of the Current State of Research
(2013-04-01)
Peng, Wei
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Crouse, Julia C.
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Lin, Jih-Hsuan
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交大名義發表
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National Chiao Tung University
This systematic review evaluates interventions using active video games (AVGs) to increase physical activity and summarizes laboratory studies quantifying intensity of AVG play among children and adults. Databases (Cochrane Library, PsychInfo, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science) and forward citation and reference list searches were used to identify peer-reviewed journal articles in English through March 2011. Studies that used off-the-shelf AVGs to increase physical activity with quantitative outcomes or studies that quantified intensity of AVG play were included. Information on sample characteristics, AVGs employed, study design and conditions, outcome measures, results, and conclusions was extracted by two researchers. Intervention studies were ranked on design quality. Thirteen interventions and 28 laboratory studies were identified. All laboratory studies demonstrated that AVGs are capable of providing light-to-moderate intensity physical activity. However, only three interventions supported AVGs as an effective tool to significantly increase physical activity or exercise attendance. As AVGs are becoming more popular, additional research is needed to determine how to capitalize on the potential of AVGs to increase physical activity.
Effects of Music on Immunity and Physiological Responses in Healthcare Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
(2013-04-01)
Lai, Hui-Ling
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Liao, Kuang-Wen
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Huang, Chiung-Yu
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Chen, Pin-Wen
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Peng, Tai-Chu
Research-based evidence supports the effectiveness of soothing music in improving stress-related psycho-physiological indices in a clinical setting. However, there is currently insufficient scientific knowledge of the effects of music on immune markers of stress in humans. Therefore, the aims of the study were to compare the effects of music and quiet rest on the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor- (TNF-), interleukin-10 (IL-10), heart rate and mean arterial pressure among healthcare workers. By using a randomized controlled trial design, 60 nurses were randomly assigned to the stimulating or sedating music or rest groups for 30min. Participants' psychoneuroimmunological parameters were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. General estimating equation was used to analyse data. Results revealed that IL-6, TNF- and IL-10 were not detectable in this population. No significance differences in heart rate were found among the three groups. However, the stimulating music group had significantly higher mean arterial pressure levels than the sedating music group but no differences between the quiet rest group and the sedating music group. Music with different tempi had little effect on mean arterial pressure. Any effect of music on immune markers of stress requires further research. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predisposing factors for oropharyngeal colonization of yeasts in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: A prospective cross-sectional study
(2013-04-01)
Lin, Jiun-Nong
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Lin, Chih-Chao
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Lai, Chung-Hsu
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Yang, Yun-Liang
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Chen, Hui-Ting
Background: Oropharyngeal candidiasis continues to be a major opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence, associated factors, and microbiologic features for oropharyngeal yeast colonization in HIV-infected patients. Methods: From October to December 2009, consecutive HIV-infected patients older than 18 years were recruited in this study. Demographic information, underlying conditions, and clinical histories were collected. Oropharyngeal swab cultures for yeasts and antifungal drug susceptibilities of the isolates were performed. Results: Of the 105 HIV-infected patients, 54 (51.4%) were colonized with yeasts, including 11 patients (20.4%) with more than one species. Among the 68 isolates, Candida albicans accounted for 73.5%, followed by Candida tropicalis (5.9%), Candida glabrata (5.9%), and Candida dubliniensis (4.4%). There were 7.5% and 6% Candida isolates resistant to fluconazole and voriconazole, respectively. All of the Candida isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B. A higher prevalence of yeast colonization was noted in patients with a CD4 cell count <= 200 cells/mu L (p = 0.032). Multivariate regression analysis showed that intravenous drug use was an independent associated factor for oropharyngeal yeast colonization (odds ratio, 5.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.39-20.6; p = 0.015), as well as protease inhibitor-containing anti-retroviral therapy (odds ratio, 3.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.41-9.12; p = 0.007). Conclusion: Despite previous studies showing that protease inhibitors decreased Candida adhesion to epithelial cells in vitro, the current study found protease inhibitor-containing anti-retroviral therapy predisposed to oropharyngeal yeast colonization in HIV-infected patients. Copyright (C) 2012, Taiwan Society of Microbiology. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved.
The Oxidation of Phenylhydrazine by Tyrosinase
(2013-04-01)
Sung, Yi-Ming
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Gayam, Srivardhan Reddy
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Wu, Shu-Pao
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應用化學系
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Department of Applied Chemistry
Tyrosinase was found to catalyze the oxidation of phenylhydrazine to phenol in a reaction that did not resemble those typically performed by tyrosinase. The kinetics of this reaction was investigated by measuring the initial velocity of the formation of phenol (25 A degrees C). The values of k (cat) and K (M) for the oxidation of phenylhydrazine were obtained as 11.0 s(-1) and 0.30 mM, respectively. The generation of superoxides during the oxidation of phenylhydrazine by tyrosinase was monitored by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay. In the phenylhydrazine-tyrosinase reaction, 1 mol O-2 was required for the production of 1 mol phenol and 1/6 mol superoxide. The decomposition of superoxide by superoxide dismutase enhanced the rate constant of the oxidation of phenylhydrazine. Phenol formed in the oxidation of phenylhydrazine by tyrosinase was further oxidized by tyrosinase to an o-quinone, after the oxidation of phenylhydrazine by tyrosinase was almost completed.
Enhancement of epitaxial LaNiO3 electrode on the ferroelectric property of La-doped BiFeO3/SrTiO3 artificial superlattice structure by rf sputtering
(2013-04-01)
Chiu, Shang-Jui
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Liu, Yen-Ting
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Yu, Ge-Ping
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Lee, Hsin-Yi
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Huang, Jia-Hong
Improvement of ferroelectric property by LaNiO3 (LNO) electrode on superlattice films was shown in this study. High quality asymmetric multiferroic 5 at% La-doped BiFeO3 (BFO) and paraelectric SrTiO3 (STO) superlattice structure was deposited on LNO electrode by rf magnetron sputtering system. High crystalline quality of the La-doped BFO/STO artificial superlattice structure on LNO electrode have been confirmed by clear main feature and satellite features around (0 0 2) STO substrate Bragg peak shown in (0 0 2) radial scan spectrum. The results of in-pane crystal truncation rod (CTR) spectrum and the rocking curve indicated that superlattice films with high crystal quality behaved in-plane strain closed to fully strained state on both LNO and Nb-doped STO electrode. The epitaxial relation between the La-doped BFO and STO layers in the superlattice was examined through a (1 0 3) azimuthal scan and (1 0 3) Lscan. The results show a four-fold symmetry and slight distorted of gamma angle of the BFO unit cell, confirming the pseudocubic structure of the La-doped BiFeO3 structure. The measurement of hysteresis loops showed that La-doped BFO superlattice structure on LNO electrode behaved lower, but stable and saturated ferroelectric properties than that of films with Nb-doped STO substrate in our previous study. The measurement of resistivity and leakage current density of superlattice films demonstrated that resistivity of electrode is the main factor to determine the leakage properties of films. The superlattice films behaved larger piezoelectric coefficient (d(33)) on LNO electrode than films on Nb-doped STO substrate, which indicated the enhancement of intrinsic ferroelectric properties in La-doped BFO/STO superlattice films. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Abnormal Renal Resistive Index in Patients with Mild-to-moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
(2013-04-01)
Chen, Cheng-Yu
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Hsu, Ta-Wei
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Mao, Simon J. T.
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Chang, Shih-Chieh
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Yang, Pan-Chyr
Background: Arterial rigidity and endothelial dysfunction are systemic manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The decrease in renal vascular resistance in order to adapt the increase in glomerular filtration rate after oral protein loading is known as normal renal functional reserve. We tested the hypothesis that COPD patients, even in those with mild-to-moderate airflow obstruction, are affected by systemic inflammation associated with abnormal renal functional reserve. Materials and Methods: The study enrolled 24 current smokers with a cigarette smoking history >= 25 pack-years and 8 nonsmokers with normal spirometry as control. Doppler sonography detected the renal resistive index (RRI) before and after oral protein loading to determine the renal functional reserve. Pulmonary function and serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were analyzed to compare with the renal functional reserve. Results: The smokers were stratified into 3 groups (Group 1: smokers with normal spirometry, Group 2: mild COPD, Group 3: moderate COPD); nonsmokers as Group 4. The baseline RRI levels were similar in Group 1 and Group 4. After protein loading, the RRI elevated in all smoking groups; moreover, Group 3 had the highest RRI and with longer duration than other groups. The smokers with higher serum TNF-alpha levels had a longer RRI elevation. Multiple linear regression revealed forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1), serum TNF-alpha levels and aging were independently predictive factors of impaired renal functional reserve. Conclusions: A greater impairment in renal functional reserve of COPD patients was correlated with more severe airway obstruction and inflammation.
Broadband Microwave Measurements of Overdoped Y0.9Ca0.1Ba2Cu3O7-delta Films Using Corbino Geometry
(2013-04-01)
Farber, E.
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Bachar, N.
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Lavi, D.
;
Castro, H.
;
Chen, Y. -J.
The surface impedance of Y0.9Ca0.1Ba2Cu3O7-delta thin films was measured using the Corbino spectroscopy method. This special geometry, in which the sample dimensions are well defined by a ring pattern, is ideal for broadband high frequency reflection measurements. Using the complex reflected signal, S (11), measured by a vector network analyzer, one can find the surface impedance of the thin film, from which the complex conductivity can be deduced. In the current work we present the three-standard approach for calibration of the Corbino method and demonstrate the benefits of this approach in measuring superconducting Y0.9Ca0.1Ba2Cu3O7-delta thin films up to 20 GHz and down to 6 K. For the data analysis the well-known generalized two-fluid model was implemented, taking into account a film thickness which is much smaller than the normal state skin depth and superconducting penetration depth.
SP-101, a novel gefitinib derivative induces apoptosis and tumor inhibition
(2013-04-01)
Chao, Jui-i
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Wang, Su-Pei
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Chen, Chinpiao
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Yang, Jinn-Moon
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生物科技學系
Situated Poetry Learning Using Multimedia Resource Sharing Approach
(2013-04-01)
Yang, Che-Ching
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Tseng, Shian-Shyong
;
Liao, Anthony Y. H.
;
Liang, Tyne
;
資訊工程學系
Educators have emphasized the importance of situating students in an authentic learning environment. By using such approach, teachers can encourage students to learn Chinese poems by browsing content resources and relevant online multimedia resources by using handheld devices. Nevertheless, students in heterogeneous network environments may have different requirements for the resource subject, type, size, etc. The central issue of this study is how to locate appropriate resources to support situated learning based on user context. In an attempt to solve the primary concern, this study proposes a context-based dialogue approach with which students may interact to retrieve adequate poems and multimedia resources. The Poetry Multimedia Resource Index is the basis for the retrieval, which consists of outer lexical resources, multimedia resource information, and Chinese poems. A prototype system has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the approach. The experimental group adopts the situated learning method by using this system, while those in the control group adopt the situated learning method by using textbooks. It is found that our approach can be significantly beneficial to promote students' learning achievements. The majority of students are satisfied with the proposed system and the teacher participant showed a positive attitude toward this system.